Mason手术治疗低位直肠肿瘤85例分析

目的 探讨Mason手术在低位直肠肿瘤切除术中的作用.方法 对采用Mason手术治疗的85例低位直肠肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析.结果 病理检查结果为直肠绒毛状腺瘤29例,直肠癌47例,直肠类癌等9例.直肠癌中Tis期17例,T1期19例,T2期7例,T3期1例,T4期3例.术后合并伤口感染2例(2.3%),直肠皮肤瘘2例(2.3%).无手术死亡,无术后肛门失禁.术后3年和5年生存率分别为100%和95.5%.结论 Mason手术具有手术径路直达,术野宽敞,显露良好,十分适用于低位直肠肿瘤的治疗.     

Mason手术在低位直肠肿瘤切除术中的作用

目的探讨Mason手术在低位直肠肿瘤切除术中的作用。方法对采用Mason手术治疗的85例低位直肠肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析。结果病理检查结果为直肠绒毛状腺瘤29例，直肠癌47例，直肠类癌等9例。直肠癌中Tis期17例，T1期19例，T2期7例，T3期1例，T4期3例。术后合并伤口感染2例（2．3％），直肠皮肤瘘2例（2．3％）。无手术死亡，无术后肛门失禁。术后3年和5年生存率分别为100％和95．5％。结论Mason手术具有手术径路直达，术野宽敞，显露良好，十分适用于低位直肠肿瘤的治疗。     

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目的 探讨经肛门括约肌径路的Mason手术在直肠外科中的应用。方法 回顾分析1990年8月至2002年8月90例中下段直肠疾病病人施行Mason手术的经验。结果 全组中直肠绒毛状腺瘤29例，早期直肠癌34例，进展期直肠癌8例。81例直肠肿瘤中行直肠部分切除术76例，直肠节段切除术5例。术后伤口感染2例(2．2％)，肿瘤局部复发1例(1．1％)。直肠癌组术后3年存活率100％，5年存活率95％。结论 Mason手术具有手术径路直达，术野表浅和显露良好，适用于可行局部切除治疗的中下段直肠良恶性疾病。     

经肛门括约肌直肠肿瘤切除术97例临床疗效

目的探讨经肛门括约肌手术在中低位直肠肿瘤局部切除术中的作用和疗效。方法对1990年3月至2007年3月采用经肛门括约肌手术的97例中低位直肠肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析。结果全组行直肠部分切除术91例,直肠节段切除术6例。术后并发伤口感染5例（5．2％）,直肠皮肤瘘4例（4．2％）。术后病理结果为：直肠绒毛状腺瘤35例,直肠癌50例,直肠类癌等12例。直肠癌中Tis期17例,T1期21例,T2期7例,T3期2例,T4期3例。术后平均随访6．4年（2个月～16年）。术后肿瘤局部复发3例（6．2％）。术后3年和5年生存率分别为93．7％和87．5％。本组无手术死亡,无术后肛门失禁。结论经肛门括约肌直肠肿瘤局部切除术具有手术创伤小、风险低和易于保留肛门等优点,适用于中低位直肠肿瘤的治疗。     

TME及双吻合器在中低位直肠癌保肛手术的应用

目的探讨全直肠系膜切除、双吻合器技术在中低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析25例采用直肠全系膜切除、双吻合器行中低位直肠癌前切除术患者的临床资料。结果全组无手术死亡,术后无大便失禁,吻合口漏发生1例,吻合口狭窄2例。术后随访2-5年,局部复发1例。结论直肠全系膜切除可降低中低位直肠癌术后局部复发,而双吻合器的应用能提高中低位直肠癌的保肛率。     

