食管癌组织中miRNA表达差异研究

目的探讨食管癌组织microRNA（miRNA）表达的差异,为研究miRNA在食管癌发生、发展中的作用提供新线索。方法 Trizol法抽提食管癌及癌旁组织总RNA,分离miRNA,采用基因芯片技术,将组织中miRNA与哺乳动物miRNA芯片杂交,采用图像软件和SAM version 2.1进行数据分析。结果与正常癌旁组织相比,有23个miRNAs在食管癌组织中有显著差异,包括18个上调和5个下凋。结论部分差异表达miRNAs可能参与食管癌癌变分子机制,为进一步探索提供思路。     

膀胱癌患者尿液外泌体中miRNA差异表达谱及其生物信息学分析

目的:通过检测及筛选膀胱癌患者及正常人尿液外泌体中差异性表达的miRNA,进行生物学分析,探讨miRNA在膀胱癌发病中的作用.方法:利用超高速离心法及Illumina高通量测序技术分离并检测5例膀胱癌患者及5例配对正常人尿液标本中外泌体miRNA的表达情况,构建其差异表达谱.对差异表达基因进行生物信息学分析,确定差异表...     

人脑胶质瘤中miRNA的差异表达与预后关系的Meta分析

目的:利用Meta分析方法对miRNA的差异表达与人脑胶质瘤预后的关系进行评价.方法:对中国知网数据库(CNKI)、超星数据库、Web of science、PubMed等进行检索.按照文献纳入和排除标准筛选入选文献,对文献质量进行评价,提取文献中相关数据资料,使用RevMan5.2.3对纳入文献进行Meta分析.结果:最终纳入7篇文献,共计901例脑胶质瘤研究对象,统计纳入文献的基本特征,QUADAS2 评价标准显示具有较高质量,纳入文献Egger和Begg检验结果显示未出现明显的发表偏倚,脑胶质瘤中miRNA的表达对患者总生存时间的合并风险比为1.65(95%CI:1.17~3.49,P<0.05).结论:miRNA的表达对脑胶质瘤患者预后评估具有较大的价值.     

血清miRNA作为结直肠癌患者诊断标志物的价值研究

[目的]探讨特征性血液miRNA作为结直肠癌诊断标志物的可行性.[方法]用miRNA的定量PCR芯片,从结直肠癌患者和健康对照者血清中筛选出候选的特征性miR-NA.再以线虫cel-39作为外参,采用相对定量法分析36例结直肠癌患者及25名健康对照者血清中候选miRNA表达情况.[结果]9条miRNA呈特征性表达,其中5条miRNA明显上调,4条明显下调;9条特征性表达的miRNA均得以验证.将9条特征性血清miRNA进行聚类分析,可见其能够清晰地将结直肠癌患者与健康对照者分为两类.采用ROC曲线分析发现被检测结直肠癌样本的曲线下面积(AUC)达0.934 (95％CI:0.877～0.992)(P＜0.001).[结论]miR-21等9条miRNA组合检测可作为结直肠癌诊断的生物标志物.     

乳腺癌患者血清差异表达蛋白分析

目的:检测乳腺癌（breast cancer,BC）患者的血清蛋白多肽图谱,分析乳腺癌患者与正常对照人群的蛋白表达差异,筛查其可作为潜在标记物的差异表达蛋白多肽。方法:采用液体芯片磁柱分离系统结合基质辅助激光解析电离化/飞行时间质谱（matrix assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight MS,MALDI-TOF MS）技术对50例病理确诊的早期乳腺癌患者和50例正常对照人群进行血清蛋白组分析。采用Clin Pro Tools软件进行蛋白多肽的组间差异对比。结果:在分子量范围1000-10000Da 共检测到78个蛋白多肽峰图,其中11个蛋白多肽峰图具有极显著差异（P<0.001）,它们中有5个蛋白多肽在乳腺癌患者中表达下调,其余6个蛋白多肽在乳腺癌患者中表达上调。其中,质核比（m/z）为: 4957.03 以及4600.01,在乳腺癌患者组与正常对照人群血清中为最大差异表达的蛋白多肽。结论:利用液体芯片－飞行时间质谱技术以及Clin Prot系统可捕获到丰富且稳定的乳腺癌患者血清蛋白多肽图谱并能筛选出多个组间显著差异表达的蛋白多肽,可作为乳腺癌临床辅助诊断的潜在疾病标志物。     

