Follow-up after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To report on the follow-up of patients who received an intravitreal high-dosage injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) as treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS: The clinical interventional case-series study included 109 eyes (90 patients) with diffuse diabetic macular edema who consecutively received an IVTA of about 20 mg. Mean follow-up was 11.2 +/- 6.2 months. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved significantly (p<0.001) from 0.89 +/- 0.33 logMAR to a best minimum of 0.65 +/- 0.35 logMAR. An increase in best visual acuity by at least 1 Snellen line, 2 lines, and 3 lines was found in 91 (83%) eyes, 68 (62%) eyes, and 45 (41%) eyes, respectively. Differences in visual acuity between baseline and follow-up examinations were significant for measurements performed at 1 month (p<0.001), 2 months (p<0.001), 3 months (p<0.001), and at 6 months (p=0.001) after the injection. At 9 months after the injection, mean visual acuity regressed significantly so that visual acuity at 9 months (p=0.83) and at 12 months after the injection (p=0.58) compared with baseline values did not differ significantly. Forty-seven (43%) eyes developed a rise in intraocular pressure (pressure >21 mmHg) for 6 to 8 months after the injection. No other severe complications were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of a visual acuity increase and intraocular pressure rise after high-dosage IVTA in diffuse diabetic macular edema is about 6 to 8 months. Compared with data in the literature, the high-dosage IVTA may not have a markedly higher profile of side effects than low-dosage IVTA.     

Pseudohypopyon after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE: To report pseudohypopyon after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for cystoid macular edema. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. METHODS: Records were reviewed of all patients who developed pseudohypopyon after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 2002 and February 1, 2004. RESULTS: A total of 828 intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections were administered to 686 patients during the study period. A pseudohypopyon (fine white crystalline opacities in the inferior anterior chamber angle) and suspended white crystalline opacities in the aqueous humor developed after 7 of the 828 injections (0.8%); all pseudohypopyons occurred within 3 days of injection and resolved completely within 2 weeks. None of the 686 patients developed clinically suspected infectious endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: A transient pseudohypopyon may occur in the early postinjection period after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Unless progressive intraocular inflammation occurs, close observational management is indicated.     

Macular function by multifocal electroretinogram in diabetic macular edema after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess macular function by multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection. METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with DME scheduled for 4 mg IVTA injection were prospectively recruited. The response to treatment was monitored functionally by visual acuity (VA) measurement and mfERG and anatomically by foveal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The first-order kernel P1 mfERG responses from 0 to 7 degrees (central) and 7 to 25 degrees (peripheral) were grouped and analyzed. Changes in functional parameters (VAs and the P1 mfERG response amplitudes and peak latencies) and morphometric parameters (OCT foveal thickness) in eyes with DME 1 and 3 months after IVTA injection were compared with baseline values by Student t test. RESULTS: The mean baseline logMAR value for VAs of the patients before treatment was 0.49+/-0.26. After treatment, it was 0.27+/-0.23 at 1 month and 0.26+/-0.18 at 3 months, and differences from pretreatment values were significant (for each, p<0.001). There were statistically significant decreases in the mean foveal thickness at 1 and 3 months after treatment compared with pretreatment values (for each, p<0.001). There were also statistically significant increases in the mean P1 response amplitude for both central and peripheral groups at all examinations compared with pretreatment (for each, p<0.001). The mean P1 peak latencies for both the central and peripheral groups were shortened, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: As well as the reduction in DME and improvement in VA, IVTA injection improves macular function as assessed by mfERG in diabetic patients.     

Macular function after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for diabetic macular oedema

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) on macular function in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Methods: Eleven eyes in 11 patients with DMO were enrolled. In each eye, at baseline and at 30 days after IVTA injection, logMAR visual acuity (VA), macular sensitivity, fixation stability and fixation location by MP‐1 microperimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) foveal thickness were assessed. Results: Thirty days after IVTA injection, eyes with DMO showed a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in foveal thickness and significant (p < 0.01) increases in logMAR VA and MP‐1 retinal sensitivity (p < 0.001). There was also significant (p = 0.046) improvement in fixation location and some improvement in fixation stability, although the latter was not significant (p = 0.08). Conclusions: In eyes with DMO, short‐term improvement in retinal sensitivity and fixation properties can be achieved by IVTA injection.     

曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的:研究曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿效果。方法:对35例37眼弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿患者随机分为两组单纯玻璃体腔曲安奈德注射组及联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗组,其中光凝组在注药后1mo行黄斑部格栅样光凝,分别对比各组治疗前及治疗后1,3,6mo视力及黄斑厚度进行统计分析。结果:单纯曲安奈德注射组注药后1,3mo视力分别为0.28±0.19、0.22±0.14较注射前视力0.15±0.13提高,有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后6mo视力为0.17±0.10与治疗前视力无统计差异(P>0.05),黄斑厚度注药后1,3,6mo分别为231.82±61.02μm、255.12±92.66μm、349.06±116.19μm均较注药前469±136.60μm减轻(P<0.01),但治疗后6mo较3mo黄斑厚度明显增加有统计学意义(P<0.01),提示黄斑水肿复发;联合治疗组注药后1,3,6mo视力为0.27±0.17、0.25±0.15,0.23±0.13,与治疗前视力0.14±0.11对比均明显提高(P<0.01),黄斑厚度治疗后1,3,6mo分别为245.68±74.85μm、257.36±79.44μm、276.57±99.64μm较治疗前黄斑厚度473.33±123.22μm显著减轻(P<0.01),但6mo与3mo黄斑厚度对比无显著增加(P>0.05)。观察期间29%患眼出现眼压升高,经局部降眼压药物治疗后得到控制。结论:曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿,能减轻黄斑水肿,提高患者视力,但仍需进一步长期临床观察。     

Regression of serous macular detachment after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in patients with diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on serous macular detachment in eyes with diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: The study population comprised twenty eyes of 20 patients with diabetic macular edema (12 men, eight women), aged 48 to 76 years. The eligibility criteria for this study included clinically detectable macular edema in which the presence of serous macular detachment was documented by optical coherence tomography. After intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml (4 mg) triamcinolone acetonide, visual and anatomic responses were observed. RESULTS: In all eyes, after an injection of triamcinolone acetonide, macular edema and serous macular detachment regressed. At 3 and 6 months, macular edema and serous macular detachment had recurred in eight (40%) and nine eyes (45%), respectively. Patients with recurrence were re-treated. No eyes lost vision at 1 month, and all eyes showed improvement. At 3 months, no eyes had lost vision from baseline, and 17 eyes (85%) showed improvement. At 6 months, again no eyes had lost vision from baseline, and 16 eyes (80%) maintained improved visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide is an effective treatment for serous macular detachment in patients with diabetic macular edema.     

Two-year results of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema

Purpose To investigate 2-year results of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema unresponsive to previous laser photocoagulation. Method The study included 75 eyes of 75 diabetic patients with clinically significant diffuse macular edema that had failed to respond to previous laser photocoagulation. An intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide at the dose of 4 mg/0.1 ml was administered. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), and central macular thickness was obtained by optical coherence tomography at each visit. Intraocular pressure and lenticular status were also evaluated. Differences among measurements were evaluated by Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks. Mean follow-up period was 24.7 ± 5.9 months. Results The mean central macular thickness, which was obtained 3 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months postoperatively, was significantly different from the baseline measurement (P < 0.001). Mean best-corrected logMAR visual acuity improved significantly from baseline at the 1- month and 3-month follow-up intervals (P < 0.05), but there was no significant change at the 6- month, 9-month, 12-month, 18-month or 24-month follow-up periods (P > 0.05). During the follow-up, 29 (38.7%) eyes received re-injection of intravitreal triamcinolone. Twenty-one (28%) eyes developed intraocular pressure values higher than 21 mmHg, and 18 (24%) eyes developed cataract. Thirteen (17.3%) eyes required cataract and/or glaucoma surgery. Conclusions In refractory diabetic macular edema, intravitreal triamcinolone effectively reduces foveal thickness and improves visual acuity in the short term, but with the extended follow-up, the number of recurrences and steroid-related complications were shown to increase. Nevertheless, it may be a therapeutic option in some patients that do not respond to previous laser photocoagulation.     

Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide following vitrectomy for macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) response after intravitreal injections of different doses of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) upon completion of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, consecutive, comparative, interventional case series. Twenty-seven eyes of 25 consecutive patients with macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy (n=18) or retinal vein occlusion (n=9), who underwent PPV for the treatment of macular edema between January 2003 and December 2003, were included. Upon completion of vitrectomy, different doses of TA were injected into the vitreous cavity: 14 eyes with 5 mg of TA (group 1) and 13 eyes with 10 mg of TA (group 2). The main outcome measure was IOP. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. Preoperative IOP was 12.6+/-2.6 mm Hg (mean+/-standard deviation) in group 1 and 13.2+/-2.1 mm Hg in group 2. Postoperatively, IOP increased to a mean maximum of 20.6+/-5.5 mm Hg in group 1 and 31.5+/-3.5 mm Hg in group 2 (P<0.01 for both groups). The difference between groups was also significant (P<0.05). Five of 14 eyes (36%) in group 1 and 10 of 13 eyes (77%) in group 2 had an elevation of IOP exceeding 21 mm Hg (P=0.03). The median interval from surgery to reach maximal IOP was 7 days in both groups. The significant IOP elevation lasted for 3 months in group 1 and 6 months in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: After injecting of TA into the vitreous cavity upon completion of PPV for macular edema, a dose-dependent IOP elevation was observed, starting from early postoperative days and returning to normal values after several months. These results show that intravitreal TA injection in the vitrectomized eyes might have different IOP changes from in the nonvitrectomized eyes.     

玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床疗效观察

目的评价玻璃体内注射曲安奈德（TA）治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析自2011年12月至2013年3月在我院眼科确诊的68例（84只眼）糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿患者,行玻璃体腔内注射TA（40 mg/l）0.1 ml,随访3-15个月,平均8.9个月,观察BCVA、眼压、晶状体、炎症反应,OCT检测黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,FFA检查观察黄斑部毛细血管渗漏情况。结果 68例（84只眼）患者治疗后视力均有不同程度提高,黄斑水肿减轻。治疗后1、2、3个月平均视力分别为0.39±0.17、0.47±0.20、0.37±0.18,与治疗前平均视力0.19±0.13比较,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为4.482、5.733、4.051,P﹤0.05）。黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度分别为（198.12±28.94）μm、（183.66±24.66）μm、（225.96±50.90）μm,与治疗前平均视力（596.35±127.37）μm比较,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为15.253、15.934、13.227,P﹤0.05）。FFA检查显示治疗后荧光渗漏明显减少。9例（9只眼）眼压≥21 mm Hg,其中1例（1只眼）为34.2 mm Hg。5例（7只眼）4-7个月后黄斑水肿复发。2例（2只眼）8个月、12个月后晶状体后囊混浊明显。无感染发生。结论玻璃体腔内注射TA能有效改善糖尿病性黄斑水肿,提高视力,但部分患眼出现黄斑水肿复发、眼压升高,部分出现晶状体混浊加重。     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的通过对玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德(TriamcinoloneacetonideTA)治疗糖尿病视网膜病变所致黄斑水肿临床结果的分析,评价此种疗法的有效性,安全性。方法15例经眼底检查,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查确诊的糖尿病黄斑水肿的患者15眼接受玻璃体腔注射40mg/ml曲安奈德0.1ml治疗,随访时间最少3m,最长6m,研究对象包括接受治疗前与治疗后1w,1m,3m和最终随访的最佳校正视力、眼压,接受治疗前与治疗后1m的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)结果。结果接受治疗前最佳校正视力与治疗后1w,1m,3m和最终随访的最佳校正视力相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),接受治疗前黄斑区视网膜厚度与治疗后1m相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德可以在短期内改善糖尿病视网膜病变所致黄斑水肿患者的视力,加速视网膜下液的吸收,是一种有效的治疗方法。但其长期的治疗效果及临床应用的安全性,反复注射时机的掌握还需要进一步的研究。     

曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿

目的观察玻璃体腔内曲安奈德（triamcinolone acetonide，TA）注射治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿（diabetic macular edema，DME）的疗效并进行分析。方法21例29眼DME患者玻璃体腔内注射4mg TA，治疗前后均行视力、眼压、裂隙灯、荧光素眼底血管造影和光学相干断层扫描检查。治疗前视力手动-0．3，黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度283—941μm，视网膜厚度均值为（547．19±162.35）μm。随访3—6个月，对视力和视网膜厚度进行配对t检验。结果治疗后平均视力为0，35±0．27，3个月时最佳矫正视力可达0．9。视力提高3行以上者23眼，提高3行以内者5眼，不变者1眼。与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。视网膜厚度平均值为（301．27±165．89）μm，与治疗前相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。因3个月后黄斑水肿复发，再次注药者5眼。无玻璃体出血、视网膜脱离和眼内炎等严重并发症。结论TA 4mg玻璃体腔内注射可以减轻DME，是一种有效可行的方法。对黄斑水肿复发的患者可考虑玻璃体腔内重复注药。但其远期疗效和并发症需进一步观察。[眼科新进展2007；27（3）：201-203]     

Flare levels after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab,aflibercept, or triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To evaluate anterior flare intensity (AFI) and central retinal thickness (CRT) values after intravitreal injection of aflibercept...     

Laser photocoagulation combined with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate therapeutic effects and usefulness of a combination treatment of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with clinically significant macular edema secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: Visual acuity test, fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were taken in 20 patients (20 eyes) of macular edema and PDR. A combination of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and PRP was performed in 10 patients (10 eyes) and a combination of focal or grid laser photocoaqulation and PRP in the remaining 10 eyes. The postoperative outcomes were compared between the two combination treatments by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tonometry, fluorescein angiography, and OCT at 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 3 months. RESULTS: Average BCVA (log MAR) significantly improved from preoperative 0.56-/+0.20 to 0.43-/+0.08 at 1 month (P=0.042) and it was maintained until 3 months after a combination of IVTA and PRP in 10 eyes (P=0.007). The thickness of fovea decreased from average 433.3-/+114.9 micrometer to average 279.5-/+34.1 micrometer at 2 weeks after combined treatment of IVTA and PRP (P=0.005), which was significantly maintained until 3 months, but there was a transient visual disturbance and no significant difference in thickness of the fovea before and after treatment in the groups with PRP and focal or grid laser photocoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of IVTA and PRP might be an effective treatment modality in the treatment of macular edema and PDR and prevent the subsequent PRP-induced macular edema result in visual dysfunction. In combination with PRP, IVTA might be more effective than focal or grid laser photocoagulation and PRP for reducing diabetic macular edema and preventing aggravation of macular edema without transient visual disturbance in patients requiring immediate PRP.     

玻璃体腔注射改良低剂量曲安奈德治疗白内障术后黄斑囊样水肿

目的：探讨玻璃体腔注射改良低剂量曲安奈德(TA)治疗白内障术后黄斑囊样水肿(PCME)的疗效。

方法：回顾性分析。选取2015-01/2018-12于我院就诊的典型PCME 患者12例12眼行玻璃体腔注射改良低剂量TA。通过0.22μm的滤膜将TA 混悬液置换成眼内灌注液,取置换后的TA溶液2mg/0.05mL注射。观察注药后2wk,1、3、6mo的最佳矫正视力、黄斑中央厚度、眼压、局部和全身并发症。

结果：与注射前比较,所有患者注药后视力均显著提高; 黄斑中央厚度显著减低(P<0.05), 而眼压无明显升高(P>0.05),所有患者均未观察到眼部及全身并发症。

结论：玻璃体腔注射改良低剂量TA治疗PCME安全、有效,克服了以往导致眼压升高的副作用,价格低廉,能够使患者受益。但尚需大宗病例的临床随机对照研究和长期疗效的随访观察。     

玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿

目的:观察玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿的疗效。方法:经检眼镜、光相干断层扫描及荧光素眼底血管造影检查证实的糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿患者25例(25眼),玻璃体腔内注射40g/L的曲安奈德0.1mL,随访6mo,对比观察治疗前后视力、眼压及黄斑区视网膜厚度变化。结果:治疗后1,3,6mo,平均视力分别为0.20±0.15,0.35±0.20,0.21±0.18,与治疗前的0.08±0.04相比,其差异具有统计学意义;黄斑区视网膜厚度分别为360.7±50.2,263.2±60.1,313.5±86.4μm,与治疗前的463.4±105.1μm相比,其差异具有统计学意义。结论:玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿短期内能有效改善黄斑水肿,提高视力,但其长期疗效和安全性需进一步研究。