Effect of chlormadinone acetate on sleep arterial oxygen desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Twelve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied in order to evaluate the effect of chlormadinone acetate (CMA), a potent synthetic progesterone, on the degree of hypoxemia during sleep. In patients designated as "correctors," in whom an increase in minute ventilation (VI) during wakefulness was brought about mainly by an increase in tidal volume (VT) and PaCO2 was effectively decreased by the administration of CMA, this agent also proved to be effective during sleep, with hypoxemia improved during both NREM and REM sleep. On the other hand, in patients called "noncorrectors" in whom a decrease in PaCO2 was not seen during wakefulness with CMA, there was also no effect during sleep. These results indicate that CMA is effective in certain selected patients with COPD.     

Familial aspects of ventilatory control in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

To determine whether abnormal chemical drives to breathe in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) antedate the development of chronic CO2 retention, we measured ventilatory and P0.1 responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 14 such patients and 23 of their normal adult offspring. Hypoxic responses in the patients were positively correlated with the mean hypoxic responses of their offspring. Neither the hypercapnic responses nor the resting breathing patterns of the patients were related to those of their offspring. Hypoxic response was lower in offspring of hypercapnic patients than in offspring of normocapnic patients. Blunt hypoxic responses in patients with COPD are influenced by familial factors and may represent a premorbid "risk factor" in the development of CO2 retention in this disease. This does not appear to be true for hypercapnic response or breathing pattern.     

Effect of medroxyprogesterone on ventilatory control and pulmonary gas exchange in chronic obstructive patients

Chronic obstructive hypercapnic patients were monitored for blood gases and breathing pattern, before, during and after a 7-day treatment with 75 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone (MPA). In 9 out of the 15 patients the PaCO2 level decreased (+/- 8 mm Hg) significantly with return to nearly control values at stop. 4 subjects still continued to improve after cessation of therapy and were considered as not being stable. In 2 patients PaCO2 did not change. We were unable to find any significant difference between the control values of these three categories. The study of the breathing pattern in responsive subjects showed an increase in minute ventilation and tidal volume, with a small increase in mean inspiratory flow and no change in inspiratory time as a function of total respiratory cycle time. We conclude that MPA lowers the PaCO2 of hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients through an increased tidal volume, which could result from an increased central nervous inspiratory output, or from better mechanical performance of the respiratory muscles due to the same central stimulation.     

Effect of negative pressure ventilation on ventilatory muscle endurance in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

We studied five men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean age, 65 +/- SEM 2 yr; FEV1, 0.68 +/- 0.08 L; and FEV1/FVC, 38 +/- 2%) to determine the relationship between ventilatory muscle endurance (VME) and ventilatory muscle rest (VMR) elicited by negative-pressure ventilation (NPV). VME was measured as the maximal sustainable ventilation (MSVC) that the subjects could maintain for 12 min. Prior to therapy, MSVC for the subjects was 25.0 +/- 3.6 L/min. During the therapy phase, subjects received 4 wk of daily "in-hospital-supervised" NPV therapy (4 h/day). While subjects received therapy, we quantified VMR by (1) the percentage of breaths that were "in synchrony" and by (2) the percentage of breaths showing "turn-off" of the diaphragmatic EMG signal (EMGdl). During the therapy sessions, 93 +/- 2% of breaths were in synchrony, whereas 66 +/- 11% showed EMGdl turn-off. During post-therapy testing, an increase in MSVC was noted in each of the subjects; the mean increase was 4.0 +/- 1.3 L/min (p less than 0.05), which represented an increase of 16 +/- 4% over pretherapy values. Increases in MSVC were highly correlated with both the percentage of in-synchrony breaths (r = 0.96, p less than 0.01) and the percentage of breaths showing EMGdl turn-off (r = 0.92, p less than 0.02). However, NPV therapy elicited no other improvements in either clinical or laboratory measurements. Moreover, patients exhibited marked dyspnea with initiation and termination of daily NPV therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者炎症细胞因子与肺通气功能的相关研究

