吉西他滨联合顺铂的新辅助化疗治疗局部晚期膀胱移行细胞癌

目的探讨吉西他滨联合顺铂(GC方案)的新辅助化疗方案治疗局部晚期膀胱移行细胞癌的临床疗效及毒性反应。方法 12例局部晚期膀胱移行细胞癌患者接受4个周期GC方案的新辅助化疗(吉西他滨1000mg/m2,第1、8天静脉滴注;顺铂20mg,第1～5天静脉滴注)。结果 12例均完成4个周期的GC方案化疗,总有效率58%,其中完全缓解2例,部分缓解5例,稳定3例,进展2例。6例患者化疗后行全膀胱切除术+回肠代膀胱术,3例经剖腹探查肿块无法切除而仅行放疗,2例患者因病情进展行姑息性化疗,1例患者拒绝手术治疗后仅行姑息性化疗。GC方案化疗的主要毒性为骨髓抑制,91%白细胞减少。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂是目前治疗局部晚期膀胱移行细胞癌有效、安全的新辅助化疗方案,为不能手术的局部晚期的膀胱移行细胞癌患者提供了新的治疗模式。     

奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶诱导化疗加同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效观察

目的:观察奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶诱导化疗加同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及安全性。方法:所有45例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者接受奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶诱导化疗2个周期,化疗方案为:奈达铂80mg/m2,静滴,d1,氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2,静滴,d1-5,21d为1周期。诱导化疗结束14d后进行放疗,在放疗期间给予奈达铂80mg/m2,静滴,d1,22,43,同步化疗。结果:45例患者中有42例按计划完成治疗,可以评价疗效,2个周期的诱导化疗结束后,鼻咽部原发病灶CR 4例,PR 32例,有效率为85.71%,放化疗结束3月后评价,CR 39例,PR 3例,有效率达100%。35例有颈部淋巴结病灶的均可以评价疗效,2个周期的诱导化疗结束后,CR 4例,PR 27例,有效率为88.57%,放化疗结束3月后评价,CR 34例,PR 1例,有效率达100%。诱导化疗期间不良反应主要为白细胞减少。在同步放化疗期间,主要不良反应为口腔黏膜炎、放射性皮炎,白细胞下降及血小板降低。整个研究中无治疗相关性死亡。结论:奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶诱导化疗加同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效好,不良反应可以耐受,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

NP方案在局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用

[目的]了解诺维本加顺铂(navelbine/(NVB) cisplatin/(CDDP),NP)的新辅助化疗方案在局部晚期乳腺癌综合治疗中的作用.[方法]23例Ⅱb～Ⅲb期的乳腺癌患者,术前化疗用药为NVB 25mg/m2d1.8 CDDP 25mg/m2d1～3,每3周为一周期,术前用药3周期后评价疗效.[结果]肿瘤原发灶化疗有效率为86.9%,完全缓解(CR)1例,部分缓解(PR)19例,无变化(SD)3例;腋淋巴结临床有效率82.6%,CR 4例,PR 15例,SD 4例.78.3%(18/23)患者可以在3个周期的新辅助治疗后行手术治疗.毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制和消化道反应.[结论]NP方案作为局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案有效率高,毒副反应可以耐受.     

多西他赛联合卡培他滨在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用

背景与目的：新辅助化疗已成为治疗局部晚期乳腺癌的主要手段之一,随机试验证明新辅助化疗与术后辅助化疗同样有效,并且能提高保乳率。本文旨在观察多西他赛联合卡培他滨在局部晚期乳腺癌新辅化疗应用中的近期疗效及不良反应。方法：52例局部晚期乳腺癌患者,接受多西他赛75mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天;卡培他滨2000mg/m2,分2次口服,第1～14天。21d为1个周期。治疗3～4个周期后评价疗效及不良反应。结果：新辅助化疗临床疗效总有效率（CR＋PR）为80.7%,其中3例（5.8%）为病理完全缓解。主要不良反应是粒细胞减少、脱发和手足综合征等。结论：多西他赛联合卡培他滨治疗局部晚期乳腺癌疗效显著,不良反应可耐受,是局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗的有效方案。     

