Para-aortic lymph node metastasis in relation to serum CA 125 levels and nuclear grade in endometrial carcinoma

BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between preoperative serum CA 125 levels and para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis as determined by systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection in endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: This study included 180 patients (n = 55, premenopausal; n = 125, postmenopausal) with endometrial carcinoma treated by complete surgical staging. Cut-off values of preoperative serum CA 125 levels for PAN metastasis were determined by receiver characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors for PAN metastasis. RESULTS: The median serum CA 125 levels of patients with PAN metastasis were significantly higher than the levels of those with no metastasis in both premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Based on ROC analysis, we could determine four cut-off values (70 and 210 U/mL for premenopausal patients, 20 and 60 U/mL for postmenopausal patients) and categorize the serum CA 125 levels into low, moderate and high groups. By logistic regression analysis, the CA 125 level and nuclear grade were found to be significant predictors of PAN metastasis, respectively. Using this model, the patients were stratified into three risk groups. The probabilities of PAN metastasis for patients in the low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups were less than 2%, 2-25% and more than 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum CA 125 levels and nuclear grade are important risk factors for PAN metastasis in endometrial carcinoma.     

Analysis of clinicopathologic factors predicting para-aortic lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer

The purposes of this study were to compare the relationships between para-aortic lymph node metastasis and various clinicopathologic factors to evaluate whether para-aortic lymph node dissection is necessary when treating endometrial cancer. A retrospective study was performed on 841 patients with endometrial cancer, who underwent the initial surgery at the Keio University Hospital. Clinicopathologic factors related to para-aortic lymph node metastasis significant on a univariate analysis were analyzed in a multivariate fashion using a logistic model. According to the multivariate analysis, the clinicopathologic factor most strongly related to the existence of para-aortic lymph node metastasis was positive pelvic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). Among the 155 patients who underwent pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection, the difference of 5-year overall survival by the presence of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis was examined by Kaplan-Meier method. The prognosis was poor even if para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed in cases of positive para-aortic lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, when deciding whether to perform para-aortic lymph node dissection in patients with endometrial cancer, it is necessary to consider the pelvic lymph nodal status. If there is no pelvic lymph node metastasis, it could not be necessary to perform para-aortic lymph node dissection.     

基于云技术和人工智能的自动化细胞学诊断平台在703 103名女性宫颈癌筛查中的应用研究#br# #br#

目的探讨低危子宫内膜癌的淋巴结转移情况、相关因素及预后。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年9月在郑州大学第一附属医院行分期手术的452例低危子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,采用单因素分析淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果 452例低危子宫内膜癌患者盆腔和(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率2.65%(12/452),复发率0.66%(3/452),死亡率0.44%(2/452)。单因素分析显示,浸润表浅肌层、组织学分级G2、低体质指数与淋巴结转移的关联有统计学意义(P 0.05)。年龄、CA125水平、淋巴脉管间隙浸润、肿瘤大小、腹水细胞学阳性等与淋巴结转移的关联无统计学意义(P0.05)。269例浅肌层浸润患者G1组与G2组淋巴结转移率[1.00%(1/100)、6.51%(11/169)]比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论病变局限于子宫内膜的低危子宫内膜癌患者,无论肿瘤大小及分级,淋巴结转移率低,复发率低,预后好,可不行腹膜后淋巴结切除术;低体质指数、浅肌层浸润且组织学G2的患者淋巴结转移率较高,建议评估淋巴结转移情况。     

