86例纤维瘤病治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的 分析纤维瘤病的临床特点及预后影响因素.方法 对86例纤维瘤病患者的临床及随访资料进行回顾性分析.结果 86例患者均获得随访,随访时间2～60个月,中位随访时间为29个月.86例患者的总复发率为52.3％ (45/86).复发时间为术后7～ 49个月,中位时间为11个月.肿瘤直径＞5 cm、躯干部位、R1切除、未放疗患者的5 a复发率明显高于肿瘤直径≤5 cm、四肢部位、R0切除、放疗患者,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).多因素分析可知,肿瘤直径及肿瘤切缘是复发的独立影响因素,肿瘤直径＞5cm、R1切除患者复发风险更高.结论 纤维瘤病的复发与肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、肿瘤切缘、是否放疗有关,而且肿瘤直径和肿瘤切缘是复发的独立影响因素,手术达到R0切除可减少术后复发,对于肿瘤直径＞5 cm及切缘阳性的患者,术后给予辅助放疗可以改善预后.     

乳腺癌保留乳房治疗10a疗效分析

目的:研究评价保乳治疗的效果,分析1985年—1995年111例在该院行保乳治疗患者的远期疗效。方法:111例临床Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者行保乳手术,术后行全乳放疗,局部缩野照射。用SAS软件分析患者年龄,肿瘤大小,组织学类型,切缘,淋巴结转移,术后放疗与复发的关系,分析切除组织量与复发率和美容效果的关系。结果:中位随访10 a,10 a复发率10 % ,转移率27 %,生存率81 %。年龄、组织学类型、淋巴结转移与复发无显著性关系(P >0.05)。肿瘤大小,切缘情况与复发有关(P <0.01)。术后未行放疗的复发率高,达75 %。60Co放疗复发率高于加速器(11 % vs 5 %)。单纯局部复发与转移无明显相关性(P >0.05)。行象限切除复发率不低于肿瘤扩大切除(P >0.05),但明显影响美容效果。结论:保乳治疗适合不同年龄、不同组织学类型的早期乳腺癌,在保证切缘阴性的前提下,扩大切除范围不提高疗效反而会影响美容效果。放疗技术的提高有助于减少复发。     

头颈部骨肉瘤治疗现状

头颈部骨肉瘤为少见肿瘤,临床特点与复发模式不同于其他部位骨肉瘤。头颈部骨肉瘤发病年龄晚,局部复发率高,远处转移率低,局部复发为死亡主要原因。手术为主要治疗手段。手术切缘阳性、近切缘及手术切缘不确定者推荐术后放疗。化疗的作用尚有争议。针对复发转移、不可手术切除的骨肉瘤,有效的分子靶向治疗药物有待于继续探索。     

直肠癌术后局部复发原因及治疗

目的 探讨直肠癌术后局部复发的原因。方法 回顾性分析我院近10年156例得以随访的直肠癌手术后25例局部复发病例。结果 直肠癌术后局部复发与肿瘤部位、病理类型、Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和手术方式有关。结论 预防直肠癌术后局部复发应从首次手术做起，尤其是决定手术方式时，应综合考虑肿瘤位置、病理类型、Dukes分期等因素。对局部复发者，只要局部和全身情况允许，力争再手术切除复发灶。     

韧带样纤维瘤术后复发的临床及病理学研究

目的分析韧带样纤维瘤的临床特点,并通过检测韧带样纤维瘤周边病理学改变以了解其生物学行为特点及复发的相关因素。方法收集2003年至2008年我科切除的56例韧带样纤维瘤患者的临床资料及标本,对其可能与术后复发相关的临床因素如：性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、体积、侵犯主要血管神经、侵犯骨、切缘质量、是否接受放疗及药物治疗等进行统计学分析,并对病灶周边组织进行组织病理学研究。结果本组患者均获得完整随访,随访时间33—108个月,总体复发率为39．3％,平均复发时间初治组为17．3个月（5—23个月）,复发组为14．8个月（3—26个月）。患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、体积、侵犯骨、是否接受放疗、药物治疗与肿瘤复发无统计学相关性,而侵犯主要血管神经、切缘质量与肿瘤复发有统计学相关性。切缘阴性、肿瘤未侵犯重要血管神经的患者术后复发率较低沪〈0．05）。韧带样纤维瘤在病理学为良性,但可广泛浸润病变周边肌肉、脂肪、韧带、血管、神经、骨等组织,可突破骨皮质侵入髓腔内,但不能侵入血管及神经内部。结论韧带样纤维瘤术后复发率较高,侵犯主要血管神经、切缘质量是影响术后复发率的主要因素。病理学上,此病具有很强的局部侵袭能力,但无远处转移,术中达到满意的外科边界较为困难。所以当切缘阳性或单纯手术治疗效果不满意时可采用放疗、药物治疗等多种手段进行综合治疗,以降低局部复发率。     