低位直肠癌的局部切除结果及预后因素分析

目的 总结低位直肠癌局部切除的结果,分析影响预后的因素,探讨提高低位直肠癌局部切除疗效的方法.方法 回顾性分析1985年2月至2007年10月收治的76例低位直肠癌局部切除患者的临床病理资料.结果 76例患者中采用经肛切除69例,经骶切除6例,经阴道切除1例.肿瘤分期其中T1期48例,T2期25例,T3期3例.手术并发症发生率为7.9%,无手术死亡.局部复发率为22.4%,5年总体生存率84.5%.单因素分析提示肿瘤复发与肿瘤的T分期、切缘阳性显著相关,多因素分析显示T分期和切缘距离是与局部复发相关的独立影响因素.生存分析显示黏液腺癌、切缘阳性、血管淋巴管浸润显著影响术后的长期生存,而切缘阳性和血管淋巴管浸润是影响术后长期生存的独立预后因素.结论 局部切除安全性高,合理选择病例是低位直肠癌治愈性局部切除成功的关键.低位直肠癌局部切除的适应证为无高危因素(分化差、血管淋巴管侵犯、黏液腺癌)的T1-2,NO期患者;12期术后应行放化疗.     

经骶低位直肠癌局部切除8例分析

直肠癌多发在直肠中、下段 ,对低位或超低位直肠癌有选择的采用经骶局部切除的手术方式 ,有一定的临床价值 ,该方法创伤小 ,大大提高了患者的术后生活质量。我院 1996年 2月至 2 0 0 2年 1月行经骶低位直肠癌局部切除手术 8例 ,取得了较满意的疗效 ,现将结果报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :本组 8例中男 3例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 2 6～ 6 8岁。肿瘤按 Dukes分期 A期 5例 ,B期 3例。肿瘤分类为腺瘤或息肉恶变 5例 ,高分化腺癌 1例 ,低分化腺癌 2例 ,肿瘤下缘距齿状线 2～ 4 cm。1.2　手术适应证 :本组病例均有以下适应证 :肿瘤下缘距齿线 2…     

经肛门括约肌手术在直肠外科中的应用

目的 探讨经肛门括约肌路径的手术(Mason手术)在直肠外科中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1990年8月至2008年12月150例中下段直肠疾病患者施行Mason手术的经验. 结果150例中直肠绒毛状腺瘤75例,早期直肠癌48例,进展期直肠癌9例.以直肠类癌为主的黏膜下结节23例,直肠肿瘤中行直肠部分切除术120例,直肠节段切除术6例.直肠阴道/尿道瘘21例,其中一次修补成功者17例(81%).术后伤口积液感染6例(4%),直肠-皮肤瘘5例.获随访的46例早期直肠癌中2例肿瘤局部复发(2/46).其中存活超过5年者39例,占84.5%(39/46).150例术后均未发生肛门失禁.结论 Mason手术具有手术进路直达,术野表浅和显露良好的特点,适用于可行局部手术治疗的中下段直肠良恶性疾病.     

直肠拖出式吻合在腹腔镜低位直肠癌Dixon手术中的应用

目的:探讨直肠癌拖出式吻合在腹腔镜低位直肠癌Dixon手术中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2010年6月至2014年6月行腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术(Dixon术)并经肛门直肠拖出式吻合16例患者的临床资料,观察腹腔镜直肠癌拖出式吻合的手术效果。结果:16例均顺利完成保肛手术,无一例中转开腹。手术时间平均(175±55)min,术中出血量平均(80±45)ml;切除肿瘤长径0.8~4.0 cm,切除标本远端切缘距离瘤体≥2 cm,切缘阴性率100%,淋巴结转移0~9枚。TNM分期:Ⅰ期2例,ⅡA期1例,ⅢA期6例,ⅢB期3例,ⅢC期4例。术后胃肠功能恢复时间平均(35±7)h,尿管拔除时间平均(5±2)d,术后平均住院(10±3)d。无吻合口漏发生,发生前切除术后综合征3例。术后随访3~48个月,1例局部复发,1例肝转移。结论:直肠癌拖出式吻合在腹腔镜低位直肠癌Dixon术中可提高保肛率,改善患者术后生活质量,减少肿瘤的局部复发与种植转移。     

腹腔镜全系膜切除术联合经肛门内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌42例

目的探讨腹腔镜全系膜切除术（TME）联合经肛门内括约肌切除保肛术（ISR）治疗超低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选择2009年1月至2012年6月42例超低位直肠癌患者采用腹腔镜TME联合ISR术治疗。按TME原则完全游离切除直肠后,经肛门内括约肌切除,完成超低位直肠癌保肛手术。对患者的临床资料、术后并发症及随访结果进行分析。结果42例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹或者改行Mile’s术式,13例行回肠预防性造口,2例发生吻合口瘘,经保守治疗治愈。所有患者术后肛门括约肌功能比较满意,无围手术期死亡。随访9-40个月,1例于术后15个月发生肝脏多发转移再次入院进一步治疗。结论对于术前评估早中期超低位直肠癌,特别是肿瘤没有侵犯肛门内括约肌,采用腹腔镜TME联合IRS术是安全可行的,提高了保肛成功率,提高患者术后生活质量且局部复发率低。     

