2013—2015年玉溪市易门县公共场所监测结果

目的了解玉溪市易门县公共场所公共用品消毒质量,客观评价公共场所卫生水平,为加强易门县公共场所的卫生监督管理提供依据。方法按照GB/T 17220-1998《公共场所监测技术规范》和GB/T 18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》。对3年来880家公共场所经营单位的监测结果进行分析。按照WS/T 205-2001《公共场所卫生标准》进行分析和评价。结果 3年共监测公共场所公共用品1 801份,合格1 545份,合格率为85.8%,2013—2015年的合格率分别为82.7%、84.6%、89.8%,3年合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.61,P0.01)。不同场所公共用品的消毒合格率中,旅店业为93.9%,理发美容场所为87.5%,文化娱乐场所为76.2%,不同行业间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=64.29,P0.01)。3年共监测不同行业空气菌落总数880份,合格845份,合格率为96.0%。结论易门县公共场所空气质量状况较好,但公共用品的卫生消毒质量虽然逐年提高,但仍需要进一步加强监督监测管理,尤其是娱乐场所公共用品的卫生状况不容乐观,应重点加强卫生监督监测和消毒管理工作,提高卫生消毒质量。     

亳州市2013年公共场所卫生监测结果分析

目的了解亳州市公共场所卫生状况,为加强公共场所卫生监督监测工作,提高公共场所卫生质量提供依据。方法依据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》采样检测,依据《公共场所卫生标准》对检测结果进行评价。结果 353家公共场所的室内环境监测户数合格率为89.2%,卫生指标合格率为96.9%。135家公共场所的公共用品监测户数合格率为88.1%,卫生指标合格率为97.4%。室内环境监测指标中,娱乐场所噪声、CO2、相对湿度、CO和细菌总数合格率均低于其他场所结果,差异有统计学意义。公共用品用具检测指标中,公共浴室和娱乐场所茶具细菌总数合格率低于其他公共场所的结果,差异有统计学意义。结论亳州市公共场所卫生状况总体水平有待提高,尤其要加强该市娱乐场所和公共浴室的卫生监督管理,以有效提高当地各类公共场所的卫生水平。     

2014年-2015年惠州市大亚湾区公共场所公共用品卫生状况分析

目的了解大亚湾区公共场所卫生状况,提出切实可行的预防控制管理措施,为卫生监督部门制定出更好的监督管理制度提供科学依据。方法依据GB/T 17220—2013《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》进行采样和GB/T 18204—2013《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》进行检验检测。结果 2014年共检测1 015份样品,合格934份,合格率为92.02%,2015年共检测1 054份样品,合格999份,合格率为94.78%,两年检测样品的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.423,P0.05)。第二季度合格率最低,与其他季度比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.939,P0.05)。文化娱乐场所公共用品合格率最高,其次是宾馆旅店类,最差的是美容美发店,不同类别公共场所用品合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=106.205,P0.05)。菌落总数和大肠菌群总合格率分别为95.75%和98.65%,金黄色葡萄球菌均未检出。结论大亚湾区公共场所公共用品卫生质量总体情况较好,但也存在一定的安全隐患,建议卫生监督部门加强卫生监督力度,确保公共卫生安全。     

2010—2014年重庆市开县公共场所卫生监测结果

目的对近5年重庆市开县公共场所的卫生监测结果进行统计分析,为进一步改善该县公共场所卫生状况提供科学依倨。方法依据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》和《公共场所卫生标准》进行采样、检测和评价。结果 2010—2014年监测公共场所各类项目共37 610份,合格率为99.03%;室内环境监测项目中空气细菌总数合格率最低,为97.29%;公共用品用具监测项目中细菌总数合格率最低,为96.56%;各类公共场所中饭馆(餐厅)合格率最低,为79.75%;微生物指标中毛巾合格率最低,为93.57%;城区和乡镇公共场所合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.052,P0.05)。结论开县公共场所卫生状况总体水平良好,建议进一步落实公共用品用具的清洗、消毒制度和加强对乡镇公共场所的监管力度。     

宁夏住宿场所公共用品用具卫生状况调查

目的掌握宁夏回族自治区住宿场所公共用品用具卫生状况,加强卫生监督管理。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准监测检验方法》进行抽样检测。结果 2012—2013年共监督监测345家住宿场所,采样3 283份,合格3 079份,样品合格率为93.79%。2年间三星级及以上住宿场所合格率高于普通旅店、招待所(二者差异有统计学意义,χ2=57.359,P<0.01);公共用品用具中,床上卧具合格率96.74%;脸(脚)盆合格率为86.62%。结论宁夏住宿场所应有重点地加强卫生监督监测工作。     