腹壁侵袭性纤维瘤病21例临床分析

目的:探讨腹壁侵袭性纤维瘤病的临床特点和治疗方法。方法:回顾研究中国医科大学附属盛京医院2000-2010年间外科收治的21例腹壁侵袭性纤维瘤病例,包括初发18例,复发3例。术前3例复发患者确诊,9例疑诊。16例患者行广泛切除,5例患者行单纯肿瘤切除或切缘不足2cm。13例因肿瘤切除后腹部缺损较大用人工补片行腹壁重建。8例患者术后行放射治疗。结果:术后获随访18例,复发4例,复发率为22.2%,其中切缘大于2cm的14例患者中复发1例,切缘不足2cm且未行放疗的3例全部复发。7例加用放疗者均未复发。补片修补患者无复发及切口疝发生。结论:侵袭性纤维瘤呈侵袭性生长,复发率高,应提高对本病的认识。切缘阴性的手术是首选的治疗方法,放疗能降低术后复发率。     

467例Ⅱ期胸段食管鳞癌切除术后患者的生存分析

背景与目的:食管癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一,多数患者就诊时已是局部晚期。迄今为止,手术切除仍是其最主要的治疗方法。本研究旨在探讨影响Ⅱ期胸段食管鳞癌术后生存的因素。方法:回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心1990年1月至1998年12月收治的467例Ⅱ期胸段食管癌患者的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,组间比较用log-rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox模型。结果:全组总的1、3、5和10年生存率分别为87.1%、54.6%、43.0%和32.3%,ⅡA期和ⅡB期患者的5年生存率分别为51.0%和19.9%。81例(17.3%)术后复发,其中有70例(86.4%)在术后3年内复发。单因素分析表明患者的性别、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、病理分期、淋巴结转移区域数、组织分化、切缘阳性和肿瘤复发均为预后影响因素。Cox回归分析显示性别、肿瘤浸润深度、病理分期、淋巴结转移区域数、切缘阳性和肿瘤复发是食管癌预后的独立影响因素。结论:影响Ⅱ期胸段食管癌患者术后生存的独立因素有性别、肿瘤浸润深度、病理分期、淋巴结转移区域数、切缘阳性和肿瘤复发。外科手术仍是ⅡA期患者的主要治疗方法,但对于ⅡB期患者应采取以手术为主的综合治疗。     

手术切缘对晚期声门型喉癌患者生存预后的影响

目的 探讨手术切缘对晚期声门型喉癌患者生存预后的影响.方法 选择接受手术治疗的140例晚期声门型喉癌患者,根据切缘情况分为阴性切缘与阳性切缘,比较二者局部复发率、区域性转移率;根据切缘范围分为≤3mm、4～5 mm、≥5 mm,比较三者局部复发情况;根据有无局部复发比较3年、5年生存率.结果 140例喉癌患者中28例患者的切缘为阳性,112例切缘阴性.阳性切缘患者中局部复发或淋巴结转移16例(57.14％),阴性切缘患者中局部复发或淋巴结转移19例(16.96％),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术切缘≤3 mm的局部复发率为57.14％ (8/14),手术切缘4～5 mm的局部复发率为21.87％ (7/32),手术切缘≥5 mm的局部复发率为l0.64％(10/94),手术切缘≤3 mm的局部复发率显著高于手术切缘4～5 mm与≥≥5 mm的患者,比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).无局部复发患者3年、5年生存率分别为50.00％、36.61％,显著高于局部复发患者的17.86％、7.14％,比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 手术切缘与晚期声门型喉癌患者的局部复发率及淋巴结转移率密切相关,切缘阳性患者复发率、转移率较高,预后较差,3年、5年生存率较低.术中可将切缘组织送快速冰冻病理检查,根据检查结果再实施手术,以降低切缘阳性率,减少复发,提高预后生存.     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术的预后价值评价

