人与猪肝门静脉显微结构成分的比较

目的：比较人与猪肝门静脉壁结构成分的异同，为猪一人异种肝移植提供理论依据。方法：取正常成人与不同月龄猪肝门静脉，常规石蜡包埋、切片，分染弹性纤维、胶原纤维和平滑肌，光镜观察，计算机图像分析系统测量各结构成分的相对含量。结果：随月龄的增长猪肝门静脉胶原纤维的含量逐渐升高，弹性纤维的含量相对稳定，平滑肌的含量在3月龄时最高，C厄值逐渐升高。与人相比，猪肝门静脉壁中胶原纤维和弹性纤维的含量较低，而平滑肌的含量则较高，5、6月龄时的C/E值与人相近。结论：人与猪肝门静脉壁各结构成分的含量存在差异，但从C僵值看，5、6月龄猪肝门静脉的力学特性与人相匹配，较适合用于移植。     

人与猪肝门静脉壁的细胞核密度的形态定量比较研究

目的比较研究人与猪肝门静脉细胞核密度间的异同,为猪与人异种肝移植提供理论依据。方法取人与不同月龄猪肝门静脉,常规有蜡包埋、切片,苏术精-伊红染色,桔黄G染平滑肌,光镜观察及计算机图像分析。结果猪肝静脉壁的细胞核数密度、面密度均随月龄的增加而降低。6月龄猪肝门静脉壁的细胞核数密度、面密度与人相近。结论猪肝门静脉壁的细胞核数密度、面密度随增龄发生变化,在行猪→人异种肝移植时,人与6月龄猪肝门静脉的吻合是可行的。     

猪肝门静脉生物力学特性的增龄性变化

目的研究猪肝门静脉的生物力学特性与月龄间的关系，为猪→人异种肝移植提供力学资料。方法 取不同月龄猪肝门静脉，利用软组织力学试验机测量压力-直径关系数据，推导出其弹性模量和顺应性。结果 猪肝门静脉的弹性模量随猪的月龄的增大和血管内压力的升高而增大；顺应性则随猪的月龄的增大而下降。结论 猪肝门静脉的力学特性随增龄发生变化，在实施猪→人异种肝移植时应选择与人肝门静脉力学特性相匹配的月龄猪作为供体。     

人与猪肝门静脉生物力学特性的比较研究

目的：比较研究人与猪肝门静脉生物力学特性的异同，为猪→人异种肝移植提供理论依据。方法：取人与不同月龄猪肝门静脉，利用软组织生物力学试验机测量压力一直径关系数据，推导出其弹性模量和顺应性。结果：猪肝门静脉的弹性模量随月龄的增大和血管内压力的升高而增大；顺应性则随月龄的增大而下降。与人肝门静脉相比，6月龄猪肝门静脉的弹性模量和顺应性与人相近。结论：6月龄猪肝门静脉的力学特性与成人相近，在行猪→人异种肝移植时，人与6月龄猪肝门静脉的吻合是可行的。     

门静脉高压症猪肺血管的结构重建及临床意义

目的:探讨门静脉高压症猪肺血管形态结构重建的特点。方法:采用健康2月龄湖北白猪14头,随机分为正常对照组和实验组,用四氯化碳建立门静脉高压症模型。取肺动脉和肺静脉,横断切片。用Pilloridine和Cy3-IgG分别染胶原纤维和平滑肌,弹性纤维自发荧光。在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,用计算机图像分析系统测量各结构成分的相对含量。结果:与正常对照组相比,门静脉高压猪肺血管壁中胶原纤维、平滑肌的相对含量及胶原纤维与弹性纤维的比值(C/E)均增大,弹性纤维则减少。结论:门静脉高压时,猪肺血管的形态结构可发生重建,表现为胶原纤维增加,弹性纤维减少,导致C/E值的改变。肝肺联合移植时,移植材料间的结构成分的差异也应引起关注。     

猪肺动脉干的形态学和生物力学特性

目的：探讨猪肺动脉干几何形态、显微结构成分与力学特性在增龄过程中的变化规律,为猪→人异种心脏移植吻合血管提供必要的资料。方法：应用组织学、计算机图像分析法以及生物软组织力学试验机,对猪肺动脉干进行计量形态学和力学试验。结果：猪肺动脉干的平均管径、壁厚、管腔面积、管壁面积与月龄间呈直线正相关关系,分别以1．08mm／月、0．09mm／月、14．4mm^2／月和7．31mm^2／月的速率增加。管壁中胶原纤维、弹性纤维、平滑肌的含量在增龄过程中未见明显变化。猪肺动脉干一维载荷下的材料常数和弹性模量随增龄虽有增加,但无统计学上的差异。结论：1～7月龄肺动脉干几何形态与月龄密切相关;显微结构成分含量和力学特性随月龄的变化不大。     