A validation study of a scoring system to estimate the risk of lymph node metastasis for patients with endometrial cancer for tailoring the indication of lymphadenectomy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify whether a preoperative scoring system to estimate the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in endometrial carcinoma is clinically useful for tailoring the indication of lymphadenectomy. STUDY DESIGN: LNM score was set up using volume index, serum CA125 level, and tumor grade/histology, which were found to be independent risk factors for LNM in a pilot study. Based on the LNM score before a validation study was started, the estimated rates of LNM (para-aortic LNM) were 3.4% (0.0%) in a low risk group, 7.7% (5.8%) in an intermediate group, 44.4% (30.6%) in a high risk group and 70.0% (50.0%) in an extremely high risk group. The validation study was carried out using data for 211 patients with endometrial carcinoma for whom three risk factors were preoperatively confirmed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether these factors remain valid. The actual rate of LNM was investigated according to the LNM score. RESULTS: Volume index, serum CA125 level, and tumor grade/histology were found to be independent risk factors for LNM in the cohort of this study. The actual rates of LNM (para-aortic LNM) were 3.2% (1.0%) in the low risk group, 15.3% (11.9%) in the intermediate group, 30.2% (23.8%) in the high risk group and 78.6% (57.1%) in the extremely high risk group. CONCLUSION: The actual rate of LNM for each score was fairly consistent with the estimated rate of LNM. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy may not be necessary in cases of a low risk group. A large prospective multicenter clinical trial needs to be conducted to establish the clinical usefulness of our preoperative scoring system.     

冰冻病理诊断预测子宫内膜癌淋巴转移的临床价值研究

目的:研究影响子宫内膜癌患者淋巴结转移的因素,评价术中冰冻病理预测淋巴结转移的作用。方法:回顾分析1996年7月至2008年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院和2008年9月至2011年9月在同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院收治的共389例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,195例患者实施了盆腔淋巴结切除,其中43例同时行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除。分析患者淋巴结转移的临床相关因素,评价冰冻病理结果在预测淋巴结转移中的价值。结果:盆腔淋巴结转移率为12.8%(25/195),腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率为11.6%(5/43)。深肌层浸润(P<0.001)、宫颈累及(P<0.001)、ER阴性(P=0.001)与盆腔淋巴结转移显著相关。肿瘤细胞级别升高、病理类型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型)与盆腔淋巴结转移无显著相关性。低风险子宫内膜癌(排除G3和肌层深度≥1/2)患者的盆腔淋巴转移率为4.5%(3/67)。按冰冻结果制定4种预测模型,G1+限于内膜组,淋巴结阳性率为0;G1+<1/2肌层组,盆腔和腹主淋巴结阳性率均为2.4%;G2+<1/2肌层组,盆腔和腹主淋巴结阳性率分别为4.8%、0;未发现G2+限于内膜的病例。淋巴结切除组的生存率高于未切除组(79.5%vs 75.9%),但无统计学差异(P=0.086)。结论:冰冻病理用于预测淋巴结转移的作用有限,建议对除G1限于内膜的子宫内膜样腺癌患者,其余均应实施全面的分期手术。     

化疗对晚期卵巢、输卵管及腹膜浆液性癌淋巴结转移的临床疗效(附70例临床分析)

目的:探讨化疗对晚期卵巢、输卵管及腹膜浆液性癌腹膜后淋巴结转移的临床疗效。方法:将晚期卵巢、输卵管及腹膜浆液性癌70例患者,根据淋巴结切除术与化疗的先后顺序分为2组:A组21例,化疗后行淋巴结切除术。B组49例,淋巴结切除术后化疗。比较2组患者的一般情况、治疗方案及淋巴结转移情况。结果:2组患者的年龄,肿瘤分期分级,治疗前的肿瘤标记物,切除淋巴结的数量等均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。初治时A组患者盆腹腔黏连及转移重于B组;初次手术A组进行满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术的几率明显低于B组(0%vs73.47%,P<0.05)。化疗后A组患者淋巴结转移率低于B组(38.10%vs49.00%,P>0.05),腹主动脉旁淋巴结为肿瘤最常侵犯的淋巴结。A组行TC(泰素/紫杉醇+伯尔定/卡铂)或TP(泰素/紫杉醇+顺铂)方案化疗的患者淋巴转移率低于行CAP(顺铂+阿霉素+环磷酰胺)方案的患者(33.33%vs50%,P=0.045)。结论:化疗对卵巢、输卵管及腹膜浆液性癌淋巴结转移有一定的疗效。初治时不能进行淋巴结切除的患者可考虑先行化疗后再次手术切除淋巴结。     

Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴清扫术的意义

目的:探讨Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者预后的相关因素及盆腔淋巴清扫术对其预后可能的影响。方法:收集1997年8月至2005年3月浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者202例,分析影响预后的各项临床病理指标,寿命表法计算生存率,比较盆腔淋巴清扫组与平行淋巴结清扫组的复发率,并发症。结果:Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴转移率1·53%。病理类型、腹腔细胞学、盆腔淋巴转移、手术-病理分期、肌层浸润及CA125值是影响预后的独立因素。Ⅰ期低危患者,盆腔淋巴清扫术无助于提高生存率(P>0.05),其复发率也无明显差异(P>0.05),手术并发症率明显增高(P<0.05);Ⅰ期高危患者,盆腔淋巴清扫术未能延长其生存期(P>0·05),但可减少复发的例数,并发症率无明显增多(P>0.05)。结论:特殊病理类型,腹腔细胞学阳性,手术-病理分期高,盆腔淋巴转移,深肌层浸润及CA125>100U/ml的患者预后较差(P<0.05)。Ⅰ期高危子宫内膜癌患者盆腔淋巴清扫术具有一定的临床意义。     

腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术在子宫内膜癌治疗中的临床意义

目的探讨子宫内膜癌患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除范围及其临床意义。方法回顾四川大学华西第二医院709例患者的临床-病理资料,随访217例行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除患者的生存情况。结果多因素分析发现：淋巴脉管浸润及盆腔淋巴结转移是发生腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的独立高危因素（P〈0.05）。腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样组,切除至肠系膜下血管水平组以及肾血管水平组术后10月生存率分别为：98.6%,94.3%和100.0%。结论中低分化、淋巴脉管转移、特殊病理类型、以及晚期子宫内膜癌患者建议切除腹主动脉旁淋巴结,其切除范围应至肾血管水平。     

子宫内膜癌卵巢转移危险因素的探讨

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌卵巢转移的危险因素及手术中保留卵巢的可行性.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2006年12月在江西省妇幼保健院首治为手术治疗的638例子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理资料.结果 36例(5.6%,36/638)患者发生卵巢转移.单因素分析显示,子宫内膜癌卵巢转移的相关因素为病理类型、病理分级、子宫肌层浸润、腹水或腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查阳性、盆腔淋巴结转移、宫旁浸润、腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移、子宫浆膜浸润(P均＜0.05),而年龄、脉管浸润、宫颈浸润与卵巢转移无明显相关性(P均＞0.05).多因素分析显示,子宫内膜癌卵巢转移的独立危险因素按危险强度排列为:盆腔淋巴结转移、腹水或腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查阳性、病理分级.结论 子宫内膜样腺癌、细胞高分化、无盆腔淋巴结转移、无腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移、元肌层浸润、腹水或腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查阴性、年轻的患者可考虑手术中保留卵巢.     

盆腹腔淋巴取样术在子宫内膜癌手术中的临床意义

目的探讨盆腹腔淋巴取样术在子宫内膜癌的临床意义。方法分析2000年1月-2007年12月上海同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院手术治疗的213例子宫内膜癌患者,其中,86例行盆腹腔淋巴取样术,127例行淋巴结切除术。手术方式根据手术切除淋巴结的情况分为两组。①取样组：淋巴取样术,筋膜外全子宫双附件切除/次广泛子宫切除术＋盆腔/腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样术86例;②切除组：次广泛/广泛子宫切除术＋盆腔淋巴结切除/腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术127例。结果取样组：切除淋巴结中位数18枚,淋巴结的转移10例。切除组：切除淋巴结中位数32枚,淋巴结转移11例。5年生存率分别为94.2%和94.5%。取样组无病发症发生,淋巴结切除组中有9例,分别是1例术中大出血（〉2000ml）,淋巴囊肿感染6例,淋巴漏2例。结论在子宫内膜癌中淋巴结取样术可准确了解淋巴结的转移情况,适宜手术分期,并不影响生存率,是避免过度手术减少并发症发生的有效方法。     