目的　探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者肺通气功能改变与炎症因子变化之间的关系。方法　稳定期COPD和慢性支气管炎 (简称慢支 )患者各 8例 ,,另有 8名健康者作为对照 ,进行肺功能检查 ,并经支气管肺泡灌洗获取肺泡巨噬细胞进行培养 ,采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)方法测定大肠杆菌内毒素 (LPS)刺激后上清液中白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、IL 1β、IL 6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的浓度 ,细胞因子之间相关性采用Pearson相关阵分析 ,肺功能值与细胞因子相关性采用多元后退回归法分析。结果　 (1)肺泡巨噬细胞释放IL 8:加入LPS后COPD组为 [(43± 2 7) μg/L和 (5 7± 41) μg/L],与正常对照组 [(13± 10 ) μg/L和 (2 0± 13 ) μg/L) ]比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;与慢支组 [(2 9± 2 1)μg/L和 (3 2± 2 3 ) μg/L]比较差异有显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )加入LPS前、后 ,COPD组、慢支组和正常对照组肺泡巨噬细胞释放IL 1β分别为 [(5 0± 41)ng/L、(94± 5 9)ng/L、(3 7± 3 2 )ng/L、(2 2 5± 10 8)ng/L、(15 3± 175 )ng/L、(70± 3 7)ng/L],与IL 8的释放呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;三组肺泡巨噬细胞在LPS刺激后释放TNF α分别为 [(12 3 8± 679)ng/L、(3 0 88± 2 879)ng/L、(13 3 2± 1846)ng/L],与IL 1β呈正相     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动能力与通气效率的相关性分析

目的:通过分析二氧化碳通气当量和运动能力的关系,探讨稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者运动中通气效率与最大运动能力的相关性。方法:选取54例稳定期COPD患者,行运动心肺功能测试,实时监测摄氧量(VO2)、分钟通气量(VE)和二氧化碳排出量(VCO2),根据公式:EqCO2=VE/VCO2计算得出静态二氧化碳通气当量(EqCO2rest)、无氧阈时二氧化碳通气当量(EqCO2at)和最大运动状态下的二氧化碳通气当量(EqCO2max)。结果:1.EqCO2rest、EqCO2at及EqCO2max呈递减趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。2.EqCO2at与最大摄氧量(VO2max)(r=-0.294,P<0.05)、EqCO2max与VO2max(r=-0.301,P<0.05)均呈负相关;EqCO2rest与最大摄氧量占预计值的百分比(VO2max/Pred)呈负相关(r=-0.345,P<0.05)。3.肺功能GOLD 3级患者(21例)的VO2max(15.99±3.39)mL·min-1·kg-1明显低于GOLD 2级患者(25例)的VO2max[(18.88±5.36)mL·min-1·kg-1,P=0.038]。两组的EqCO2rest、EqCO2at及EqCO2max差异无统计学意义。结论:稳定期COPD患者运动中通气效率呈进行性下降趋势,这可能是导致其运动能力下降的重要因素之一。     

Effect of salmeterol on the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This study examined the effects of bronchodilator-induced reductions in lung hyperinflation on breathing pattern, ventilation and dyspnoea during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Quantitative tidal flow/volume loop analysis was used to evaluate abnormalities in dynamic ventilatory mechanics and their manipulation by a bronchodilator. In a randomised double-blind crossover study, 23 patients with COPD (mean +/- SEM forced expiratory volume in one second 42 +/- 3% of the predicted value) inhaled salmeterol 50 microg or placebo twice daily for 2 weeks each. After each treatment period, 2 h after dose, patients performed pulmonary function tests and symptom-limited cycle exercise at 75% of their maximal work-rate. After salmeterol versus placebo at rest, volume-corrected maximal expiratory flow rates increased by 175 +/- 52%, inspiratory capacity (IC) increased by 11 +/- 2% pred and functional residual capacity decreased by 11 +/- 3% pred. At a standardised time during exercise, salmeterol increased IC, tidal volume (VT), mean inspiratory and expiratory flows, ventilation, oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide output. Salmeterol increased peak exercise endurance, VO2 and ventilation by 58 +/- 19, 8 +/- 3 and 12 +/- 3%, respectively. Improvements in peak VO2 correlated best with increases in peak VT; increases in peak VT and resting IC were interrelated. The reduction in dyspnoea ratings at a standardised time correlated with the increased VT. Mechanical factors play an important role in shaping the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bronchodilator-induced lung deflation reduced mechanical restriction, increased ventilatory capacity and decreased respiratory discomfort, thereby increasing exercise endurance.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者疾病认知状况206例调查分析

