九岁儿童龋病活跃性试验研究

本文对沈阳市１２６小学２７２名九岁儿童的牙齿龋病情况进行调查。应用菌斑Ｐ论试验，分析菌斑与乳牙和恒牙龋病的关系。结果显示，依据ＰＨ值大小分组的儿童，其各组间ＤＭＦＴ和ｄｍｆｔ均存在显著性差别。ＰＨ值分别与ＤＭＦＴ和ｄｍｆｔ呈负相关。作为龋病活跃性试验的一种，菌斑ＰＨ值转化实验能够反映混合牙列期牙龋龋蚀状况，为混合牙列期龋病预防提供依据。     

不同龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙早期脱矿定量分析

目的：通过对混合牙列上下颌第一恒磨牙龋易感部位脱矿程度的定量测定，分析乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期脱矿之间有无相关性。方法：随机抽取成都市6－7岁儿童169名，其中无龋儿童（dmft=0)84名，龋敏感儿童（dmft≥85)85名，采用KaVo DIAGNOdent激光光脱硫测定仪测定样本双侧上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝，舌沟以及双侧下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝，颊沟的脱矿程度，将所得数据进行统计分析。结果：龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿明显大于无龋儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿（P＜0．01），两组儿童左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异（P＞0．05），双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝的脱矿测定值明显高于其它各点位（P＜0．001）。结论：激光荧光法是一种有价格的定量诊断早期龋的方法。乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期龋之间有显著正相关，应对乳牙龋敏感儿童的年轻恒牙，特别是双下颌第一磨牙及早采防龋措施。     

8429名小学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查分析

目的了解中山市市区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为中山市龋病的防治工作提供参考依据。方法调查中山市市区8429名6～13岁小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,统计分析各年龄组第一恒磨牙患龋率、龋均,年龄、性别与患龋率的关系,龋病的好发牙位和好发牙面。结果8429名小学生第一恒磨牙患龋率为25.08%,龋病发生率随年龄增长而升高,女性患龋率高于男性,下颌第一恒磨牙为好发牙位,咬合面为好发牙面。结论中山市市区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况较严重,应加强防治工作。     

怀化市小学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查分析

目的探讨影响小学生第一恒磨牙患龋的因素,为怀化市龋病的防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法和世界卫生组织龋病诊断标准,对怀化市市区2 238名6～13岁小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况进行调查。结果第一恒磨牙总患龋率为42.72%,龋均1.06±0.63,龋病发生率随年龄增长而升高,患龋率女性高于男性,下颌高于上颌。吃甜食、酸饮料及刷牙次数对第一恒磨牙龋有显著影响（P〈0.05）。结论怀化市市区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况较严重,应大力加强口腔卫生防治工作。     

8 429名小学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查分析

目的 了解中山市市区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为中山市龋病的防治工作提供参考依据.方法 调查中山市市区8 429名6～13岁小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,统计分析各年龄组第一恒磨牙患龋率、龋均,年龄、性别与患龋率的关系,龋病的好发牙位和好发牙面.结果 8 429名小学生第一恒磨牙患龋率为25.08%,龋病发生率随年龄增长而升高,女性患龋率高于男性,下颌第一恒磨牙为好发牙位,咬合面为好发牙面.结论 中山市市区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况较严重,应加强防治工作.     

沈阳市中小学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查分析

目的：了解并分析沈阳市中小学生第一恒磨牙龋病情况。方法：采用横断面调查研究方法，调查标准采用WHO口腔健康调查基本方法第四版，对沈阳市2674名7-18岁的中小学学生进行了口腔检查。结果：第一恒磨牙总的患龋率为53.74%，受检者龋均为1.01，患龋者龋均为1.88。女性患龋率高于男性，7-12岁第一恒磨牙患龋率随年龄增长明显升高，12岁后患龋率上升变化较为平缓。患龋率下颌高于上颌，第一恒磨牙总体充填率为54.42%。结论：沈阳市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋率较高，充填情况相对较好，应加强对第一恒磨牙龋患的预防和治疗。     