TPF方案诱导化疗联合替吉奥同步放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的 探讨TPF方案诱导化疗联合替吉奥（S-1）同步调强适形放疗（IMRT）治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法采用诱导化疗联合S-1同步IMRT治疗38例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,诱导化疗采用TPF方案：紫杉醇（PTX）135 mg/m2,静滴,d1;顺铂（DDP）80 mg/m2静滴,d1;氟尿嘧啶（5 FU）750 mg/（m2•d）,持续静脉泵入,d1～d5（120 h）。21天为1个周期,共行2个周期。同步化疗采用替吉奥（S-1）单药,40 mg/m2,口服,2次/日,d1～d14。21天为1个周期,共行2～3个周期。同步放疗PGTVnx（69.96～73.92）Gy/33 f,PGTVnd 69.96 Gy/33 f,PTV1 60.06 Gy/33 f,PTV2 50.96 Gy/28 f,PTVnd 50.96 Gy/28 f,1次/日,5次/周。结果 38例患者均完成2个周期诱导化疗和2～3个周期同步放化疗。所有患者治疗结束评价即刻疗效,获CR 29例,PR 8例,SD 1例,有效率（RR）为974%。治疗结束3个月评价近期疗效,获CR 33例,PR 5例,RR为100%。诱导化疗的主要毒副反应为恶心、白细胞减少、血红蛋白减少。同步放化疗的主要毒副反应为口腔黏膜炎、放射野内皮炎、吞咽痛。其中3级口腔黏膜炎、放射野内皮炎、吞咽痛的发生率分别为7.9%、2.6%、2.6%,均无4、5级毒副反应。结论TPF方案诱导化疗同步替吉奥化疗联合IMRT治疗鼻咽癌,近期疗效好,且毒副反应较小,患者耐受性好。     

局部晚期宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗的应用价值

目的 评价新辅助化疗对于局部晚期宫颈癌的术前疗效和手术效果.方法新辅助化疗组32例局部晚期宫颈癌术前进行2个周期的TP方案化疗,化疗结束后2-3周行广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术,并以同期相同条件的直接手术的32例局部晚期宫颈癌作为对照,观察化疗前后肿瘤大小、SCC值的变化和化疗毒副反应,并对两组手术情况和术后病理进...     

紫杉醇脂质体联合表阿霉素方案在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的近期疗效

[目的]观察紫杉醇脂质体在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的疗效、毒副反应。[方法]回顾性分析20例局部晚期乳腺癌患者含紫杉醇脂质体方案新辅助化疗的疗效、毒副作用。化疗方案为紫杉醇脂质体加表阿霉素，21d为一周期，术前化疗2～6个周期，评估肿瘤缓解情况及毒副反应。[结果]化疗有效率为90％，其中CR3例，PR15例，SD1例，PD1例，达pCR1例。[结论]紫杉醇脂质体联合表阿霉素方案在乳腺癌的新辅助化疗中疗效肯定．毒副反应低．值得进一步研究。     

紫杉醇在宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗中的应用

目的:研究紫杉醇在局部晚期宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗中的作用.方法:应用紫杉醇联合铂类经静脉或静脉+腹腔化疗,对局部晚期宫颈癌Ib2-IIIb术前予新辅助化疗,观察50例患者化疗前后局部肿瘤体积变化、手术切除率、盆腔淋巴结转移、脉管癌栓、病灶局部化疗反应.结果:紫杉醇联合化疗(PT)作为术前新辅助化疗,肿瘤体积缩小总有效率84%,CR 34%,手术切除率84%.结论:PT方案联合化疗在局部晚期宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗方面较传统治疗方案有较明显优势.     

