细菌性腹泻171例病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的: 监测细菌性腹泻患者病原菌的分布特点及耐药状况,为临床预防、治疗提供依据。方法: 以成人肠道及儿科门诊急性腹泻患者为对象,对粪便标本进行细菌培养、鉴定及抗生素敏感试验。结果: 591例腹泻患者粪便标本中,共检出171株致病菌,分离率为28.9%。其中弧菌属51株,志贺菌属66株(其中福氏4c生物亚型36株),气单胞菌属47株,其它7株。药敏试验结果表明,诺氟沙星可作为细菌性腹泻的首选药,福氏志贺菌对头孢三代敏感性较好。复方磺胺甲(口恶)唑、氨苄西林的耐药率均较高。结论: 志贺菌属是急性细菌性腹泻的第一位病原菌,且以F4c生物亚型为主。弧菌属、气单胞菌属也占较高比例,亦不容忽视。应根据鉴定结果及耐药性监测结果合理应用抗生素。     

3253份肠道门诊腹泻患者粪便病原菌检查结果分析

目的 对3253份肠道门诊腹泻患者粪便镜检结果与病原菌关系进行分析,为临床快速诊断提供实验依据。方法 按《全国临床检验操作规程》对腹泻患者粪便进行分离培养及镜检,记录每份粪便标本镜检结果,病原菌全部经API系统鉴定。霍乱弧菌、志贺菌、沙门菌再经血清学确证。结果 3253份标本共分离出643株致病菌,其中弧菌属398株、气单胞菌属149株、志贺菌属64株、邻单胞菌属11株,其他致病菌21株。90．6％的志贺菌引起的腹泻大便镜检出红细胞与白细胞;51．0％的弧菌引起的腹泻大便镜检红细胞与白细胞阴性;43．4％的气单胞菌引起的腹泻大便镜检红细胞与白细胞阴性;75．0％邻单胞菌引起的腹泻大便镜检出红细胞与白细胞,25．0％单独检出白细胞。结论 社区感染性腹泻的病原菌主要是弧菌属、气单胞菌属与志贺菌属,弧菌与气单胞菌引起的腹泻大便镜检大部分为阴性,而志贺菌引起的腹泻绝大部分能检出红细胞与白细胞。但肠道感染性腹泻引起的症状与体征已呈现明显的多样性、复杂性。     

肠道致病菌分离鉴定及其部分细菌的药敏试验分析

目的 探讨闸北区2003年肠道致病菌菌群分布情况及细菌药敏特点，为疾病控制和临床用药提供依据。方法 粪便病原菌分离培养、生化鉴定、血清学分型由细菌室按常规方法进行，药敏试验为K-B纸片法。结果 118例腹泻病人粪便标本病原菌阳性63例，其中志贺氏菌所占比例最高，为44．44％。28株志贺氏菌中福氏志贺菌群占67．86％，宋内氏志贺菌占32．14％。志贺菌对复方新诺明和氨苄青霉素耐药，耐药率分别为96．43％和71．43％。宋内氏志贺菌和福氏志贺菌对复方新诺明的耐药性无显著性差异，对氨苄青霉素的耐药性有显著差异。儿童标本志贺菌和成人标本志贺氏菌的耐药率及多重耐药率无显著性差异。结论 2003年本区肠道传染病以福氏和宋内氏志贺菌感染为主，头孢菌素类、氨基糖甙类、喹诺酮类药物可作为首选药物。     

2006年至2009年濮阳市肠道致泻菌耐药状况调查

目的 了解濮阳市肠道致泻菌的组成及耐药状况,为临床治疗和合理用药提供依据.方法 经大便培养筛选出可疑病原菌,再用API系统进行菌种鉴定,部分菌株需经血清学确证;药敏试验采用K-B法.结果 2106份腹泻标本共检出486株病原菌,阳性率为23.1%(486/2106).其中志贺菌216株,占44.4%、气单胞菌153株,占31.5%、弧菌60株,占12.3%、沙门菌35株,占7.2%、致泻性大肠埃希菌14株,占2.9%,邻单胞志贺菌6株,占1.2%、普通变形杆菌2株,占0.4%.未检出肠出血性大肠埃希菌(O157:H7)及霍乱弧菌.结论 本市细菌性腹泻病原菌以志贺菌为主,气单胞菌和弧菌分别占第二位、第三位.肠道致泻菌的共同耐药模式是氨苄西林和复方新诺明.多数肠道致泻菌对三代头孢菌素、氨曲南、亚胺培南和氟喹诺酮类敏感.     