上海市徐汇区小学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查分析

目的:了解并分析上海市徐汇区小学生第一恒磨牙龋病情况,为防治提供依据。方法:以WHO口腔健康调查基本方法为标准,对采用随机整群抽样方法抽取的上海市徐汇区8所小学7～12岁5698名小学生的第一恒磨牙龋病情况进行调查,采用SPSS 13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:第一恒磨牙患龋率为16.18%,患龋者龋均为1.80。女性患龋率和患龋者龋均均显著高于男性(P<0.01)。7～12岁第一恒磨牙患龋率随年龄增长明显升高,第一恒磨牙总体充填率为56.04%,下颌第一恒磨牙比上颌易患龋,每天刷牙1次或以下者,第一恒磨牙患龋率显著高于每天刷牙2次及以上者。结论:上海市徐汇区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况不容乐观,需进一步加强对第一恒磨牙龋患的预防和治疗。     

南京市城区12岁学生龋病流行状况抽样调查

目的：了解南京市城区12岁学生龋病流行状况,为开展学生龋病预防提供依据。方法：对南京市城区小学12岁学生进行龋病状况抽样调查750例。结果：12岁学生恒牙患龋率25．60％,龋均0．503;第一恒磨牙患龋率最高,其中殆面及颊／腭侧面,分别占第一恒磨牙龋的61．33％、36．40％;仅有46颗（1．53％）第一恒磨牙做过窝沟封闭;龋齿充填率仅为14．06％。结论：南京市城区小学12岁学生患龋水平略有下降,但充填率低,仍应加强学生口腔健康教育和龋病预防工作。     

学龄儿童第一恒磨牙龋病调查报告

学龄儿童第一恒磨牙龋病调查报告北京积水潭医院口腔科丁长燕，马健，陈鹰松儿童第一恒磨牙又称六龄齿。在恒牙中，它萌出最早，咀嚼功能最强，并有隐定牙列，确定颌间高度和咬合关系的作用。因此，对其龋病应做到早期予防，早期治疗。笔者在牙病防治工作中重点对第一恒磨...     

不同龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙早期脱矿定量分析

目的 :通过对混合牙列上下颌第一恒磨牙龋易感部位脱矿程度的定量测定 ,分析乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期脱矿之间有无相关性。方法 :随机抽取成都市 6～ 7岁儿童 169名 ,其中无龋儿童 (dmft=0 ) 84名 ,龋敏感儿童 (dmft≥ 5 ) 85名 ,采用KaVoDIAGNOdent激光荧光脱矿测定仪测定样本双侧上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、舌沟以及双侧下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、颊沟的脱矿程度 ,将所得数据进行统计分析。结果 :龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿明显大于无龋儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,两组儿童左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝的脱矿测定值明显高于其它各点位 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :激光荧光法是一种有价值的定量诊断早期龋的方法。乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期龋之间有显著正相关 ,应对乳牙龋敏感儿童的年轻恒牙 ,特别是双下颌第一恒磨牙及早采取防龋措施     

Caries prevalence in primary teeth as a predictor of early fissure caries in permanent first molars

The study aimed to examine the validity of employing the caries experience of the primary dentition for predicting early caries in the permanent first molar fissures. Subjects consisted of 192 children who were followed for 2 yr, 91 of whom were pursued for a further year, all receiving semiannual check-ups. The caries prevalence in the primary dentition (dmft), excluding incisors, was recorded at baseline, which was the year the children became 6. Fissure caries in the permanent first molars was recorded as being confined to enamel or dentin, based on findings during cavity preparation. The correlation between dmft and the number of intact permanent first molars was -0.368 and -0.337 after 2 and 3 yr observation respectively. When the children were grouped according to their dmft, a statistically significant relationship was found between the dmft and the number of intact molars in each individual. The positive and negative predictive values as well as the sensitivity and specificity of different dmft values were calculated, and the relationship between them illustrated by the use of ROC curves. Even if there are no specific dmft values which seem obviously favorable for the purpose, these data give information relevant in planning for large scale use of fissure sealing in preventing early fissure caries in permanent first molars.     