多西紫杉醇联合表阿霉素治疗局部晚期乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的:了解多西紫杉醇加表阿霉素对局部晚期乳腺癌患者进行新辅助化疗的疗效及不良反应。方法:对我院治疗的63例均采用多西紫杉醇加表阿霉素(DE方案:多西紫杉醇75 mg/m2d1,表阿霉素75 mg/m2d1)化疗的局部晚期乳腺癌患进行回顾性分析,每位患者进行2-4疗程的化疗,结束后评估疗效及不良反应。结果:总有效率(CR+PR)为68.3%,完全缓解(CR)8例,部分缓解(PR)35例,无变化(SD)13例,进展(PD)7例。术后中位随访24个月,死亡6例,复发及转移13例,健在44例。结论:多西紫杉醇联合表阿霉素术前化疗可以使患者降期,使原发灶缩小,以增加手术机会,提高生存率。     

诱导化疗加同步放化疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的:评价诱导化疗加同步化疗联合调强放射治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的安全性及临床疗效。方法:诱导化疗加同步化疗联合调强放射治疗26例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,诱导化疗采用多西他赛+顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶方案(TPF),多西他赛(T)75mg/m2,静滴,d1;顺铂(P)75mg/m2静滴,d1;5-氟尿嘧啶(F)750mg/(m2·d),持续静脉泵入,d1-5(120小时)。21天/周期,共行2个周期。同步化疗采用顺铂单药,100mg/m2,静滴,d1。21天/周期,共行2-3个周期。同步放疗GTVnx(6 9.9 6-7 3.9 2)Gy/3 3 f,PTVnx 69.96Gy/33f,PGTVnd 69.96Gy/33f,PTV1 60.06Gy/33f,PTV2 50.96Gy/28f。结果:诱导化疗主要毒副反应是恶心、骨髓毒性。同步放化疗主要毒副反应是骨髓毒性、口腔黏膜炎及皮炎。无毒副反应相关性死亡发生。治疗结束评价即刻疗效,完全缓解(CR)69.2%,部分缓解(PR)26.9%,稳定(SD)3.8%,总有效率(ORR)为96.1%。治疗结束3个月评价近期疗效,CR 84.6%,PR 11.5%,SD 3.8%,ORR 96.1%。结论:TPF方案诱导化疗加同步顺铂化疗联合调强放射治疗鼻咽癌的方式,近期疗效好,且毒副反应可以耐受,是一种可耐受的安全的综合治疗方案。     

动脉灌注新辅助化疗治疗膀胱尿路上皮癌的初步研究

背景与目的:根治性膀胱切除加盆腔区域淋巴结清扫是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的标准术式,但对于非器官局限性膀胱癌,局部复发与远处转移的风险较高。对这部分患者进行以顺铂为基础的新辅助化疗,可以降低复发率,改善手术疗效,提高生存率。本文旨在研究术前动脉灌注化疗对根治术的影响及其对肿瘤的治疗作用。方法:收集2004年至2005年间13例局部浸润性尿路上皮癌患者(T2～T4a),采用吉西他滨与顺铂(gemcitabine andcisplatin,GC)方案给予髂内动脉灌注化疗1～3次,随后8例行膀胱根治性切除术,2例由于肿瘤明显缩小放弃手术治疗,3例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。评价化疗前后白细胞、红细胞及血小板水平的变化,化疗前后肿瘤大小的变化,以及临床分期与病理分期的的比较。结果:化疗前后白细胞计数之间的差异无显著性(t=0.94,P=0.37),但红细胞及血小板计数之间的差异有显著性(t=3.41,2.38;P=0.00,0.04),但三项绝对计数值均在正常范围之内;化疗前后肿瘤大小的差异有显著性(t=2.52,P=0.04);8例根治性切除术患者中除两例临床分期与病理分期符合外,其余5例均有降期。结论:GC方案新辅助髂内动脉灌注化疗可以缩小肿瘤体积,导致肿瘤降期;化疗前后白细胞无显著降低,化疗导致红细胞及血小板降低,但未对手术造成不良影响。     

Neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy for locally advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) on pathologic down‐staging of patients with locally advanced urothelial cancer (UC) of the bladder.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for clinical stage cT2‐T4, N any, M0 bladder UC at Strong Memorial Hospital from 1999 to 2009. The primary exposure variable was use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (GC vs none). The primary outcome was stage pT0 at RC. Secondary outcomes included other down‐staging end points in the bladder ( RESULTS: A total of 160 eligible patients were identified, of whom 25 were treated with neoadjuvant GC before RC (GC + RC) and 135 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RC only). Stage pT0 at cystectomy was found in 20% of patients in the GC + RC group and in 5% of patients in the RC group (adjusted risk difference [aRD] = 16%, P = .03). For other down‐staging end points, the estimated treatment effect was as follows (all point estimates favoring chemotherapy): P = .005); P = .004); P = .008); margins aRD = 8% (P = .41); nodes aRD = 4% (P = .74).