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术的预后效果以及影响术后生存率的相关因素。方法回顾性分析240例行早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗的患者的临床资料,记录患者局部复发情况、远处转移情况以及5年生存情况,分析影响患者生存率的相关因素。结果本组240例患者5例死亡,均为肿瘤相关性死亡,中位生存时间为64个月,局部复发6例,远处转移9例,3年生存率为99.17%,5年生存率为97.92%。病理分期、腋淋巴结转移数、组织学分级、切缘状态以及术后有无放疗均为影响患者生存率的主要因素(P<0.05);组织学分级及术后有无放疗是影响患者生存率的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。结论早期乳腺癌患者行保乳手术复发率和转移率低,远期生存率高,但需注意保证切缘阴性,术后进行辅助放疗是提高远期生存率的关键。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌的复发、转移及治疗初析

目的探讨影响涎腺腺样囊性癌的复发及转移的因素.方法对61例涎腺腺样囊性癌做临床病理分析.结果临床分期晚期位于颌下腺、舌下腺肿瘤神经受侵率高,复发率高;肿瘤复发是死亡的主要原因;局部总复发率为47.5%,远地转移率为29.5%,颈淋巴结转移率为9.8%.结论复发率与发病部位、临床分期及治疗方法等相关,外科是主要的治疗方法,放射治疗可以有效地控制病变的发展.     

术前放疗在软组织肉瘤保肢手术中的临床应用

目的 探讨术前放疗在软组织肉瘤保肢手术中的临床效果.方法 本组男17例,女13例;首诊6例,复发24例;年龄最大89岁,最小11岁,平均44.5岁.术前经病理检查确诊后接受直线加速器外照射,DT50Gy/25次/35天,放疗结束后休息2-4周即接受手术治疗.结果 随访时间:术后12-106个月,中位随访时间:48.3个月.术前放疗后肿瘤达到CR (complete remission) 2例、PR (partial remission) 25例,2例无变化,1例继续增大.术后因肺转移死亡6例(局部均无复发),占20% (6/30),其中2例为治疗期间出现肺转移,3例术后1年内出现肺转移,1例术后5年出现肺转移.2例分别于术后15个月和73个月局部复发,其中前者经二次广泛切除肿瘤后无复发及转移,后者合并病理性骨折而行截肢.28例无局部复发及远处转移,局部控制率93.3%(28/30).8例伤口延迟愈合,占28.7% (8/30).结论 术前放疗可以降低软组织肉瘤外科分期,缩小外科切除边界,最大限度保留肢体功能,降低局部复发率,降低保肢风险.     

The biological significance of failure at the primary site on ultimate survival in soft tissue sarcoma

Local tumor recurrence after complete resection may be due to treatment factors or represent a manifestation of tumor biology. The association of local tumor recurrence, distant metastases, and death in patients undergoing treatment for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has been described but continues to be enigmatic. After definitive multimodality treatment for extremity STS, local tumor recurrence is associated with development of distant metastasis, and metastases are implicated in subsequent disease-specific death. The relationship is an enigma, and the causality is unclear. Conversely, for patients with retroperitoneal STS, a direct relationship between local tumor recurrence and disease-specific death has been shown. In this article, current concepts are analyzed and reviewed.     

局部复发性软组织肉瘤的疗效及预后

目的评价局部复发性软组织肉瘤的治疗效果并探讨其预后因素。方法采用单因素和多因素分析方法,对９６例局部复发性软组织肉瘤的临床、病理特征、治疗方法及其对预后的影响进行研究。肿瘤组织学分级为低分级者（Ｇ１）２０例,占２０．８％;高分级者（Ｇ２,３）７６例,占７９．２％。手术方式为广泛切除６６例,局部切除６例,截肢２４例。辅助放疗２４例,辅助化疗３６例。结果本院再次手术后５年局部控制率为７０．１％,５年生存率为５９．１％。多因素分析显示：肿瘤的分级、部位、大小,是影响生存率的独立的预后因素。结论强调对软组织肉瘤的首次合理治疗。广泛切除术的切缘应＞２ｃｍ。局部复发肿瘤经积极治疗仍可获得较满意效果。较有效的综合治疗方案有待进一步探索。     

