Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with muscle and cytokeratin differentiation in the anaplastic component

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a biphasic tumour, comprising well-differentiated chondrosarcoma and an anaplastic non-cartilaginous sarcoma juxtaposed but distinct from each other. Two cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, one primary and one recurrent, demonstrated muscle differentiation when studied with monoclonal antibodies to muscle specific actin, desmin and myoglobin. One of the tumours was also positive for cytokeratin, identified by AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2 antibodies. Our findings are consistent with the concept that these tumours are capable of diverse patterns of morphological and immunophenotypic differentiation.     

去分化软骨肉瘤11例临床病理分析

目的探讨去分化软骨肉瘤的临床、影像学及病理学特点。方法收集11例去分化软骨肉瘤患者的临床及影像资料,对组织进行病理分析。结果患者以男性多见(7/11),平均年龄57.1岁,肿瘤多位于长管状骨及骨盆。影像学显示广泛的骨质破坏,病灶内可有钙化或骨化,病理性骨折3例。眼观:病理软骨成分常位于骨内,去分化肉瘤成分主要位于骨外。镜下包括高分化软骨肉瘤和低分化间叶源性肉瘤两种成分。随访材料中6例死亡,平均存活14个月。结论去分化软骨肉瘤检:呈少见的的软骨肉瘤亚型,去分化类型多样,只有加深对其的认识,才能提高诊断的准确率。     

肋骨去分化软骨肉瘤一例

患者男,75岁.15年前发现右前胸壁肿块,近1年余迅速增大,伴疼痛,于2008年3月10日入院.     

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component

A case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma arising in the femur with metastasis to the lung is described. On immunoperoxidase studies and electron microscopic examination, both the anaplastic soft tissue extension of this tumor in the hip and the metastatic lung nodule showed evidence of rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. This case represents the first documented case of a chondrosarcoma with differentiation into a rhabdomyosarcomatous component.     

Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma: An Ultrastructural Study of Two Cases,with Immunocytochemical Correlations

The clinicopathologic features of two cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DCS) are presented, in which anaplastic components showed the electron microscopic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, as well as immunoreactivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Rare cells also displayed S100 protein in high-grade areas of the primary tumors, but a pulmonary metastasis lacked this determinant. These findings could be interpreted as reflecting a retained potential for primitive chondrogensis in primary DCS, which may be lost in its metastases. In all other respects, this tumor appears to assume the morphological and immunocytochemical attributes of a fibrohistiocytic neoplasm.     

Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma: An Ultrastructural Study of Two Cases, with Immunocytochemical Correlations

The clinicopathologic features of two cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DCS) are presented, in which anaplastic components showed the electron microscopic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, as well as immunoreactivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Rare cells also displayed S100 protein in high-grade areas of the primary tumors, but a pulmonary metastasis lacked this determinant. These findings could be interpreted as reflecting a retained potential for primitive chondrogensis in primary DCS, which may be lost in its metastases. In all other respects, this tumor appears to assume the morphological and immunocytochemical attributes of a fibrohistiocytic neoplasm.     

Primary malignant mixed tumor of bone: a case report

Background: An extremely rare primary mixed tumor occurring in left proximal femurs of a 47-year old female is reported. Case report: She had left hip pain for three months in April 2004. Radiological examinations revealed that a translucent expansive lesion in the left greater trochanter. She received the curettage of lesion and bone graft surgery. Curettage specimens were diagnosed as malignant mixed tumor, considered to be metastatic. Five months late the lesion recurred. She underwent obturator neurotomy plus total hip replacement of left hip. A long-term of more than ten years follow-up showed there were no evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis and no any signs of other tumor in her body. Discussion: The tumor contained myoepithelial component with positive immunostain of S-100 protein, p63, CK-pan, and vimentin, epithelial component confirmed by CK-pan, CK-LMW and cartilage, which indicated the tumor was a mixed tumor. Cellular atypia, relative high mitosis index, cartilage consistent with grade I chordrosarcoma, focal coagulative necrosis, and infiltration between trabeculae found in the tumor indicated that the tumor had a low grade malignant nature. During long-time follow-up there were no signs of any tumor found in the patient, which strongly suggested that the tumor be a primary one.     