猪升主动脉几何形态与显微结构的增龄性变化

目的:探讨猪升主动脉几何形态与显微结构成分在增龄过程中的变化规律,为猪→人异种心脏移植吻合血管提供必要的形态学基础。方法:应用组织学和计算机图像分析方法,对42例1～7月龄猪升主动脉进行计量形态学研究。结果:猪升主动脉的管径、壁厚、管腔面积、管壁面积与月龄间呈高度直线正相关关系(r分别为0.98、0.98、0.99、0.99,各P值均<0.001),它们分别以1.54mm月、0.15mm/月、28.26mm~2/月和12.28mm~2/月的速率增加。管壁中胶原纤维含量随之增加(P<0.05);弹性纤维含量以2、3月龄最高,而后维持在相对恒定水平,平滑肌的含量在增龄过程中未见明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:与人类相似,猪升主动脉几何形态、显微结构成分含量与年龄密切相关。     

肝门静脉高压症猪肝门静脉的结构重建

目的:建立猪肝门静脉高压症模型,探讨肝门静脉高压症时肝门静脉的结构重建.方法:猪以四氯化碳、苯巴比妥、乙醇配合高脂、低蛋白、低胆碱饮食进行混合饲养.通过脾静脉插管测压,取门静脉常规石蜡包埋、切片,用H-E 染色法、Weigert法、Aniline blue法、Organge G法分别染组织结构、弹性纤维、胶原纤维和平滑肌,用计算机图像分析系统定量分析肝门静脉的几何形态及显微成分.结果:实验组肝门静脉压为(4.17±1.03)kPa,而正常组为(1.51±0.79)kPa,实验组门静脉的内膜与中膜增厚,管壁增厚,管径增粗,平滑肌、胶原纤维的百分含量增加,平滑肌细胞核的数密度和面密度也在增加,C/E值增加.结论:肝门静脉高压症时,与血液动力学改变相适应,肝门静脉的几何形态与显微结构成分均发生了改变.     

胎儿脐静脉壁组织结构增龄性变化的定量分析

目的 :探讨胎儿脐带静脉随胎龄变化的形态学改变 ,为临床挑选适当的血管代用品提供科学的理论依据。方法 :3 3例新鲜脐带 ,常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染组织结构 ,Weigert,AnilineBlue及桔黄G分染弹性纤维 ,胶原纤维和平滑肌 ,光镜观察及计算机图像分析。结果 :随胎龄随长 ,脐静脉管径、中膜厚度、中膜弹性纤维含量逐渐增多 ;平滑肌含量及细胞核的数密度和面密度在 3 7～ 40周最大 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,胶原纤维则最小 ,因而此时段顺应性最好。结论 :脐静脉管壁中各成分的含量随胎龄变化呈不等比增长 ,3 7～ 40周时血管顺应性最好。建议选用此时段胎龄的脐静脉作为移植材料。     

胎儿静脉壁组织结构增龄性变化的定量分析

目的：探讨胎儿脐带静脉随胎龄变化的形态学改变，为临床挑选适当的血管代用品提供科学的理论依据。方法：33例新鲜脐带，常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染组织结构，Weigert,Aniline Blue及桔黄G分染弹性纤维，胶原纤维和平滑肌，光镜观察及计算机图像分析。结果：随胎龄随长，脐静脉管径、中膜厚度、中膜弹性纤维含量逐渐增多；平滑肌含量及细胞核的数密度和面密度在37－40周最大（P＜0．05），胶原纤维则最小，因而此时段顺应性最好。结论：脐静脉管壁中各成分的含量随胎龄变化呈不等比增长，37－40周时血管顺应性最好。建议选用此时段胎龄的脐静脉作为移植材料。     

门静脉高压症猪肝动脉的结构重建

目的 建立猪门静脉高压症模型,探讨门静脉高压症时肝动脉的结构重建.方法猪以四氯化碳、苯巴比妥、乙醇配合高脂、低蛋白、低胆碱饮食进行混合饲养.通过脾静脉插管测压,取肝动脉常规石蜡包埋、切片,用HE 法、Weigert 法、Aniline blue法,Organge G法分别染组织结构、弹性纤维、胶原纤维和平滑肌,用计算机...     

Architecture of the caudal vena cava wall of the dog at the level of the liver caudate lobe

The vascular segment of the caudal vena cava of the dog at the level of the caudate lobe was shown to be intimately related to hepatic tissue through the hepatic capsule and parenchyma. The tunica adventitia of the caudal vena cava was formed mainly by smooth muscle cells with collagen and elastic fibers arranged in bundles. The thin tunica media of the vein was also formed by smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers arranged in bundles. The tunica intima presented an elastic subendothelial network. The hepatic segment of the caudal vena cava showed a myoconnective architecture and propulsive characteristics in terms of its hemodynamic pattern.     