屏障切除术治疗复发性软组织肉瘤的疗效分析

目的：评价屏障切除术治疗复发性软组织肉瘤（STS）的疗效。方法：对81例复发性STS行屏障切除术。27例术中切缘再确认。修复重建73例。手术＋放疗＋化疗3例;手术＋放疗3例;手术＋化疗10例。1例术前隔离热药灌注。结果：术中切缘阳性2例,占7.4%。随访时间平均30个月（12～138个月）,复发13例,占16.0%。屏障切除后的平均复发时间较前次延长18个月。结论：屏障切除术复发率明显低于广泛切除术。     

Metastases to the retroperitoneum in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma: an unusual metastatic pattern

BACKGROUND: Extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) metastasizes preferentially to the lungs via the hematogenous route. Metastases in extrapulmonary sites such as bone, brain, and subcutaneous tissues are observed less frequently. To the authors' knowledge, limb STS primarily metastasizing to the retroperitoneum has not been described to date. The current study reviews the clinical course, management, and patient prognosis in such a pattern of metastasis. METHODS: Records of patients with retroperitoneal metastases originating from an extremity STS between 1994-1998 were reviewed. Patient demographics, primary tumor site, other tumor sites, local recurrence, distant metastasis, treatment, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Ten patients were included in the study. All had primary STS of different histologic types and high histologic grade confined to a lower limb. The retroperitoneal metastases were diagnosed between 6-120 months (mean, 45 months) after diagnosis of the primary sarcoma. At that time, one patient had evidence of local recurrence of the primary tumor site, two patients had lung metastases, and one patient had diffuse bone metastases. Eight patients were eligible for surgery. In six of these patients the metastases were excised completely. The median follow up was 12 months. Of the six patients who underwent complete resection, 3 were alive at last follow-up with no evidence of disease after 12 months, 14 months, and 24 months, respectively. Two patients with recurrent retroperitoneal disease and one patient with retroperitoneal and lung metastases died despite systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Extremity STS can metastasize hematogenously to the retroperitoneum, a fact that mandates a high index of suspicion and abdominal imaging studies during the follow-up of such patients. Retroperitoneal metastases necessitate aggressive surgical resection to enable prolongation of survival.     

软组织肉瘤补充广泛切除78例原因和疗效分析

  目的  探讨软组织肉瘤补充广泛切除术的原因及患者预后的影响。   方法  回顾性分析2007年7月至2011年3月收治的外院误诊为良性肿瘤而行局部切除的原发软组织肉瘤患者78例。主要观察终点为肿瘤的复发转移, 分析肿瘤残留情况对患者预后的影响。   结果  补充广泛切除术后, 中位随访时间是17.4个月, 其中复发3例, 转移5例, 死亡3例。Kaplan-Meier法计算1年无瘤生存率为93.6%, 3年无瘤生存率92.3%。初次术后肿瘤残留共40例, 占52%。初次手术后肿瘤残留组和非残留组生存无差异。   结论  患者在非计划性切除后肿瘤残留率较高, 接受补充广泛切除术是必要的。补充广泛切除原因多为术前无明确病理诊断, 无影像学检查。软组织肉瘤发病率较低, 在临床上应慎重处理。      

腺泡状软组织肉瘤的临床和预后分析

目的探讨腺泡状软组织肉瘤(ASPS)的临床特点、治疗方法和预后情况。方法58例ASPS患者除6例就诊时即发现远处转移未行手术治疗外,其余52例均行手术治疗,其中19例行局部切除术,33例行扩大切除术。19例术后接受辅助性放疗或化疗。58例患者均获得随访,中位随访时间为52个月。结果50例肿瘤完整切除患者中,11例(22.0%)出现局部复发。全组58例患者中,31例(53.4%)发生肺转移。全组总的3、5和10年生存率分别为89.5%、74.1%和57.7%。中位生存时间为125个月。男性患者的3、5和10年生存率分别为79.6%、67.2%和49.7%,女性患者分别为100.0%、81.6%和65.3%(P=0.026)。结论ASPS恶性程度不高,肿瘤生长较为缓慢,局部复发率不高,但远处转移较为常见,肺是其最常见的转移器官。手术切除仍是目前治疗局限期ASPS的惟一有效手段。术后辅助性放化疗对控制局部复发和远处转移效果并不令人满意。女性患者的预后好于男性。     