胫骨皮质旁软骨肉瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的：了解皮质旁软骨肉瘤的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断要点。方法：报道1例胫骨皮抽旁软骨肉瘤临床和病理改变，结合文献对该肿瘤的临床表现、病理形态学特征及诊断和鉴别诊断要点进行讨论。结果：皮质旁软骨肉瘤大体呈结节状，切面分叶状、瓷白色半透明，有砂砾感。镜下肿瘤主要为分化良好的透明软骨成分，由纤细的纤维束分割，或由化生的内小梁包裹，可见软骨内钙化和骨化，可见灶性区黏液变性，缺乏肿瘤性骨样基质，免疫组织化学标记显示肿瘤细胞Vim、S-100蛋白阳性，PCNA少数细胞阳性。结论：皮质旁软骨肉瘤是罕见的恶性程度较低的软骨肉瘤。     

Congenital mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with malignant transformation: An autopsy report

A rare autopsy case of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with malignant transformation is presented. The cyst had been located in the anterior mediastinum for at least 28 years in a 52 year old male. Chest X-ray findings showing rapid enlargement of the cyst and biopsy of the spine for lumbago made a clinical diagnosis as suspicious mediastinal cystic teratoma with malignant transformation metastasizing to the spine. Postmortem examination revealed that the cyst was located in the anterior mediastinum extending to the left pulmonary hilum and had no connection with the tracheo-bronchial tree. The cyst wall consisted of bronchus-like tissue including ciliated epithelium, hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle and mucoserous glands. There were no teratoma-tous components in the wall. Malignant tumor predominantly consisting of round cells occurred in the thickened cyst wall and grew into the cyst cavity with direct invasion of the lung and metastases to the liver, adrenal glands, bone marrow of the lumbar spine and lymph nodes. An immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells fmquently expressed cyto-keratin, epithelial membrane antigen and carcino-embryonic antigen, occasionally CA19–9, vimentin and neuron-specific enolase. From these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma arising in the mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.     

An autopsy case of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium

A report is presented of an autopsy case of a 71-year-old Japanoae man with a diffuse malignant epithelial mesothelioma of the pericardium with massive pericardlal effusion and a thickened perkardlum. He had no history of exposure to asbestos. He suffamd severe heart failure and later died. Autopsy revealed that tho tumor had developed over the pericardlum. Microscopically, the tumor cells were arranged In an epithelial form, and histochemically. the cytoplasm of these cells contained glycogen and hyaluronlc acid. The tumor tissue showed immunohlstochemical positivity for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentln, cancer antigen 125, thrombomodulin. mesothellal antigen, muscle actin and human milk fat globule. In contrast, all the tumor cells were negative for human carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial antigen. ultrastructurally. the tumor cells had long, thin microvilli, abundant lntermedlate filaments, intracyto-plasmic lumina and long deamosomes. It Is considered that the patient had a typical malignant epithelial mesothelioma of the pericardium.     

Critical reappraisal of primary osseous composite sarcoma (malignant mesenchymoma) – analysis of four cases and literature review

In accordance with recent terminology, it is proposed that malignant mesenchymoma should be renamed ‘composite sarcoma’ and defined as ‘a sarcoma composed of two or more cellular types each of which is sufficiently differentiated to permit clear recognition of its histogenetic type microscopically, immunohistochemically or ultrastructurally; excluding fibrosarcomatous and high‐grade pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcomatous component, dedifferentiated sarcoma and the combination of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma which is regarded as a single histogenetic type’. Four cases of primary osseous composite sarcoma (POCS) were identified among 928 primary bone sarcomas. Their age ranged from 10 to 87 years, peak incidence in the second decade with equal sex distribution. Most presented with pain, commonest in the knee, affecting the metaphysis, appearing radiologically as expansile infiltrative osteolytic lesions with cortical erosion, periosteal reaction, variable extent of osteoblastic areas and soft tissue extension. All contained variable amounts of conventional high‐grade osteosarcoma with or without chondrosarcoma component; the other constituents were liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. In all cases, Ki67 proliferative index was over 35%, there was no CDK4 and MDM2 amplification. The absence of low‐grade component supported the de novo origin of POCS rather than derivation from divergent dedifferentiation. The two older patients with hitherto undescribed osteoleiomyosarcoma died 2 and 10 months after operation, whereas the two younger with osteorhabdomyosarcoma and osteoliposarcoma enjoyed disease‐free survival at 16 and 6 years after chemotherapy despite the latter showing lung metastasis at presentation. Identification of the different lines of differentiation together with their approximate amounts and histological grades is therefore mandatory for POCS as multi‐agent chemotherapy catered for each sarcoma component might offer hope for long‐term disease‐free survival.     

骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤2例报道及文献复习

目的探讨骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤的临床病理学特征。方法对2例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤进行光镜观察及免疫组化染色标记,并通过相关文献复习,对病理诊断及鉴别诊断等指标进行分析。结果1例发生于足底,1例发生于乳腺。光镜下肿瘤呈分叶状,边界清。细胞为圆形及短梭形,成束状排列于黏液样基质中,局部可见围血管形成玫瑰花结样结构。部分肿瘤细胞异型性明显。免疫表型:vimentin、NSE、Syn均呈阳性;例1EMA灶性阳性,例2阴性;S-100蛋白、CgA及CK均阴性。结论骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤为罕见的软组织恶性肿瘤,具特异性的组织病理学特点。主要发生于四肢,少数可发生于实质器官,至今未有乳腺原发病例报道。部分肿瘤细胞可发生间变导致诊断困难,须与脊索瘤、骨内软骨肉瘤、化生性癌及黏液性肿瘤等鉴别。     

An autopsy case of a malignant pericardial mesothelioma in a Japanese young man

An autopsy case of a malignant pericardial mesothelioma in a 27-year-old man with no history of exposure to asbestos is reported. He was admitted for heart failure due to pericardial effusion of unknown origin and surgically drained, but later died. The diagnosis of a malignant pericardial mesothelioma was made on the basis of histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. The tumor was located on the pericardium, but autopsy revealed that it had spread extensively in the mediastinum and the lungs. Microscopically, the tumor cells were epithelial like and contained histochemically demonstrable glycogen and hyaluronic acid. Immunohistochemical studies of the tumor demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 19, muscle actin HHF35, epithelial membrane antigen, CA125, p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 whereas the tumor was negative for cytokeratins 10 and 17, carcinoembryonic antigen, vimentin, epithelial antigen BerEP4, S-100, c-erbB2 and bcl-2. A high MIB-1 labeling index was noted. Under the electron microscope the tumor cells exhibited long, thin villi. The operation and autopsy findings thus revealed this to be a very rare case of malignant pericardial mesothelioma in a young man.     

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with an inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like component presenting a leukemoid reaction

A rare case of dedifferentiated llposarcoma (well-differentiated llposarcoma with an inflammatory mallgnant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)-like anaplastlc component) occurrtng in a 69-year-old male is presented. The patient had noticed a dull pain in his left loin and thigh for about 1 month. Computed tomography examination revealed a low-density mass lesion, measuring about 6 cm In diameter, in the left lliopsoas muscie, and It was surgically removed. Grossly, the lesion was composed of an encapsulated, soft, whitish mass and an adjacent, well-demarcated, yellowish hard nodule, measuring about 2.5 cm In diameter. Microscopically, both lesions showed features of an inflammatory variant of MFH and a sclerosing type of well-differentiated liposarcoma, respectively. To our knowledge, only two cases of dedifferentiated liposarcoma combined with inflammatory MFH as a dedifferentiated component have been recorded in the literature. The salient feature of the present case is a systemic inflammatory reaction, as shown by prominent leukocytosis (up to 73 900/mm³) and the elevated serum value of C reactive protein (up to 26.0 mg/dL), which were transiently reduced after surgery. The Inflammatory reaction was suggested to be induced by cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6, which were probably produced by the tumor cells in the present case, because the elevated serum values of those cytokines were decreased after surgery.