120例直肠疾病患者经肛门括约肌路径手术的临床疗效

目的探讨经肛门括约肌路径的手术（Mason手术）在直肠外科中的应用。方法回顾分析1990年8月至2005年8月同120例中下段直肠疾病患者施行Mason手术的临床资料。结果全组直肠绒毛状腺瘤61例。其中伴癌变者26例；直肠癌25例；直肠黏膜下结节17例；直肠阴道瘘13例；直肠尿道瘘1例；直肠良性狭窄3例。103例直肠肿物中行直肠部分切除术98例，直肠节段切除术5例。术后伤口感染2例（1．7％），直肠。皮肤瘘4例（3．3％）。肿瘤局部复发3例（2．9％）。全组术后无发生肛门失禁者。确诊直肠癌的51例患者术后存活逾5年者达90．2％。结论Mason手术具有手术径路直达、术野表浅和显露良好的优势。适用于可行局部手术治疗的中下段直肠良、恶性疾病。     

Tumour morphology as a predictor of outcome after local excision of rectal cancer

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the morphology of rectal cancer predicts outcome following treatment by local excision, and whether morphology should therefore be added to the criteria presently used for case selection. METHODS: The hospital notes and histological findings of 91 patients who had undergone a local surgical procedure for rectal cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Eight patient and tumour characteristics including morphology were analysed with respect to 5-year survival, local recurrence and cancer-specific death within 5 years. Morphology was divided into four types: polypoid, sessile, ulcerated and flat raised. RESULTS: Survival and local recurrence were significantly better for patients with exophytic (polypoid and sessile) carcinomas than for those with non-exophytic (ulcerated and flat raised) lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion were significant predictors of outcome. The exophytic group included significantly more stage T1 and fewer T2 and T3 cancers, and a significantly smaller proportion of tumours that showed venous and lymphatic invasion than the non-exophytic group. CONCLUSION: Morphology is a clinical guide to prognosis after local excision. Non-exophytic cancers are associated with high-risk histopathological features that render tumours of this type unsuitable for local excision.     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术107例临床分析

目的探讨直肠癌全直肠系膜切除法在直肠癌中的应用。方法回顾性分析107例直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除的临床资料。本组病例行Miles术式18例;Dixon术式89例,其中76例使用吻合器吻合。结果全组术中出血100-150ml,术中术后均无输血。术后发生吻合口瘘3例,占2.8%。性功能障碍1例,占0.93%。排尿功能障碍1例,占0.93%。术口感染12例,占11.21%。随访6-42个月,局部复发率4.67%（5/107）。结论直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术,对提高直肠癌术后患者生存质量和生活质量确有裨益。     

中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移的研究

目的探讨中下段直肠癌系膜转移与临床病理特征的关系。方法对56例行直肠系膜全切除的中下段直肠癌采用病理大切片法检测直肠系膜转移情况,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移率为64．3％（36／56）。直肠系膜淋巴结转移率为51．8％（29／56）;直肠系膜癌巢阳性率44．6％（25／56）。直肠系膜转移病灶距肿瘤远端最远有5cm。肿瘤直径35cm中下段直肠癌系膜转移率为83．3％（15／18）,而肿瘤直径＜5cm仅为55．3％（21／38）（P=0．041）。T1、T2和T3期直肠癌直肠系膜转移率分别为1／6、56．6％（13／23）和81．5％（22／27）（P=0．007）。高分化、中分化和低分化直肠癌直肠系膜转移率分别为1／5、63．2％（23／37）和85．7％（12／14）（P=0．028）。I期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期直肠癌直肠系膜转移率分别为1／5、27．3％（6／22）和100％（29／29）（P=0．000）。直肠系膜转移率与性别、年龄、肿瘤侵袭肠壁周径、Ming分型无关（P＞0．05）。结论中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移与肿瘤直径、浸润深度、分化程度和分期密切相关。中下段直肠癌应行直肠系膜全切除或远端直肠系膜切除至少5cm。     