低剂量镉处理后大鼠睾丸差异表达基因的cDNA微阵列分析

背景与目的深入探讨睾丸镉毒性机制。材料与方法应用cDNA微阵列分析和实时定量PCR技术对低剂量镉处理后大鼠睾丸组织基因表达情况进行分析。结果UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶、血红素加氧酶、错配修复蛋白、T-激肽原和cal megin等基因与镉毒性相关,但作为产能的细胞器,线粒体呼吸链并未受到低剂量镉影响。另显示维生素C对镉毒性有明显的缓解作用。结论镉诱导毒性和致癌作用的影响可能涉及能量代谢、防御保护、DNA修复多个方面;维生素C能够明显降低镉对大鼠睾丸的毒性作用。     

大鼠闭合性脑损伤后不同脑区蛋白质表达的差异比较

目的研究大鼠脑损伤后大脑皮质、海马和脑干中蛋白质表达的特点及差异。方法56只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、手术对照组及损伤组,后者于损伤后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h和48 h不同时间取材观察。复制Marmarou’s落体打击脑损伤模型,应用弱阳离子交换芯片（WCX-2）和固定金属亲和吸附芯片（IMAC-Cu）结合表面增强激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术分析大鼠闭合性脑损伤后皮质、海马和脑干中蛋白质表达谱的变化。结果（1）在WCX-2芯片上,大脑皮质中共捕获404个蛋白质峰;海马中共捕获364个蛋白质峰;脑干中共捕获495个蛋白质峰。在IMAC-Cu芯片上,皮质中共捕获203个蛋白质峰;海马中共捕获345个蛋白质峰;脑干中共捕获107个蛋白质峰。（2）与手术对照组相比,损伤组大脑皮质在两种芯片上共有38个蛋白质峰的相对强度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;海马在两种芯片上共有49个蛋白质峰的相对强度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;脑干在两种芯片上共有27个蛋白质峰的相对强度有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论（1）脑损伤可引起不同脑区中蛋白质表达谱发生变化。（2）不同脑区蛋白质表达谱存在差异。     

黄曲霉毒素B1诱导的恶性转化肝细胞miRNA表达谱的变化

目的：检测黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）诱导的恶性转化肝L02细胞（L02T）的miRNA表达谱,寻找差异表达的miRNA。方法：以含有AFB1的培养液多次间歇性染毒L02细胞获得转化细胞L02T,通过miRNA芯片技术检测和分析对照L02和转化L02T细胞的miRNA表达谱;用实时荧光定量PCR方法对芯片结果加以验证;采用TargetScan软件预测miRNA可能调控的靶基因。结果：获得2组细胞856个miRNA的表达谱,在25个表达差异显著的miRNA中,15个表达上调,10个表达下调;用定量RT-PCR对芯片结果中表达差异的miR-320a、miR-638和miR-98进行验证,并对其中上调显著的miR-638进行生物信息学分析,预测到4个与肝癌相关的潜在靶基因。结论：在AFB1诱导的恶性转化肝L02细胞中筛查出25个表达差异显著的miRNA,差异表达的miRNA可能在细胞恶性转化过程中起重要作用。     

基因表达谱芯片胃癌差异表达基因的筛选

目的:利用基因表达谱芯片研究胃癌组织中差异表达的基因,从多基因角度研究胃癌发生的分子机制.方法:抽提6例胃癌组织和相应的癌旁组织的总RNA,反转录成cDNA同时进行标记.将标记的cDNA与基因表达谱芯片杂交,经过芯片的扫描和数据处理,分析出胃癌组织和癌旁组织之间差异表达的基因.结果:通过对胃癌组织和癌旁组织的基因表达谱的比较分析,发现在胃癌组织中表达差异＞2倍的基因共有696个,其中表达上调的基因318个,表达下调的基因378个.差异表达的基因主要参与信号转导、免疫反应和细胞运动等生物学过程.结论:胃癌组织与癌旁组织的表达谱存在较大差异,利用基因表达谱芯片可筛选出胃癌差异表达的基因,从而有利于在临床上对肿瘤的诊断和治疗.     