子宫内膜癌腹膜后淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的:探讨预测子宫内膜癌腹膜后淋巴结转移的指标,以期为确定子宫内膜癌手术范围提供参考。方法:回顾分析1997年1月至2006年12月初治为手术治疗的641例子宫内膜癌患者的临床与病理资料,单因素分析用χ2检验和Fish确切概率法,多因素分析用Logistic回归模型。结果:经多因素分析显示,病理分级G3、深肌层浸润、附件转移对预测子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结(pelvic lymph node,PLN)转移具有统计学意义;盆腔淋巴结转移与腹主动脉旁淋巴结(para-aortic lymph node,PALN)转移显著相关。结论:病理分级G3、深肌层浸润、附件转移是子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移的重要预测因素;盆腔淋巴结转移对预测腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移具有重要意义。病理分级G3、深肌层浸润、附件转移的子宫内膜癌患者应行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,并根据术中患者的盆腔淋巴结状况决定是否行腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术。     

Clinical significance of tumor volume in endometrial cancer: A Japan–Korea cooperative study

Objective

The aim of this study was to elucidate the significance of tumor volume as a risk factor for predicting lymph node metastasis.

Methods

We applied the tumor volume index to the data that were collected for 327 Korean patients with endometrial cancer who underwent preoperative assessment including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent surgery including systematic lymphadenectomy. The volume index, which we previously reported in the literature, was defined as the product of maximum longitudinal diameter along the uterine axis, maximum anteroposterior diameter in a sagittal section image, and maximum horizontal diameter in a horizontal section image according to MRI data, from 425 Japanese women with endometrial cancer. Relationships between lymph node metastasis and results of preoperative examinations including volume index were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of affected lymph nodes was 14.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that high-grade histology assessed by endometrial biopsy [odds ratio (OR); 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–6.4], volume index (OR; 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.3), node enlargement assessed by MRI (OR; 4.2, 95% CI: 1.4–13.2), and high serum cancer antigen (CA)125 level (OR; 3.6, 95% CI: 1.6–8.1) were significantly and independently related to lymph node metastasis. When volume index was excluded from the analysis, myoinvasion assessed by MRI was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis as well as high-grade histology, node enlargement, and high serum CA125 level.

Conclusion

Volume index is compatible with myometrial invasion as a factor for predicting lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer.     

术前磁共振弥散加权成像及血清CA125测定构建预测子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移模型研究

目的探讨术前磁共振弥散加权成像(magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging,MRDWI)、血清CA125测定及子宫内膜活检等检查方法构建预测子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移模型的价值。方法 2006年1月至2010年12月在中山大学附属中山市人民医院对196例子宫内膜癌患者的住院记录进行分析。196例患者均经术前MR-DWI评估、血清CA125测定及诊断性刮宫,术中作充分的手术病理分期和系统性盆腔或盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴清扫。结果 196例中164例(83.7%)经术后病理检查无淋巴结转移,32例(16.3%)有淋巴结转移。MRI弥散加权成像对子宫内膜癌侵犯宫颈的准确率达96.9%。对MR-DWI提示的肌层侵犯深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、CA125值、组织学分类、分级进行单变量及多变量logistic回归分析,得出盆腹腔MRI提示盆腔或腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移及低分化具有独立的统计学意义,P<0.05。用上述6项指标构建术前预测淋巴结转移的模型,模型全局性检验有统计学意义,P<0.01。并给各项指标附值评分1分,构建ROC曲线,获得低危组(5...     

Value of preoperative serum CA125 in early-stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix without pelvic lymph node metastasis

OBJECTIVE: This investigation attempted to clarify the value of preoperative serum CA125 in predicting histopathological prognostic factors for early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma without lymph node metastasis. METHODS: This study initially surveyed 163 patients with clinical stage Ib or IIa cervical adenocarcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Of the 163 patients, 116 had preoperative serum CA125 levels, and 14 had pelvic lymph node metastasis. The investigation group comprised 102 lymph node-negative patients. RESULTS: A cutoff value of 26 U/ml was obtained after the discriminant function analysis for identifying patients with positive lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) or depth of stromal invasion > or =2/3 thickness. Multivariate analysis revealed that among the preoperative clinicopathological variables, including age, tumor size, parametrial invasion, and CA125 level, raised CA125 most significantly influenced the assessment of the LVSI (P = 0.040) and depth of cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma with negative pelvic lymph node metastasis, preoperative serum CA125 levels at the cutoff value of 26 U/ml impacted the determination of the poor histopathological prognostic factors.     