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者对疾病的自我认知和管理对于延缓疾病进展十分重要,是COPD综合防治的重要组成部分。本研究旨在调查COPD患者对COPD基本知识的认知程度,为进一步在辽宁地区普及COPD相关知识和提高人们对COPD的     

Role of ventilatory drive in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The ventilatory drive is affected by several factors such as chemosensitivity, basal arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide tension, mechanical impedance, and respiratory muscle dysfunction. Blunted ventilatory drive or a decrease in the perception of dyspnea in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could lead to a decrease in the alarm reaction to dangerous situations such as severe airway obstruction, severe hypoxemia, or severe hypercapnia. This could delay management and treatment, causing an increase in the morbidity and mortality of patients with bronchial asthma and COPD. The ventilatory drive to chemical stimuli can be altered by a beta-2-agonist, oxygen administration; and lung volume reduction, and an increased dyspnea sensation may be improved by corticosteroid, chest wall vibration, or lung volume reduction. The ventilatory drive has been found to play a key role in determining the severity of asthma and COPD.     

肺通气功能在慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断中的应用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种慢性进展性的呼吸系统疾病,肺功能在COPD诊断中金标准的地位已毋庸置疑,但在早期诊断方面,国内外存在着数条标准并行的混乱情况.本文重点比较和分析各种COPD诊断标准中所使用的肺通气功能指标的异同,以及应用不同诊断标准对诊断的影响.     

抑郁对COPD患者运动能力影响的研究

目的探讨抑郁对COPD患者运动能力影响的研究。方法选取COPD患者91例,明确抑郁或者非抑郁患者80例,根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分分为对照组和抑郁组,进行6分钟步行试验,在实验开始5min和实验结束2min后检测患者的心率、血压、呼吸频率和Borg指数,计算患者在规定的时间内所步行的距离。结果对照组患者和抑郁组患者实验前的各项指标如差异均如性别比例、年龄分布、BMI、FEV1、FVC、FEV1／FVC两组间的差异均无统计学意义（t值分别为0．050、1．416、1．721、0．041、0．089、0．028,P值均〉0．05）;对照组和抑郁组患者在实验后心率、收缩压、呼吸频率和Borg指数的差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为6．814、18．531、7．694、2．848,P值均〈0．05）;对照组患者组内实验前和实验后的心率、收缩压和Borg指数的差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为16．715、4．169、3．138,P值均〈20．05）;抑郁组患者组内实验前和实验后的心率、收缩压、呼吸频率和Borg指数的差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为21．163、8．372、5．619、19．174,P值均〈0．05）;步行距离两组间的差异具有统计学意义（t=24．851,P〈0．05）。结论抑郁会对COPD患者运动能力造成明显的影响,在临床治疗上,心理治疗需要引起重视。     