Local excision of stratified T1 rectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Local excision has been accepted therapy for T1 rectal cancers. A recent study demonstrated that primary tumors with deeper submucosal invasion were associated with a higher rate of lymph node metastases than those with shallow invasion. Our aim was to determine the effect of the depth of submucosal penetration on recurrence and mortality rates following transrectal excision of T1 tumors. METHODS: This was a 34-year retrospective review of patients who had transrectal excision with clear margins for T1 rectal cancer. Tumors were stratified into submucosal (SM) levels, and recurrence and mortality rates were determined. RESULTS: Of 101 patients with T1 rectal cancer undergoing local excision, 31 had a full-thickness transrectal excision. Eight (26%) of the 31 patients developed a local recurrence, 2 of whom had both a local and distant recurrence. Four patients (13%) died from metastatic rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence rate for transrectal excision of T1 rectal cancer is high. It may be beneficial for patients with early rectal cancer to have postoperative chemoradiation therapy or a more radical surgical procedure.     

Prognostic implications of circumferential location of distal rectal cancer

Aim This study evaluated the prognostic importance of circumferential tumour position of mid and low rectal cancers. Method All uT2, uT3 and uT4 tumours of the middle and lower rectum that underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) with curative intent between 1996 and 2006 were included. The predominant circumferential tumour position (anterior, posterior or circumferential) was defined on preoperative endorectal ultrasound examination (ERUS). The relationships between tumour position and other characteristics and recurrence were explored. Results Two hundred and five patients with distal rectal cancer were operated on for a uT2‐T4 tumour. Median follow up was 49 months. The location of the tumour was predominantly anterior, posterior or circumferential in 128, 49 and 27 patients, respectively. Anterior tumours were more likely to receive neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0.016) and perioperative blood transfusion (P = 0.012). No significant differences were observed between circumferential position and pT or pN stage, circumferential resection margin involvement or mesorectal excision quality. Sixty‐three (30.7%) patients developed recurrence, which was local only in 16 (7.8%). Although tumours involving 360° of the rectal wall had a higher risk of local recurrence (P = 0.048), those with a predominant anterior or posterior position were not related to a higher risk of local or overall recurrence. Conclusion Anterior rectal tumours do not differ in pathological characteristics from posterior tumours, and their prognosis is no worse when circumferential resection is complete.     

Transanal excision of early rectal carcinoma—review of a personal series

Transanal excision of small rectal tumours is a relatively minor procedure that is potentially curable and can be employed in selected cases of rectal cancer. The outcome of 22 cases treated by local excision was reviewed. This represented 9% of patients treated for rectal cancer over the study period. All patients had a transanal excision with curative intent and included three patients who were medically unfit for a major procedure. Follow up was for a minimum of 5 years or until death if this was earlier. The mean age was 65.7 years with 10 males and 12 females. The 5‐year recurrence rate was 27% (five of 22). The crude 5‐year survival for curative resection was 77%. Of the 22 local excisions, 10 were T1 and 12 were T2. The size of tumour varied from 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm. Eight were well differentiated, 10 moderate and two poorly differentiated. Two of the earlier cases in the series were unclassified. There were six recurrences, all of which were extraluminal. Three recurrences were in less than 3 years (early recurrence) and three beyond this time. Of the recurrences, one presented with liver metastases within 2 months of surgery, one was unfit for a major procedure and subsequently died of a myocardial infarction. The remaining patients with recurrences had salvage surgery. Three are still alive and one died over 5 years after a local excision, with the presence of recurrence. All recurrences were of T2 stage, with moderate (n=5) or poor differentiation (n=1). Three of the six tumours measuring > 3 cm recurred compared with three of the 16 tumours between 0.5 cm and 3 cm. Analysis of these cases demonstrates that local resection of small rectal tumours can give good results and salvage operation is possible in the event of recurrence. Long term follow up is recommended because of risks of late recurrence. The best prognosis group appears to be with the well‐differentiated T1 tumours with no involved margins.