感染性腹泻688例病原菌及耐药性分析

目的 :了解本地区感染性腹泻病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法 :对 688例腹泻病人的粪便进行细菌培养和耐药分析。结果 :共检出病原菌 3 62株 ,总检出率为 5 2 .6% ,其中志贺菌为最多 (占 43 .6% ) ,依次为非伤寒沙门菌 (占 3 6.2 % ) ,致病性大肠埃希菌 (占 1 6.0 % ) ,粪链球菌 D群和普通变形杆菌 (占 2 .2 %和 1 .9% )。药敏结果显示 ,志贺菌、致病性大肠埃希菌、粪链球菌 D群等对四环素、氨苄青霉素、复方新诺明、氯霉素普遍耐药。结论 :志贺菌和非伤寒沙门菌为本地区感染性腹泻最主要的病原菌。致病性大肠埃希菌也是不可忽视的病原菌之一。感染性腹泻的常见致病菌对常用抗生素耐药普遍存在     

志贺菌的耐药性分析

目的：了解1999／2000志贺菌临床分离株的耐药性现状。方法：菌种鉴定采用常规方法；用WHONET5软件对志贺菌药敏试验结果(K-B纸片扩散法)进行统计分析。结果：①l临床分离的志贺菌不同菌群对常“用抗生素耐药性有一定的差异，宋内志贺菌对环丙沙星、氨苄青霉素敏感率较高，多重耐药株分离率低；临床分离的痢疾志贺菌和福氏志贺菌耐药性比较严重；②针对环丙沙星(C，5μg)、复方新诺明(T，25μg)、氨苄西林(A，l0μg)、四环素(Y，30μg)、氯霉素(H，30μg)五种抗生素进行耐药谱型分析，痢疾志贺菌主要的三重、四及五重耐药谱型为TAY,TFAY,TCFAY,TCHAY。福氏志贺菌主要的三重、四及五重耐药谱型为TAY，THAY，TCAY，TCHA，TCHAY。结论：药敏试验和耐药谱型分析对指导临床医生合理选择抗生素治疗志贺菌病具有重要意义。     

小儿细菌性腹泻病原菌分析及耐药变迁

目的 :了解引起小儿细菌性腹泻的主要病原菌及其耐药的变迁。方法 :肠道病原菌常规分离鉴定方法。结果 :从 2 0 15 7例北京儿童医院急性腹泻患者粪便中分离出沙门菌属、志贺菌属、变形菌属及致病性大肠杆菌共 13 44株 ,总检出率为 6.7%。其中志贺氏菌属 10 3 0株 ,检出率为 76.7%。福氏志贺菌占志贺菌属 82 .0 % ,其次是宋内志贺氏菌占 17.7%。沙门菌属 178株 ,总检出率为 13 .2 %。变形杆菌属 12 4株 ,总检出率 9.2 % ,以奇异变形杆菌为主。致病大肠杆菌 12株 ,总检出率 0 .9%。福氏痢疾杆菌对 β-内酰氨酶类耐药率有所增加 ,阿莫西林 /棒酸的耐药率也有所增加 ;对喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率有所下降 ;对头孢三代类几乎都是敏感的 ;对氯霉素高度耐药。宋内氏痢疾杆菌、沙门氏痢疾杆菌对喹诺酮类的耐药率有所下降。结论 :小儿细菌性腹泻以志贺氏菌为主 ,其中又以福氏痢疾杆菌占绝对优势。儿童感染的福氏痢疾杆菌对以前常用的氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、哌拉西林、阿莫西林 /棒酸的耐药率增高 ;对头孢三代都较敏感。环丙沙星治疗福氏痢疾杆菌仍然是敏感的。治疗宋内痢疾杆菌可选用氨苄西林     