肺移植对5例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响

目的研究单肺移植手术治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)对呼吸生理及肺功能的影响。方法5例患者均为Ⅳ级COPD男性患者,年龄51～63岁。术前2周测定患者用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC、最大通气量(MVV)、残气容积(RV)、肺总量(TLC)、残总比(RV/TLC)、深吸气量(IC)、胸腔气体容积(TGV)、呼气峰流量(PEF)、总气道阻力(Rawtotal)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)、每升肺泡容积肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO/V·A)、6分钟行走距离(6MWD)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、肺泡气动脉血氧分压差[P(Aa)O2]、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及平均肺动脉压(mPAP)等参数。术后2个月再行上述测定。结果5例患者术前2周、术后2个月检测的参数为MVV(23.6±5.8)、(71.6±21.8)L,FEV1(0.68±0.21)、(1.85±0.46)L,FEV1/FVC(37.4±8.3)、(75.6±13.9)%,PaO2(60.0±9.1)、(86.2±2.9)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),SaO2(90.0±4.6)%、(96.8±0.5)%及mPAP(31.2±5.5)、(16.6±1.8)mmHg,均有显著改善(P均<0.05);3例患者IC[(1.16±0.26)、(1.83±0.35)L]、TGV[(6.52±0.27)、(4.52±0.29)L]、RV[(5.12±0.39)、(3.20±0.32)L]、RV/TLC[(71.0±5.6)、(51.3±2.5)%]及Rawtotal[(6.62±0.99)、(2.48±0.87)cmH2O·L-1·s-1]改善显著(P均<0.05);4例患者PEF[(1.65±0.40)、(3.92±1.63)L/s]、DLCO[(8.5±3.0)、(21.0±6.2)ml·min-1·mmHg-1]及6MWD[(46.8±14.7)、(246.8±51.9)m]也显著增加(P均<0.05);FVC[(1.85±0.40)、(2.45±0.49)L]、TLC[(7.19±0.15)、(6.26±0.73)L]、DLCO/V·A[(2.90±1.50)、(5.41±0.87)L·min-1·mmHg-1]、P(Aa)O2[(37.6±16.3)、(17.8±6.3)mmHg]及PaCO2[(44.6±7.7)、(37.4±3.4)mmHg]有所改善,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论COPD患者肺移植术后肺通气、气道阻力、残气、弥散、运动耐力及气体交换功能均明显改善。     

肺呼吸康复治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用研究

目的 分析探讨肺呼吸康复治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用效果.方法 选择2018年1月至2020年3月间收治的80例慢阻肺稳定期患者,随机分为常规治疗组和肺呼吸康复治疗组.常规治疗组予以常规治疗,肺呼吸康复治疗组在常规治疗基础上,采用呼吸训练器进行吸气和呼气训练.观察比较两组患者出院随访4周后的肺功能、生活质量...     

Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective

To evaluate an entirely outpatient-based program of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, using St.George’s Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), the 6-minutes walking test (6-MWT) and BODE index as the primary outcome measures.

Methods

A prospective, parallel-group controlled study of an outpatient rehabilitation program in 80 patients with COPD (67 men and 13 women; mean age 64.8 ± 10.6 years; FEV₁, 42.8% ± 7.6% of the predicted value. The active group (n = 40) took part in a 14-week rehabilitation program [3 h/wk, 1.5 h of education and exercise and 1.5 h of cycling]. The control group (n = 40) was reviewed routinely as medical outpatients. The following evaluations were carried out at study entry and after14 weeks: (1) pulmonary function studies; (2) 6-minutes walking test 6MWT; (3) quality of life; and (4) BODE index.

Results

The following patients completed the study: 35 patients (87.5%) from the active group (mean age, 63.7 ± 11.9 years; mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), 41.9 ± 2.6% of the predicted value); and 36 patients (88%) from the control group (mean age, 65.9 ± 10.3 years; mean FEV₁, 43.33 ± 3.6% of the predicted value). We found no changes in pulmonary function parameters in the active group and the control one at 14weeks. On the other hand, there were significant changes within the components of the SGRQ (12.3 for the score total) for the patients of the active group but not for the patients of the control one (only 1.5 for the score total), we observed also a significant increase in the distance of the 6-MWT in the patients of the active group but not for the patients of the control one, and finally a decrease of two points (from 6 to 4) was noted in the score of the active group’s BODE index without any change in the control group’s one.

Conclusion

An outpatient-based of 14-week rehabilitation program significantly improved the quality of life and exercise tolerance without any change in the pulmonary function in patients with moderate COPD, and there was also a large decrease in the risk of death in rehabilitated patients as measured using the BODE index.