100例6岁儿童乳牙患龋与第一恒磨牙患龋关系的研究

目的 探讨乳牙患龋与第一恒磨牙患龋之间的相关性。方法 参照WH0龋齿调查标准，对100例6岁儿童进行龋齿检查，数据用SAS软件作统计学分析。结果 Fisher检验表明，6岁儿童乳牙患龋与第一恒磨牙患龋之间有联系；乳牙龋均与第一恒磨牙龋均呈正相关，r＝0．5629，统计学上均具有显著性差异。结论 儿童乳牙患龋经历可作为预测恒牙患龋的重要参考因素之一。临床及预防工作中，对乳牙多发龋的儿童应加强治疗及恒牙龋的预防。     

北京儿童乳恒牙患龋状况八年纵向研究

目的　研究同一样本儿童在 8年中乳牙龋与恒牙龋之间的相关性 ,确定乳牙龋是否可作为恒牙龋危险因素的预测指标。方法　在 1 992年和 2 0 0 0年对北京地区 362名 3～ 4岁儿童的乳恒牙龋调查的基础上 ,分析乳、恒牙龋的相关性。结果　儿童乳、恒牙的患龋率和龋均都有显著的相关性 (P <0 0 1 ) ,乳牙龋儿童的恒牙龋危险是乳牙无龋儿童的近 3倍 (RR =2 6 ,95 %CI=1 4～ 4 7,P <0 0 0 1 )。以乳磨牙龋预测恒牙龋危险的灵敏度达 93 9% (RR =3 3 ,95 %CI =1 8～ 6 1 ,P <0 0 0 1 ) ,特异度为 85 4%。结论　儿童乳牙龋可以作为恒牙龋危险的预测指标     

Dental caries and associated factors in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6-13 years

The objectives of the present study were to establish dental caries prevalence (percentage with caries) and experience in the primary and permanent dentition (dmft and DMFT) of 6 to 13-year-old schoolchildren in Campeche, Mexico, and to estimate the contributing roles of the likely risk indicators. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,644 children aged 6-13 years. Self-administered questionnaires obtained information on social, economic, behavioral, and demographic variables. The primary dentition of 1,309 children and the permanent dentition of 1,640 children were evaluated in the oral examinations. The main outcome measures were DMFT, dmft, and SiC indices. Data were modeled using logistic regression analysis. The overall caries prevalence was 77.4%, 73.6% in the primary dentition (61.6% in 6-year-olds), and 49.4% in the permanent dentition. The dmft and DMFT indices were 2.85+/-2.73 and 1.44+/-2.05, respectively (DMFT = 3.11+/-2.62 in 12-year-olds). The SiC index was 6.05 at 12 years of age. Associated variables to dental caries in both dentitions were presence of enamel defects, presence of dental plaque, low socio-economic status, female sex, and older age. Mother's schooling was negatively associated (OR = 0.95) with caries in primary dentition. Caries experience in the primary dentition (OR = 6.02) was positively associated with caries in the permanent dentition. Dental caries status in these Mexican children was closer to the goals proposed by the WHO/FDI for 2000 than previous studies. This study has identified clinical, socio-economic, and behavioral determinants for dental caries in primary and permanent dentition on Mexican schoolchildren.     