CONCLUSIONS:

Neoadjuvant GC was found to be capable of down‐staging UC in the bladder; however, no effect on disease in nodes was seen in this study. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Invasive Transitional and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Effect on Survival and Bladder Preservation

BackgroundDespite aggressive local therapy, patients with locally advanced bladder cancer have a significant risk of distant metastases. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) in improving the outcome of this group of patients over radical cystectomy alone.Patients and MethodsA total of 114 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer (T3-4, N0-2, M0) were randomized to radical cystectomy alone or initial 3 cycles of GC, then managed according to response. Patients who achieved complete response completed 6 cycles of GC followed by local radiation therapy (RT) only. If tumors were downstaged to T1, complete transurethral resection was done, followed by 3 cycles of GC and then RT. Patients with partial response underwent radical cystectomy followed by 3 cycles of GC. Patients with stable disease or disease progression underwent radical cystectomy.ResultsThe overall response rate to GC was 55.1%, and complete response was achieved in 28.6%. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 51.9% versus 51.2% in the chemotherapy and surgery arms, respectively (P = .399). The 3-year disease-free survival was 31.8% in the chemotherapy arm and 45.1% in the surgery arm (P = .06). Bladder preservation was achieved in 22.5% of patients in the neoadjuvant arm. OS was 78% in responding patients and 100% in patients with complete response.ConclusionNeoadjuvant GC did not improve survival in locally advanced bladder cancer over radical cystectomy alone. However, bladder preservation was feasible, and OS in responding patients was impressive. Therefore, predictive models to select patients are needed. This is the largest prospective study of squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma using neoadjuvant GC.     

A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2-T4aN0-N2M0 bladder cancer

BACKGROUND:

Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared patient outcomes following neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for cT2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer.

METHODS:

In a retrospective review of a single institutional database from 1988 through 2009, we identified patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant multiagent platinum‐based systemic chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Survival analysis was performed comparing disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS:

A total of 146 patients received systemic perioperative chemotherapy (73 neoadjuvant, 73 adjuvant). Of these, 84% (122/146) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (24/146, 16.4%). Most patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy were treated with methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin (79/122, 64.8%), whereas the remaining patients received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) (43/122, 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in DSS (P = .46) or OS (P = .76) between neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy groups. There was statistically significant improvement in DSS when patients received neoadjuvant GC rather than adjuvant GC (P = .049, hazard ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐112.2).

CONCLUSION:

In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DSS between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy sequence relative to surgery appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期膀胱癌54例疗效分析

目的探讨晚期膀胱癌的有效而安全的化疗方案。方法对54例晚期膀胱癌应用吉西他滨联合顺铂（GC）方案化疗,第三周重复,共治疗6个周期。结果54例患者完全缓解（CR）9例,部分缓解（PR）21例,总有效率为55.6%,中位生存期为15.1个月。毒性反应主要为白细胞下降、贫血等,均为轻中度,没有因治疗引起死亡。结论GC方案治疗晚期膀胱癌患者疗效肯定,毒副作用较轻,可作为一线治疗方案。     

同步放疗联合替吉奥治疗老年局部晚期胃癌的疗效分析

目的探讨同步放疗联合替吉奥治疗老年局部晚期胃癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析64例老年局部晚期胃癌患者,分为两组,对照组30例采用放疗,实验组34例在放疗基础上加用替吉奥胶囊15服,观察两组近期疗效及不良反应。结果实验组34例中完全缓解（CR）12例,部分缓解（PR）9例,稳定（SD）8例,病变进展（PD）5例,缓解率为61．8％;对照组30例中CR8例,PR5例,sD12例,PD5例,缓解率为43．3％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。实验组1年生存率70．6％（24／34）,对照组1年生存率46．7％（14／30）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者不良反应无差别。结论同步放疗联合替吉奥可以有效提高老年晚期胃癌患者的近期缓解率和1年生存率,并且在提高其生活质量的同时不会加重不良反应。     