盆腔淋巴清扫术对子宫内膜癌预后的影响

目的　探讨子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴转移的相关因素及盆腔淋巴清扫术对子宫内膜癌预后的影响。方法　选择 1981年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月行子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴清扫术患者 90例 ,淋巴结取样活检术患者 12例 ,分析这 10 2例患者淋巴转移与各临床病理指标的关系。随机选取同期未行淋巴清扫术的 90例患者作为对照与行淋巴清扫术的 90例患者进行比较 ,寿命表法计算两者的生存率。结果　 10 2例患者中 ,低分化、深肌层浸润、宫颈浸润、腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查阳性、附件浸润、远处转移者 ,盆腔淋巴转移的发生率升高 ,分别为 46%、42 %、44%、52 %、75%、10 0 %。盆腔淋巴转移患者的 5年累计生存率 (3 7% )低于无淋巴转移者 (89% ,P <0 0 1)。 90例行盆腔淋巴清扫术患者与对照者的 5年累计生存率分别为 78%和 72 % ,两者比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。COX逐步回归分析显示 ,盆腔淋巴清扫术不是影响患者预后的独立因素。结论　低分化、深肌层浸润、宫颈浸润、腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查阳性、附件浸润、远处转移是子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴转移的高危因素 ,有盆腔淋巴转移的患者预后差 ,但盆腔淋巴清扫术并不改善患者预后     

Lymph node involvement in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube

Although the bad prognosis of primary fallopian tube carcinoma has been mostly ascribed to early lymphogenous dissemination, precise information regarding the characteristics of retroperitoneal spread are still missing. Our study was designed to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of lymph node metastases in 33 patients with primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. During primary surgery nine patients (27%) were submitted to systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, whereas 24 received lymph node sampling. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients (intraperitoneal spread, grading, peritoneal cytology, depth of tubal infiltration and residual disease after primary surgery) were compared with lymphnodal status.
Overall 15 patients (45%) had positive nodes, that is, invaded by tumor; whereas 18 (55%) showed no lymphatic spread. Six patients (40%) had exclusively positive para-aortic lymph nodes; five (33%) had only tumor metastases in pelvic lymph nodes, three (20%) manifested simultaneously pelvic and para-aortic spread, and one patient with pure primary squamous cell carcinoma had a massive groin node metastasis as presenting sign of the tumor. The rate of lymphogenous metastases was not significantly related to progressive intra-abdominal dissemination, histologic grade or depth of tubal infiltration. On the other hand, the presence of residual disease after primary surgery and positive peritoneal cytology significantly increased the risk of nodal metastases. Patients with lymph node metastasis had a significantly ( P = 0.02) worse prognosis compared with patients without nodal involvement (median survival 39 vs 58 months).
Considering the high incidence of lymph node metastasis, correct staging of tubal carcinoma should include a thorough surgical evaluation of both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes. The role of systematic lymph node dissection in the treatment of tubal carcinoma remains controversial.     

Efficacy of systematic lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy in node-positive endometrial cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of systematic lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy in minimizing pelvic sidewall and para-aortic failures. METHODS: Between January 1984 and December 2001, a total of 146 patients with stage III and IV endometrial cancer and lymph node metastases were treated at our institution. Adequate pelvic lymphadenectomy was defined as the removal of more than 10 pelvic lymph nodes, and adequate para-aortic lymphadenectomy was defined as removal of 5 or more para-aortic lymph nodes. The 24 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. We assessed the ability of adequate pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, together with radiotherapy, to prevent pelvic and para-aortic recurrences. RESULTS: Of the 122 patients studied, 94 (77%) had adequate pelvic lymphadenectomy and 47 (39%) had adequate para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Pelvic radiotherapy was administered to 78% and para-aortic radiotherapy to 29% of patients. Median follow-up of censored patients was 56 months. Twenty-five percent of patients had pelvic sidewall failure at 5 years. Pelvic sidewall failures at 5 years occurred in 57% of patients who had inadequate node dissection and/or no radiotherapy, compared with 10% for those having both adequate lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy (P < 0.001). After risk factor assessment in a regression model, only treatment with adequate lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy was a significant independent predictor of pelvic control (P = 0.03). The performance of definitive pelvic lymphadenectomy may have increased treatment-related morbidity in the subgroup of patients who had postoperative radiotherapy. For the 41 patients with positive para-aortic lymph nodes, the 5-year para-aortic failure rate was 34% after adequate lymphadenectomy but without adjuvant para-aortic radiotherapy. Likewise, 69% failed in the para-aortic area when adjuvant para-aortic radiotherapy was administered to patients not having adequate para-aortic lymphadenectomy; however, none of the 11 patients failed in the para-aortic area after adequate lymphadenectomy and para-aortic radiotherapy (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Adequate (pelvic and para-aortic) lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy appear complementary in reducing failures in both the pelvis and para-aortic areas in patients with node-positive endometrial cancer.     