Caries increment in the permanent dentition of Mexican children in relation to prior caries experience on permanent and primary dentitions

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the likelihood of caries increment in schoolchildren, based on their prior caries experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We undertook a longitudinal study in 452 six-to-nine year olds between 1999 and 2001 in Mexico, with dental exams conducted by two standardized examiners (kappa>0.85). The dependent variable was the DMFT increment, dichotomized as without increment, and at least one unit of increment. Independent variables estimated caries experience at baseline. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests and generalized linear models (log-binomial) to calculate relative risk (RR) adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The percentage of caries-free children diminished by 20.5% from 1999 to 2001. DMFT index increased two-fold, from 0.25+/-0.70 in 1999 to 0.77+/-1.30 in 2001 (p<0.001). The overall risk for this sample was 24%. The DMFT increment was higher (p<0.001) in children with DMFT>0 and dmft>0 in 1999 (RR=1.89, 95% CI=1.37-2.62; RR=2.71, 95% CI=1.94-3.76, respectively). The likelihood for DMFT increment from the 1999 levels was: (1) 2.78 times higher (95% CI=2.06-3.76) if schoolchildren had caries in any of the first permanent molars and (2) 1.62 times higher (95% CI=1.20-2.19) if schoolchildren were affected by high severity caries at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Both caries prevalence and mean DMFT had significant increments in 18 months. Dental caries in the primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions at baseline are goods indicators of subsequent caries development in this group of children in a medium income country. This relationship became stronger when the occurrence of caries in the first permanent molars was included.     

Dental caries and associated factors in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6–13 years

The objectives of the present study were to establish dental caries prevalence (percentage with caries) and experience in the primary and permanent dentition (dmft and DMFT) of 6 to 13-year-old schoolchildren in Campeche, Mexico, and to estimate the contributing roles of the likely risk indicators. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,644 children aged 6–13 years. Self-administered questionnaires obtained information on social, economic, behavioral, and demographic variables. The primary dentition of 1,309 children and the permanent dentition of 1,640 children were evaluated in the oral examinations. The main outcome measures were DMFT, dmft, and SiC indices. Data were modeled using logistic regression analysis. The overall caries prevalence was 77.4%, 73.6% in the primary dentition (61.6% in 6-year-olds), and 49.4% in the permanent dentition. The dmft and DMFT indices were 2.85±2.73 and 1.44±2.05, respectively (DMFT=3.11±2.62 in 12-year-olds). The SiC index was 6.05 at 12 years of age. Associated variables to dental caries in both dentitions were presence of enamel defects, presence of dental plaque, low socio-economic status, female sex, and older age. Mother's schooling was negatively associated (OR=0.95) with caries in primary dentition. Caries experience in the primary dentition (OR=6.02) was positively associated with caries in the permanent dentition. Dental caries status in these Mexican children was closer to the goals proposed by the WHO/FDI for 2000 than previous studies. This study has identified clinical, socio-economic, and behavioral determinants for dental caries in primary and permanent dentition on Mexican schoolchildren.     

Malocclusion and caries prevalence: is there a connection in the primary and mixed dentitions?

The purpose of this epidemiological cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and caries in children and to investigate whether a relationship exists between prevalence of caries and studied malocclusion. The study consisted of 8,864 preschool and schoolchildren with primary dentitions (mean age 4.5 years) and mixed dentitions (mean age 8.9 years). 1997 WHO dental caries criteria were applied to both groups. The existence of an increased caries risk was deducted from the dmft and DMFT indices related to age. Malocclusion in primary and mixed dentitions was classified into seven types. Fifty-seven percent of all children had some form of malocclusion. Prevalence of malocclusion increased and was significantly greater in the mixed dentition sample (p<0.001) than in the primary dentition sample. Seventy-four percent of children with primary dentitions and 23% of children with mixed dentitions had zero dmft and DMFT scores. Mean dmft indices in subjects with primary and mixed dentitions were 1.02 and 1.53, respectively. No positive correlation between prevalence of caries and malocclusion could be established in the sub sample with primary teeth only. However, statistically significant parallelism in prevalence of malocclusion and caries were found for posterior cross-bite (p=0.050) and mandibular overjet (p=0.013) in children with mixed dentitions.     