A case of small cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder responding to gemcitabine/cisplatin combination therapy as neoadjuvant chemotherapy

We report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A 79-year-old man with the chief complaints of macrohematuria and pollakisuria was admitted to our hospital. Cystoscopy and computed tomography (CT) revealed a non-papillary broad-based bladder tumor. Histological diagnosis was small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and he underwent 3 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy including gemcitabine and cisplatin with a preoperative diagnosis of cT3bN0M0. After the chemotherapy, cystoscopy and CT showed complete remission. Total cystectomy with ileal conduit was performed following 3 courses of chemotherapy. Microscopic examination revealed that the small cell carcinoma had disappeared and the converted squamous cell carcinoma remained only in a small part of the specimens. The patient was carefully followed for 10 months after operation, with no tumor recurrence.     

Recent progress in the treatment for urothelial cancer

Recent progress in the treatment for urothelial cancer is reviewed, especially concerning systemic chemotherapy and surgical techniques. A guideline for chemotherapy of urothelial cancer according to clinical stage is shown on the basis of evidence level in Japan. MVAC chemotherapy is regarded as the gold standard for advanced metastatic urothelial cancer. Randomized controlled trial revealed that gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin (GC therapy) has an efficacy similar to MVAC and is less toxic. Thus, GC therapy will become the standard treatment for advanced metastatic urothelial cancer instead of MVAC. Many chemotherapeutic regimens including gemcitabine and taxane have been introduced for patients with MVAC refractory or recurrent urothelial cancer. It was not yet clarified whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides survival benefits. Recent metaanalysis, however, revealed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially cisplatin-based chemotherapy, has a survival advantage compared with total cystectomy alone. Intravesical BCG instillation is the standard treatment for carcinoma in situ and prophylaxis of recurrence for high-risk superficial bladder cancer. For higher efficacy and lower adverse effect, maintenance instillation and low-dose therapy are proposed, respectively, but further investigation is needed. Laparoscopic surgery in the urological field is widely performed and regarded as a minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for patients with upper urinary tract cancer is reported to show the same efficacy at point of cancer control in comparison with traditional open surgery. Endoscopic treatment for upper tract urothelial cancer using laser can be safe and effective for a properly selected patient with a normal contralateral kidney.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂方案二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察吉西他滨联合顺铂二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法：对38例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用二线化疗,入组患者均经病理组织学证实,有可测量病灶,方案为吉西他滨1000mg／m^2第1、8天,顺铂80mg／m^2,分3天应用,21天为1个周期。化疗2个周期后评价疗效及不良反应。结果：所有患者均可评价,共进行108周期的化疗。完全缓解（CR）0例,部分缓解（PR）11例,稳定（SD）12例,进展（PD）15例,总有效率28．9％。中位缓解时间4．5月,中位生存时间7．8月。主要不良反应为血液学毒性,其中Ⅲ／Ⅵ度的中性粒细胞下降、血小板下降和血红蛋白下降分别为18．5％（20／108）、11．1％（12／108）和8．3％（9／108）,其次为消化道不良反应,Ⅲ／Ⅵ度的食欲下降和恶心呕吐分别为13．9％（15／108）和12．0％（13／108）。结论：吉西他滨联合顺铂对复治晚期非小细胞肺癌有较好疗效,不良反应可以耐受。     

A role for neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a retrospective experience

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival in muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, with MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) considered the standard regimen. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) has similar efficacy and less toxicity than MVAC in metastatic disease, but is untested as neoadjuvant treatment. METHODS: The authors retrospectively evaluated patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma who received neoadjuvant GC before radical cystectomy between November 2000 and December 2006 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Post-therapy pathological downstaging to either residual disease at cystectomy (pT0) or no residual muscle-invasion (相似文献