磷酸奥司米韦的合成

（-）-莽草酸经酯化、丙酮保护、甲磺酰化、缩酮交换、还原开环和闭环反应得中间体环氧化物,之后经叠氮开环氧、staudinger反应合成氮丙啶中间体,然后再用叠氮开氮丙啶环、氨基乙酰化、还原叠氮基后与磷酸成盐得到抗流感病毒药磷酸奥司米韦.重点优化了丙酮保护、氮丙啶形成和叠氮还原3个步骤.避免了使用价格较贵的试剂,以及严格无水且易燃易爆的苛刻反应条件,总收率约为14%.     

(S)-1-(N-烯丙氧羰基)亚胺乙基-3-巯基吡咯烷的合成

目的 合成帕尼培南关键中间体 (S)-1-( N-烯丙氧羰基)亚胺乙基-3-巯基吡咯烷。方法 以氯甲酸烯丙酯为酰化剂,与盐酸乙脒进行 N-酰化反应得到 1-亚胺乙基氨基甲酸烯丙酯,该化合物与 3-R-羟基吡咯烷进行缩合,再经甲磺酰化、S_N2 取代、水解共 5 步反应得到目标化合物。结果与结论 该合成路线中使用新型保护基烯丙氧羰基替代传统的保护基—对硝基苄氧羰基,目标化合物的结构经 ¹H-NMR、MS 谱确证,总收率为 41.6%,各步反应操作简便,条件温和,有利于工业化生产。     

抗白血病药他米巴罗汀的合成工艺改进

目的 改进抗白血病药他米巴罗汀的合成工艺。方法 以2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇为起始原料,经傅克反应、水解、酰化、水解 4步反应制得目标化合物他米巴罗汀。结果与结论 目标化合物的结构经IR、1H-NMR、ESI-MS谱及元素分析确证,总收率为38.8%,该合成路线反应步骤短,操作简便,成本低廉,有利于工业化生产。     

抗高血压药物阿利克仑的合成研究

目的 研究抗高血压药阿利克仑的化学合成方法。方法 以光学纯中间体(3S,5S,1′S,3′S)-5-(1′-叠氮基-3′-羟甲基-4′-甲基戊基)-3-异丙基二氢呋喃-2-酮为起始原料,经氧化、亲核加成、氢化、Boc 保护、氨解、脱保护等反应得到阿利克仑游离碱。结果与结论 以总收率 35.7 % 合成阿利克仑。该合成路线反应步骤简短,操作简便,收率高,反应条件温和,适合工业化生产。     

磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂 XL765的合成

目的 对磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂XL765进行合成工艺研究。方法 以邻苯二胺、草酸为起始原料经过环合、氯代、氯磺化、磺酰化、取代、还原以及酰胺化制得XL765。结果与结论 经过6步反应合成目标化合物XL765,化学结构经1H-NMR及MS确证。对其中多步反应条件进行了工艺考察及优化,总收率为31.5%(以邻苯二胺计),高于文献报道收率(25.5%)。     

抗肿瘤药物 linifanib 的合成

目的 合成抗肿瘤药物 linifanib 并优化其工艺。方法 以 2,6-二氟苯甲腈为原料经取代、重氮化、环合等 4 步反应制得关键中间体3-氨基-4-碘吲唑（5）;以对氟硝基苯为原料经 Suzuki 偶联、还原、缩合反应得到关键中间体1-(2-氟-5-甲基苯基)-3-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环硼乙烷-2-基)苯基]脲（10）;中间体 5 与 10 经 Suzuki 偶联反应制得抗肿瘤药 linifanib。结果 目标化合物的结构经¹H-NMR 谱和质谱确证,总收率为39.4%。结论 与文献报道的工艺比较, 新工艺成本低廉,操作简单,反应时间缩短,有利于工业化生产。     

他唑巴坦的合成新方法

目的 研究他唑巴坦的合成新方法。方法 以2α-甲基-2β-氯甲基青霉烷酸二苯甲酯(2)为原料,经碘代、1,2,3-三氮唑取代、氧化、脱保护4步反应得到他唑巴坦。结果与结论 他唑巴坦及关键中间体的结构经1H-NMR, MS, IR确证,目标化合物的4步反应总收率为51.3 %。该合成路线具有原料易得、反应步骤少、收率高、安全性高、操作简便的特点。     

帕尼培南关键中间体2-酮碳青霉烷-3-羧酸对硝基苄酯的合成改进

目的 合成帕尼培南关键中间体(3R,5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-羟乙基]碳青霉烷-2酮-3-羧酸对硝基苄酯。方法 以对硝基苯甲醛为起始原料，经还原、酯化、重氮化、烯醇化、与单环β-内酰胺结合、水解及环合等7步反应制得目标化合物。结果与结论 合成的目标化合物经IR、¹H-NMR、MS确证结构，总收率达60.7 %。该合成工艺省去文献中两步需要分离纯化的步骤，使合成路线大为简化。     

含吡啶结构的二苯基丙酸衍生物的合成及生物活性研究

目的 设计合成一类以 (S)-2-羟基-3-甲氧基-3,3-二苯基丙酸为母体的新型内皮素受体拮抗剂并对其生物活性进行研究。方法 二苯甲酮和氯乙酸甲酯在甲醇钠存在下发生 Darzen 反应,再经过开环反应和水解反应得到 α-羟基酸,α-羟基酸经拆分得到手性羟基丙酸中间体,该中间体与硝基吡啶系列化合物发生双分子亲核取代反应制得目标化合物。通过大鼠离体动脉环实验测定目标化合物对内皮素受体的拮抗作用。结果 合成了 5 个未见报道的新化合物,化合物的结构经¹H-NMR 谱确证,并且对它们的比旋光度进行了测定。结论 大鼠离体动脉环实验结果显示目标化合物具有明显的内皮素受体拮抗作用。     