应用MALDI-TOF-MS检测原发性肝癌骨转移患者血清的多肽差异谱

目的:应用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)系统分析原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)骨转移患者血清多肽差异谱,寻找具有潜在诊断意义的血清分子标志物.方法:收集50例HCC骨转移患者和50例HCC未骨转移患者的血清,分成训练组(76例)和验证组(24例).所有样本分别经ClinProt磁珠纯化、MALDI-TOF-MS检测及ClinProTools软件进行血清多肽差异谱分析.应用液相色谱质谱联用的方法对差异多肽进行序列鉴定.应用径向基神经网络(radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)算法建立诊断模型,并对诊断模型进行单盲法实验验证.结果:HCC骨转移患者中,共获得10条差异有统计学意义[P (Wilcoxon-test)＜0.001]的多肽峰,并成功鉴定了其中7条肽段(质荷比分别为1 780.7、1 866.5、2 131.6、2 880.4、1 532.4、2 489.8和2 234.3)的氨基酸序列,这些肽段的来源蛋白分别为甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein)、凝血酶原(prothrombin)、丝甘蛋白聚糖(serglycin)、交联-α-胰蛋白酶抑制物H4重链异构体2(isoform 2 of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4)、自噬相关蛋白16-2异构体1(isoform 1 of autophagy-related protein 16-2)、转甲状腺素蛋白(transthyretin)和纤维蛋白β链(fibrinogen beta chain).选取2组间统计学差异最显著的6条多肽峰(质荷比分别为1 535.4、1 780.7、1 866.5、2 131.6、2 880.4和2 901.9)建立的诊断模型的识别率为89.47％,预测率为82.89％;单盲法验证模型的灵敏度为83％,特异度为92％.结论:筛选获得的差异血清多肽可能成为潜在的诊断HCC骨转移的分子标志物.     

Role of miRNAs in the progression of malignant melanoma

Analysis of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and function is an area of research that started only recently but has subsequently accelerated tremendously. This is because of the impressive impact of miRNA-mediated gene regulation and the obvious potential of those tiny RNA molecules in future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, recent progress to reveal the role of miRNAs in the tumourigenesis of malignant melanoma, as well as future prospects of melanoma-related miRNA research, will be addressed.     

Circulating miRNAs are correlated with tumor progression in prostate cancer

Circulating miRNAs have recently been indicated as practicable and promising biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis in various tumor entities. However, cell‐free miRNAs have not been found to correlate with clinicopathological variables in epithelial carcinomas. To learn more about the potential clinical relevance of circulating miRNAs in prostate cancer, we screened 667 miRNAs in serum samples from patients with metastatic (n = 7) and localized prostate cancer (n = 14). Various miRNAs were highly abundant in the sera of patients with metastatic disease, and five upregulated miRNAs (miRNA‐375, miRNA‐9*, miRNA‐141, miRNA‐200b and miRNA‐516a‐3p) were selected for further validation. In the first validation study (n = 45), selected miRNAs were analyzed in a prospectively collected serum set taken from different prostate cancer risk groups. Most of the selected miRNAs were significantly correlated with adverse risk factors when different clinicopathological variables were analyzed. Circulating miRNA‐375 and miRNA‐141 turned out to be the most pronounced markers for high‐risk tumors. Their levels also correlated with high Gleason score or lymph‐node positive status in a second independent validation study (n = 71). In addition, the expression levels of miRNA‐375 and miRNA‐141 were monitored in 72 prostate tissue samples (36 tumor vs. 36 benign). Both miRNAs were highly expressed in all samples and significantly upregulated in the tumors compared to normal tissues. Overall, our observations suggest that miRNA‐375 and miRNA‐141 expression is enhanced in prostate cancer specimens and their release into the blood is further associated with advanced cancer disease.     