DMFT, dmft and treatment requirements of schoolchildren in Asturias, Spain

An epidemiological survey was carried out in 1992 to study the dental health status of schoolchildren aged 6, 9 and 12 in Asturias, Spain. It focused on the caries prevalence, dmtf, DMFT, restoration indices and dental treatment needs of this population. A representative sample of 1839 subjects, randomly selected and proportionally assigned by age group (6, 9 and 12) with the classroom as the sample unit, was examined. Analysis of the data showed that in 6-year-old children the caries prevalence in primary teeth was 45.8%. The mean caries in-dices were 2.10 dmft and 0.25 DMFT. At 9 years old the prevalence of caries in primary teeth was 62.8% and in the permanent teeth 49.1%. The mean level of caries was 2.38 dmft and 1.50 DMFT. At 12 years old the caries prevalence in permanent teeth was 71% and in first molars 64.2%. The mean caries experienced was 3.30 DMFT. In all groups the D-component constituted the major part of the caries index. The results for girls were higher than for boys in almost all age groups. Surface fillings were the treatment most required in all age groups.     

Caries experience of 5-6-year-old and 12-13-year-old schoolchildren in central and western Nepal

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the caries experience and caries prevalence in the deciduous dentition of 5-6-year-old schoolchildren and in the permanent dentition of 12-13-year-old schoolchildren in western and central Nepal. Design: Non-randomised cross-sectional surveys conducted by trained and calibrated examiners. SETTING: Surveys were conducted in private and government rural and urban schools at 10 sites along the Terai and the foothills in eight districts of western and central Nepal. SUBJECTS: A total of 2,177, 5-6-year-old and 3,323, 12-13-year-old schoolchildren from urban and rural areas were examined under WHO Pathfinder methodology. OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of caries and dental caries experience (dmft/DMFT). RESULTS: The caries prevalence and mean dmft score of 5-6-year-olds was 67% and 3.3 (urban 64% and 2.9; rural 78% and 4.0). The caries prevalence and mean DMFT score of 12-13-year-olds was 41% and 1.1 (urban 35% and 0.9; rural 54% and 1.5). The d/D-component constituted almost the entire dmft/DMFT index. CONCLUSION: The recorded prevalence of untreated dental caries in schoolchildren requires an appropriate oral health response based primarily on prevention and health promotion. Foremost in this regime would be the promotion and use of accessible and affordable fluoridated toothpaste.     

Dental caries in Mexican schoolchildren: A comparison of 1988-1989 and 1998-2001 surveys

Objectives: To compare two surveys across seven states for the prevalence of dental caries among Mexican schoolchildren. Study Design: Analysis of two cross-sectional surveys: Schoolchildren from 6 to 10 years of age were examined in the 1988-1989 survey and 6- to 10-year-old and 12-year-old students were included in the 1998-2001 survey. The baseline data of seven states were available for analysis. Representative probability samples were conducted statewide in both surveys. The World Health Organization (WHO) method was used to obtain the dental caries index (dmft, DMFT). At present, additional and more recent epidemiological data representative statewide in Mexico are unavailable. Results: The participants were 9798 schoolchildren in the 1988-1989 survey and 16882 schoolchildren in the 1998-2001 survey. The prevalence of caries in children ages 6 to 10 years was 86,6% in the first survey and 65,5% in the second survey, showing a 24,4% reduction. The primary teeth index in the first survey was dmft = 3,86 (IC95% 3,68 4,04) and in permanent teeth, it was DMFT = 1,03 (IC95% 0,95 1,11). In the second survey, the comparable values were dmft = 2,36 (IC95% 2,20 2,52) and DMFT = 0,35 (IC95% 0,29 0,40), corresponding to a reduction of 38,89% and 66,02% in the primary and permanent dentition, respectively. Treatment needs remain high: In the second survey, as 92,75% of the index DMFT was conformed as decayed teeth. Conclusion: Overall, we detected a downward trend in the dental caries indices, particularly in the permanent dentition. The increase in the availability of fluoride likely contributed to the observed decline in dental caries.