吴忠市公共场所卫生状况和消毒效果调查与分析

目的了解吴忠市公共场所的卫生状况,促进公共场所的卫生管理,提高公共场所卫生质量。方法对吴忠市公共场所抽样监测,采用GB/T18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》及《公共场所卫生标准》方法进行检测和评价。结果共采集公共用品样550份,合格率80.54%,其中旅店业352份、洗浴业38份、美容美发业160份,合格率分别是85.79%、68.42%、71.87%(P0.01),差异有统计学意义。结论吴忠市公共场所卫生状况总体较好,但洗浴业的卫生状况相对较差,应进一步加强监督管理。     

上海市某中心城区公共场所卫生监测结果分析与对策

目的了解上海市某中心城区公共场所卫生状况,为加强公共场所卫生监督监测工作提供依据。方法监测方法为《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》,判断依据为《公共场所卫生标准》。结果共监测693家各类公共场所,其中室内环境8930项次,总合格率为96.4%,宾馆合格率最高,为99.1%,饭店合格率最低,为92.9%,各场所室内环境监测结果差别有统计学意义;公共场所公共用品4597件,总合格率为98.4%,饭店合格率最高,为99.1%,娱乐场所最低,为97.0%,各场所公共用品监测结果差别有统计学意义。结论公共场所卫生状况总体水平较好,与高品位商业商务区和高品质生活居住区相匹配,但仍需以全面贯彻落实新版《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》为契机,不断完善卫生标准、检验方法与各种规范性文件,加强对公共场所从业人员的培训,提升公共场所监督监测水准。     

2015年驻马店市旅店业公共用品卫生监测结果分析

目的了解驻马店市旅店业公共用品卫生状况,找到影响消毒质量的因素,为加强公共场所监督管理提供科学依据。方法按照《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T18204-2000)进行检验,对驻马店市2015年旅店业公共用品检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2015年共检测旅店业公共用品1 048件,总合格率为90.65%。不同种类的公共用品检测,茶具最高,合格率为98.13%,床上用品最低,合格率为84.85%,4类公共用品合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=42.97,P<0.01)。不同卫生信誉度等级旅店监测,A级旅店合格率最高,合格率94.87%,C级旅店合格率最低,合格率87.06%,3个级别的旅店合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.48,P<0.01)。结论驻马店市旅店业公共用品消毒质量尚可,但仍存在薄弱环节,今后还要加强卫生监督监测工作,为消费者提供符合卫生标准的公共用品。     

2002～2007年大理白族地区部分宾馆、酒店公共用品和食(饮)具消毒监测

[目的]掌握大理州三星级以上宾馆、酒店的公共用品和食(饮)具卫生消毒状况,为卫生监督提供依据.[方法]根据GB 9663-1996<公共场所卫生标准>、GB/T 18204.1～30-2000<公共场所卫生标准检验方法>、GB 14934-94<食(饮)餐具消毒卫生标准>对2002～2007年大理州三星级以上宾馆、酒店的公共用品和食(饮)具卫生消毒效果进行监测.[结果]2002～2007年共检测公共用品2 322份,合格的2 224份,总合格率为95.78%.6年间合格率呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).检测食(饮)具2 517份 ,合格的2 196份,总合格率为85.20%.6年间合格率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).公共用品消毒合格率高于食(饮)具,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]大理州三星级以上宾馆、酒店的公共用品和食(饮)具卫生状况逐年改善,但应加强卫生监督监测,进一步提高卫生消毒质量.     

2011—2013年清远市公共场所卫生检测结果

目的了解清远市公共场所卫生质量状况,找出影响其卫生质量的主要因素,为加强公共场所的卫生监督管理提供依据。方法按照"公共场所监测技术规范"和"公共场所卫生标准检验方法"的要求对清远市公共场所的空气及公共用品进行抽样和检测,按照"公共场所卫生标准"及"公共场所用品卫生标准"进行分析和评价。结果 2011—2013年共监测公共场所空气样品6 342份,总合格率为90.81%。医院候诊室空气合格率最高(95.00%),公共交通等候室最低(84.48%)。公共用品共监测50 840份,总合格率为90.35%。美容美发工具类合格率最高(98.84%),拖鞋最低(78.02%)。旅店业卫生质量合格率最高(95.10%),文化娱乐场所最低(77.55%)。结论清远市公共场所的卫生质量总体水平良好,但公共交通等候室的空气及文化娱乐场所的公共用品卫生状况不容乐观,其卫生质量有待进一步提高,应加强卫生监督管理。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.