Interstitial thermoradiotherapy in recurrent gynecologic malignancies

In patients with ovarian carcinoma, the presence of metastatic disease in a retroperitoneal lymph node is indicative of a poor prognosis. Although a “staging laparotomy” is required for proper treatment, definitive information concerning para-aortic and pelvic lymph node metastasis often is not available. To determine the incidence of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases in untreated cases of ovarian carcinoma, a prospective study by selective nodal biopsy was undertaken in 61 unselected patients with the following distribution: Stage I, 11; Stage II, 10; Stage III, 31; and Stage IV, 9. The incidence of para-aortic node metastasis overall was 37.7% and of pelvic node metastasis, 14.8%. Of 23 patients with positive para-aortic nodes, 30.4% had no concomitant pelvic node involvement. Direct relationships between nodal metastasis and clinical stage, tumor grade, and histologic type of tumor were demonstrated. The incidence of positive para-aortic nodes in Stage I disease was 18.2%; in Stage II, 20.0%; in Stage III, 41.9%; and in Stage IV, 66.7%. The corresponding incidence of pelvic node metastasis was 9.1% in Stage I, 10.0% in Stage II, 12.9% in Stage III, and 33.3% in Stage IV. Grade 3 tumors were associated most frequently with nodal involvement, with an incidence of positive para-aortic nodes of 52.5% and of positive pelvic nodes of 15.5%. In patients with a serous type of malignancy, the frequencies of positive para-aortic/pelvic nodes were 44.4%/16.7%, respectively; in the undifferentiated type, 50.0%/10.0%; in the clear cell type, 25.0%/25.0%; and in the mucinous type, 14.3%/ 14.3%. In this small series, 32 patients (52.5%) had positive retroperitoneal nodal involvement. It is concluded that selective biopsies of the para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes should be part of any “staging laparotomy” for ovarian carcinoma, and that the true incidence of nodal involvement in these patients awaits further investigation.     

Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer

From 1979 to 1987 retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed at the Tokyo University Hospital in 41 cases (pelvic lymph node biopsy was done in 4 cases, pelvic lymphadenectomy in 23 cases, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vessels in 14 cases) of Stage Ia to IV ovarian cancer following cytoreductive surgery. The incidence of retroperitoneal positive nodes was 11.1% (2/18) in Stage I, 50.0% (5/10) in Stage II, 50.0% (5/10) in Stage III and 0% (0/3) in Stage IV (FIGO criteria without considering the pathologic findings of retroperitoneal lymph nodes). The positive rate of lymph node involvement in Stage II and Stage III was significantly higher than that in Stage I. The tumors involving both ovaries were more likely to metastasize to retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Enlargement of tumors and increased ascites were not the risk factors of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. These data suggest that the occurrence of retroperitoneal lymphatic spread in ovarian cancer is comparable to that in uterine cancer and increased by involvement of both ovaries and extension to other pelvic tissues.     

腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除在子宫内膜癌手术治疗中的意义

目的:探讨腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除对子宫内膜癌手术病理分期及预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院行系统性盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的68例子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理资料。结果:15例(22.1%)发生淋巴结转移的患者中,12例(17.6%)发生盆腔淋巴结转移,7例(10.3%)发生腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移,其中4例(5.9%)患者同时出现盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移,3例(4.4%)为单纯腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移。临床分期与手术病理分期不符合率为22.1%。术后随访6～57个月,平均26个月,获访率100%,1例复发,1例复发并死亡。结论:系统性盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术不仅对进行准确的手术病理分期,指导术后辅助治疗有重要意义,而且能提供预后相关信息。