Altered serum levels of elements in acute leukemia cases in Turkey

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare serum concentrations of some elements [zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co)] in acute leukemia patients with those of healthy subjects. Methods: The study group consisted of newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients and the controls were matched for socioeconomic stauts and eating habits. The elements levels in the patient group were measured before treatment with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The selection criteria for the patients and controls were the lack of recent blood transfusion history and taking any medication with mineral supplement. Results: The acute leukemia group composed of 42 patients and there were 40 persons in the control group. There was no difference between the age of the two groups (p=0.239). Serum levels of Zn, Mg and Mn were significantly lower with acute leukemia than in controls (p<0.001, p=0.011, p<0.001, respectively), while Cu, Pb and Cd were significantly elevated (p=0.003, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences regarding Co and Fe (p=0.323 and p=0.508, respectively) Conclusion: In this study, we found levels of Zn, Mg and Mn to be lowered and of Cu, Pb and Cd to be elevated in patients with leukemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these elements in pathogenesis of acute leukemia.     

萎缩性骨不连中miRNAs的异常表达与其靶基因的初步预测

目的筛选研究萎缩性骨不连断段修复组织中异常表达的microRNAs（miRNAs）,并对其可能的功能性靶基因进行预测分析。方法以萎缩性骨不连患者断端瘢痕组织（AN,3例）与正常骨折愈合后内固定钢板取出时钢板周围的骨痂组织（B组,3例）作为研究对象,采用Exiqon miRCURY^TM LNA microRNA芯片（11．0版）进行筛选分析,比较A组组织中是否存在异常表达的miRNAs,并采用浏览计算机预测数据库等生物信息学的方法预测其可能的靶基因,探寻miRNAs可能参与的萎缩性骨不连相关病理生理过程。结果A组相对B组有9种miRNAs发生1．5倍以上表达上调（hsa—miR-149,hsa—miR-221,hsa—miR-628—3p,hsa-miR-54—5p,以及5种hsa—miRPlus）,9种miRNAs发生1．5倍以上表达下调（hsa—let-7b＊,hsa—miR-220b,hsa—miR-513a-3p,hsa—miR-551a,hsa—miR-576-5p,hsa—miR-1236,kshv—miR—K12—6—5p,以及2种hsa—miRPlus）。生物信息学分析发现,表达异常的miRNAs与多数成骨基因存在作用靶点。结论萎缩性骨不连的断端修复组织存在miRNAs的异常表达,其靶基因包括BMP家族在内的众多成骨性基因。数种miRNAs,特别是4种上调的miRNAs（hsa-miR-149＊、hsa-miR-221、hsa-miR-628—3p和hsa—miR-654—5p）有可能在调控骨折向不愈合发展中具有重要作用。     

A review of computerized tomography in blunt abdominal trauma at Christchurch Hospital

A review was undertaken of computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen, performed between March 1993 and December 1994 for blunt abdominal trauma at Christchurch Hospital. CT findings were correlated with the clinical outcome. The outcome was either recovery from an abdominal point of view with or without laparotomy, or postmortem. A total of 116 CTs were reviewed, of which 76 were abnormal. CT was highly sensitive and specific for a variety of abdominal traumatic lesions. There were 1 false positive and 4 false negatives (only 2 of these significant). There was 1 non-therapeutic laparotomy based on CT findings. There was only 1 case of delayed treatment based on CT results. Three patients had unexplained findings of pneumoperitoneum. Care should be taken when interpreting the presence of free intraperitoneal air on CT scan. The possibility of missed bowel perforation should be considered, especially in the presence of free intra-abdominal fluid and no solid organ injury to account for it. CT scans are useful in the conservative management of solid organ injuries.     

Rupture of the renal pelvis of a ureteropelvic junction hydronephrosis after blunt abdominal trauma

In the present case report, we present the unusual occurrence of traumatic rupture of a ureteropelvic junction hydronephrosis, and discuss the potential mechanisms producing such a rupture and the management options.     

Blunt abdominal trauma: Comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography in a district general hospital

Ultrasonography has been proposed as a screening method for blunt abdominal trauma, but its specific role in comparison with other diagnostic modalities has yet to be defined. The aim of the present retrospective study was to compare the results of ultrasonography and CT of the abdomen in blunt trauma in a district general hospital. The hospital records of 25 patients who were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma to Southland Hospital, Invercargill, New Zealand, between January 1991 and November 1996 and who had both ultrasound and CT of the abdomen within 48 h of admission were reviewed. Ultrasound missed seven lesions in seven patients (7/25, 28%) compared with CT. Three of these were intestinal lesions that needed laparotomy. Ultrasound had a usefulness index of 1, 0.76, 0.72, 0.69 and 0, respectively, for detecting lesions of the kidneys, free intraperitoneal fluid, the liver, the spleen, and intestines. Although ultrasound can be used as an initial screening method for blunt abdominal trauma, CT is still the imaging modality of choice for detecting intra-abdominal lesions for stable patients in a district general hospital.     