The vascular anatomy of the liver of the monitor lizard (genus varanus)

The gross and microscopic anatomy of the vasculature of the monitor lizard liver was studied. The portal vein has a peculiar arrangement of smooth muscle. The tunical media of the entering portal vein has bundles of smooth muscle cells separated by large numbers of collagenous fibers. The amount of smooth muscle decreases as the vessel decreases in diameter and soon one finds intermittent broad, thin bands of smooth muscle. As the caliber of the vessels continues to decrease, the smooth muscle bands become narrower and thicker so that they appear as doughnut-shaped sphincters. The sphincters are usually found at the beginning of each branch of the portal vein as well as along the course of veins between areas of branching. Some sphincters are found in direct contact with the outer capsule of the liver. Sphincters occur in the terminal branches of the portal vein just proximal to the sinusoids. Small numbers of scattered smooth muscle cells were seen arranged longitudinally, obliquely, or circularly in the smaller hepatic veins. Even the large hepatic veins had only small amounts of smooth muscle. At no place along the course of hepatic veins could smooth muscle sphincters equivalent to those seen around portal veins be found. The monitor lizard should be an excellent subject for physiological and pharmacological studies of regulation of intrahepatic portal vein blood flow.     

Viscoelasticity of the vessel wall: the role of collagen and elastic fibers.

The aortic wall contains collagen fibrils, smooth muscle cells, and elastic fibers as the primary load-bearing components. It is well known that the collagen fibrils bear loads in the circumferential direction, whereas elastic fibers provide longitudinal as well as circumferential support. Stiffening of the vessel wall is associated with loss of elastic tissue and increases in the collagen content: however, little is known about the mechanism of vessel wall stiffening with age. The purpose of this review is to attempt to relate structural changes that occur to the collagen and elastic fibers to changes in the viscoelastic behavior that are associated with aging. Analysis of the viscoelastic mechanical properties of collagen fibrils from tendon, skin, and aortic wall suggest that the collagen fibrils of aortic wall are different than those of other tissues. The elastic spring constant of the collacen fibrils in vessel walls is significantly less than that found in tendon, suggesting that the presence of type III collagen in aortic wall increases the flexibility of the collagen fibrils. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that changes in the interface between collagen fibrils, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle during aging and in connective tissue disorders leads to changes in the viscoelasticity of the vessel wall.     

Liver Fibrosis in Elderly Cadavers: Localization of Collagen Types I,III, and IV, α‐Smooth Muscle Actin,and Elastic Fibers

We have shown a high prevalence of liver fibrosis in elderly cadavers with diverse causes of death by Sirius red stain; however, the various collagen types in these samples have yet to be evaluated. To further characterize the histopathology of the fibrotic lesions in the livers of these elderly cadavers, this study used immunohistochemistry and histochemistry to identify the principal collagens produced in liver fibrosis, fibrogenic cells and elastic fibers. Collagen I and III immunoreactions were found to colocalize in collagen fibers of fibrotic central veins, perisinusoidal fibrotic foci, portal tract stroma, and fibrous septa. α‐Smooth muscle actin‐expressing perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as well as perivenular, portal, and septal myofibroblasts, were closely associated with collagen fibers, reflecting their fibrogenic functions. HSCs and myofibroblasts were also noted to express collagen IV, which may contribute to production of basal lamina‐like structures. In fibrotic livers, the sinusoidal lining showed variable immunostaining for collagen IV. Collagen IV immunostaining revealed vascular proliferation and atypical ductular reaction at the portal–septal parenchymal borders, as well as capillary‐like vessels in the lobular parenchyma. While elastic fibers were absent in the space of Disse, they were found to codistribute with collagens in portal tracts, fibrous septa and central veins. Our combined assessment of collagen types, HSCs, myofibroblasts, and elastic fibers is significant in understanding the histopathology of fibrosis in the aging liver. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

大鼠脊髓前动脉形态及结构成分的增龄变化

目的：观测大鼠脊髓前动脉形态结构的增龄变化。方法：运用透射是及图像分析方法。结果;大鼠脊髓前动脉形态结构的增殖变化主要有管避暑增厚,仙皮细胞变化脱落,内弹性膜变薄、折叠减少,并出现崩解断裂,中膜平滑产生堆集并凸入管腔。随月龄增加,脊髓前动脉生纤维的相对含量显著减少,胶原纤维相对含量显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血管的Ｃ／Ｅ值也显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：脊髓前动脉形态结构２的老龄变化可能与因管性疾