192株志贺菌属和76株沙门菌属菌群菌型分布及耐药性分析

目的:了解我院志贺菌属、沙门菌属流行菌株类型和药物敏感性特点.方法:应用SS和XLD培养基对我院2007年肠道门诊急性腹泻患者粪便标本进行志贺菌属、沙门菌属分离培养,可疑菌株进行生化和血清学鉴定,并采用K-B纸片法对分离菌株进行药物敏感试验.结果:2007年从约1600份标本中分离出192株志贺菌属.其中福氏志贺菌29株(15%),宋内志贺菌163株(占85%);沙门菌属76株,其中D群54株(71%),优势血清型为杜伯林沙门菌;沙门菌对左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、氯霉素的敏感性较高,敏感率≥195%,复方新诺明、氨苄西林次之.宋内志贺菌和福氏志贺菌对美国医学实验室抗菌药物敏感试验执行标准(CLSI)[1]中推荐的3种药物中的复方新诺明、氨苄西林敏感率均较低(6.7%～25.8%),而对左氧氟沙星的药敏结果差别也较大:宋内志贺菌的敏感率较高(≥95.7%),而福氏志贺菌的敏感率仅为79.4%.结论:我院2007年肠道门诊就诊患者中,分离志贺菌属以宋内志贺菌为主,福氏志贺菌次之.沙门菌属以D群为优势菌群,优势血清型为杜伯林沙门菌.宋内志贺菌和福氏志贺菌对抗菌药物的药敏结果差别较大,临床医师应根据菌群选择抗菌药物.     

1091例细菌性腹泻病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:研究急性细菌性腹泻的病原菌及药敏情况,以了解该地区的流行病学状况,并为临床预防、治疗提供依据.方法:对1091份腹泻患者粪便进行细菌学堵养、鉴定及抗生素敏感实验,并进行比较分析.结果:1091例腹泻患者炎便标本中,共检出337株致病菌,分离率为30.9%.病原菌以志贺菌居首位,占60.4%,其次是弧菌属,占21.4%.各曲属对抗生素的敏感率有差异,福氏志贺菌和沙门菌多重耐药较多,而宋内志贺菌和弧菌对多种抗生素敏感.结论:志贺菌属是急性细菌性腹泻的第一位病原菌,且以F4c生物亚型为主.弧菌属也占较高比例,不容忽视.应根据鉴定结果及耐药性监测结果合理应用抗生素.     

200例急性感染性腹泻患者细菌病原学及抗菌药物耐药性分析

目的：分析急性感染性腹泻患者病原菌分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法：回顾性分析2020年3月至2021年12月该院收治的200例急性感染性腹泻患者的临床资料,采集粪便标本行病原菌培养和药敏试验,了解病原菌分布情况及细菌耐药性。结果：200例患者中共检出细菌218株,其中,肠球菌属最多,共70株（32.11%）,其次为志贺菌属,共58株（26.61%）。肠球菌属中屎肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林的耐药率较高,均>70%;粪肠球菌对庆大霉素、氯霉素、红霉素耐药性较高,均≥50%,铅黄肠球菌对红霉素、环丙沙星耐药性较高,均≥70%;福氏志贺菌对环丙沙星、氨苄西林耐药率较高,均>75%;克雷伯菌属对庆大霉素、哌拉西林、氨苄西林、复方磺胺甲噁唑耐药率较高,均为100.00%;致病性大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林、氨苄西林耐药率较高,均为100.00%。肠球菌属对利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药率较低,福氏志贺菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松耐药率较低,均<15%;克雷伯菌属对氨苄西林-舒巴坦、环丙沙星、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松的耐药率较低,均<10%,对亚胺培南耐药率为0;致病性大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素、氨...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.