血清和尿液中外泌体miRNAs的表达水平对肾细胞癌的诊断价值

目的:研究血清和尿液中外泌体miRNAs的表达水平对肾细胞癌(RCC)的诊断价值。方法:选择本院2018年11月至2020年08月诊治的68例RCC患者（RCC组）进行前瞻性分析,并将RCC患者根据临床分期进行分组,以本院同期收治的60例肾脏良性病变患者作为对照组。检测患者血清和尿液中外泌体miRNAs相对表达量,分析血清和尿液中外泌体miRNAs在肾细胞癌中的诊断价值。结果:RCC组患者血清、尿液中miR-210、miR-21、miR-153、miR-1233和miR-221表达量均明显高于对照组,miR-34a表达量均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;血清中ROC曲线显示AUC最大的为miR-221,其诊断敏感度为79.40%,特异度为95.00%;尿液中最大的为miR-34a,其敏感度为85.30%,特异度为88.30%;不同临床分期RCC患者的血清miR-210、miR-153表达量以及尿液miR-153表达量无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但血清和尿液中的miR-21、miR-34a、miR-1233、miR-221表达量以及尿液miR-210表达量在不同分期RCC患者中存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;血清中,miR-210、miR-153与临床分期无相关性（P＞0.05）,miR-21、miR-1233、miR-221与临床分期呈正相关,miR-34a与临床分期呈负相关（P＜0.05）;尿液中,miR-210、miR-153与临床分期无相关性（P＞0.05）,miR-21、miR-1233、miR-221与临床分期呈正相关,miR-34a与临床分期呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论:RCC患者血清、尿液外泌体miR-210、miR-21、miR-34a、miR-153、miR-1233和miR-221表达量较良性肾脏病变患者存在显著差异,同时miR-21、miR-34a、miR-1233、miR-221表达量均与RCC患者病理分期存在显著相关性,可为疾病进展评估提供参考。     

Shocking abdominal trauma: Review of an uncommon disorder of small intestine perfusion

‘Shock bowel’ is a rare disorder of gastrointestinal physiology with characteristic radiological features. It usually occurs in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma and hypovolaemia, with complete reversibility of these findings following resuscitation. We present a case demonstrating the classic features of this complex of imaging findings thought to be caused by end‐organ hypoperfusion.     

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs Identified Potential Biomarkers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Oral cancer is a frequently encountered neoplasm of the head and neck region, being the eighth most common type of human malignancy worldwide. Despite improvement in its control, morbidity and mortality, rates have improved little in the past decades. The present investigations about gene interaction and pathways still could not clear the appearance and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), completely. The aim of this study is to investigate the key genes and microRNAs interaction in OSCC. Materials and Methods: The microarray datasets GSE13601 and GSE98463, including mRNA and miRNA profiles, were extracted from the GEO database and were analyzed using GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed by using the DAVID database. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed using STRING database and Cytoscape software, respectively. Finally, miRDB was applied to predict the targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Results: Totally, 97 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in OSCC, including 66 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated genes. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in movement of cell or subcellular component, cell adhesion, biological adhesion, cellular localization, apoptotic signaling pathway, while the down-regulated genes were enriched in muscle system process and oxidation-reduction process. From the PPI network, the top 10 nodes with the highest degree were detected as hub genes. In addition, 18 DEMs were screened, which included 7 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated miRNAs. STAT1 was potentially targeted by three miRNAs, including has-miR-6825-5P, has-miR-4495, and has-miR-5580-3P. Conclusion: The roles of DEMs such as hsa-mir-5580-3p in OSCC through interactions with DEGs CD44, ACLY, ACTR3, STAT1, LAMC2 and YWHAZ may offer a suitable candidate biomarker pattern for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment processes in OSCC.