A staging system for soft-tissue sarcoma and its evaluation in relation to treatment

In order to define the significant factors for a staging system of soft-tissue sarcomas(STS), histologic and clinical findings in 190 adult patients with localized STS in the extremities and trunk were reviewed. The male-to-female ratio was 1.21. The histologic grading of tumors was defined according to the criteria recently proposed by us: tumors were low-grade in 65 cases, intermediate-grade in 57 cases and high-grade in 68 cases. The initial surgical procedure was as follows: intracapsular excision in 9 cases, marginal excision in 104 and wide local excision in 77, including 15 amputations. The mode of treatment was surgery alone (101 patients), surgery and chemotherapy (58), surgery and radiotherapy (22) and surgery and combined chemo- and radiotherapy (9). Univariate analysis revealed histologic grade, sex, tumor size and tumor depth to be significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed histologic grade to be the only independent factor for prognosis. Significant clinical factors in each histologic grade were then evaluated. In the low-grade group, local recurrence significantly affected prognosis. Most of the patients with local recurrence had had marginal resection as the initial surgical procedure. No clinical factors affecting prognosis in the intermediate-grade group could be determined. In the high-grade group, patients with wide local excision and adjuvant chemotherapy had a better prognosis than those with marginal excision with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and wide local excision without chemotherapy (p=0.09). In conclusion, histologic grade was the only significant factor for the staging of STS. On the basis of our staging system, different modalities of treatment for each grade of STS might be indicated; adequate surgery is essential for the prevention of local recurrence, which resulted in reduced mortality in patients with low-grade STS. For high-grade STS, the prevention of distant metastasis by combined extensive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy may make long-term survival possible.     

现代影像诊断学在累犯血管的软组织肉瘤外科治疗中的应用

目的:探讨现代影像学在软组织肉瘤累犯血管的诊断价值和对外科治疗的指导意义.方法:4例软组织肉瘤手术前、后均行影像学检查.结果:平均随访6个月,肿瘤无复发.现代影像学诊断血管被侵犯后的手术干预率为87.5%.结论:CT、MRI、DSA对诊断软组织肉瘤是否侵犯血管有重要价值,并能评价受累程度,从而指导外科治疗.     

Multifactorial analysis of the survival of patients with distant metastasis arising from primary extremity sarcoma

BACKGROUND: Despite optimal multimodality limb-sparing therapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS), a significant number of patients develop distant metastasis. The objective of this study was to analyze patterns of metastatic disease and define prognostic factors for survival in a large group of patients followed prospectively at a single institution. METHODS: Between July 1, 1982, and June 30, 1996, all adult patients admitted to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with primary extremity sarcoma were treated and prospectively followed. Patients who developed distant metastases constituted the study group. Prognostic factors were analyzed for postmetastasis survival. These included both factors related to the primary tumor and factors related to the pattern of metastasis. Postmetastasis survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical significance was evaluated using the log rank test for univariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, the authors admitted and treated 994 patients with primary extremity STS. The median follow-up was 33 months. Distant metastasis developed in 230 patients (23%). Median survival after distant metastasis was 11.6 months. The lungs were the first metastatic site in 169 patients (73%). Other first sites of metastasis included the skin and soft tissues of the head and neck, trunk, and extremities. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with pulmonary and those with nonpulmonary metastatic disease. In multivariate analysis, resection of metastatic disease, the length of the disease free interval, the presence of a preceding local recurrence, and patient age > 50 years all were significant predictors of postmetastasis survival. Other factors that defined the primary tumor, including histologic grade, depth, and microscopic margins, were not associated with postmetastasis survival. CONCLUSIONS: Despite optimal multimodality therapy, 23% of the patients in this series with primary extremity sarcoma developed distant metastasis. Median survival after metastasis was approximately 1 year. After metastasis, the independent favorable factors that are associated with patient survival include resection of the metastases, a long disease free interval, the absence of preceding local recurrence, and patient age < 50 years. Although a definitive conclusion regarding the benefit of resection can be made only with a randomized clinical trial, these data suggest that resection of metastatic STS may contribute to patient survival, which in some cases may be long term.