哌库溴铵的合成研究

目的 合成哌库溴铵。方法 以5α-表雄酮为原料，经磺酰化、消除、烯醇酯化、双环氧化、N-甲基哌嗪开环、乙酰化、与甲磺酸甲酯成季铵盐、与溴化锂进行阴离子交换共9步反应合成哌库溴铵。结果与结论 产物结构经核磁共振谱、红外光谱、高分辨率质谱等确认，总收率为17％，该合成方法适用于工业生产。     

盐酸决奈达隆的合成

对硝基苯酚经氯甲基化、与三苯膦成鏻鎓盐、酯化、Wittig反应、付一克反应及脱甲基得到2-正丁基-3-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)-5-硝基苯并呋喃,再与N-(3-氯丙基)二正丁胺经醚化、催化氢化、甲磺酰化得到决奈达隆,最后与盐酸成盐制得盐酸决奈达隆,总收率约28%.     

One-pot highly stereoselective synthesis of cyano aziridines via the CuCl-catalyzed aminochlorination of α,β-unsaturated nitriles and intramolecular S(N) 2 substitution

An efficient one-pot system has been developed for the synthesis of cyano aziridine by using α,β-unsaturated nitriles as the alkene substrates and N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (4-TsNCl(2) ) as the nitrogen source. A good scope of alkene substrates was achieved for this reaction. The one-pot reaction, via aminohalogenation and intramolecular S(N) 2 substitution, was very convenient to carry out at room temperature without the protection of inert gases. Modest to good yields and excellent have been obtained. This method provides an easy route to the cyano aziridine. The structure of the resulting products has been unambiguously confirmed by X-ray structural analysis.     

(4S)-1-芴甲氧羰基-4-叠氮基-L-脯氨酸的合成

目的合成用于caspofungin类似物全合成的关键中间体--(4S)-1-芴甲氧羰基-4-叠氮基-L-脯氨酸.方法以(4R)-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸乙酯(2)为原料,经羟基甲磺酰化、叠氮基取代、酯水解、氨基脱叔丁氧羰基保护及9-芴甲氧羰基再保护合成了关键氨基酸中间体(4S)-1-芴甲氧羰基-4-叠氮基-L-脯氨酸,通过质谱(MS)和氢谱(1H-NMR)确证其结构.结果该工艺反应条件温和、操作简便、收率高,总收率达62.3%.     

瑞他妙林的合成

α-托品醇(4)经甲磺酰化、与乙基黄原酸钾进行亲核取代反应、水解、与盐酸成盐得外-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-硫醇盐酸盐(7)。另用截短侧耳素经甲磺酰化后与7发生亲核取代反应制得瑞他妙林,总收率为43%(以4计)。     

Induction of DNA strand breaks by RSU-1069, a nitroimidazole-aziridine radiosensitizer. Role of binding of both unreduced and radiation-reduced forms to DNA, in vitro

[2-14C]-RSU-1069 [1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-(1-aziridino)-2-propanol], either as a parent (unreduced) or following radiation reduction, binds to calf thymus DNA in vitro. Radiation-reduced RSU-1069 binds to a greater extent and more rapidly than the parent compound. RSU-1137, a nonaziridino analogue of RSU-1069, binds following radiation reduction. Radiation-reduced misonidazole (1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol) exhibits binding ratios a thousand-fold less than those of reduced RSU-1069. There is no evidence for binding of parent misonidazole. Both parent and reduced RSU-1069 cause single strand breaks (ssbs) in pSV2 gpt plasmid DNA with the reduced compound causing a greater number of breaks. Parent and reduced RSU-1137 and misonidazole do not cause ssbs. It is inferred that the aziridine moiety present in both parent and reduced RSU-1069 is required for ssb production. RSU-1069 reacts with inorganic phosphate probably via nucleophilic ring-opening of the aziridine fragment. Incubation of plasmid DNA with reduced RSU-1069 in the presence of either phosphate or deoxyribose-5-phosphate at concentrations greater than 0.35 mol dm-3 prevents strand breakage, whereas 1.2 mol dm-3 deoxyribose does not protect against strand breakage formation. From these findings it is proposed that the observed binding to DNA occurs via the aziridine and the reduced nitro group of RSU-1069 and that these two have different target sites. Binding to DNA via the reduced nitro group may serve to increase aziridine attack due to localization at or near its target.     

Synthesis of (1R,2R)‐ and (1S,2R)‐1,2‐Epoxy‐3‐hydroxypropylphosphonates as Analogues of Fosfomycin

Cyclohexylammonium (1R,2R)‐1,2‐epoxy‐3‐hydroxypropylphosphonate was conveniently synthesized from dibenzyl (1S,2R)‐2,3‐O‐cyclohexylidene‐1,2,3‐trihydroxypropylphosphonate by a reaction sequence including mesylation, hydrolysis of acetal, intramolecular Williamson reaction, and hydrogenation in the presence of cyclohexylamine. For dibenzyl (1S,2R)‐2,3‐O‐cyclohexylidene‐1,2,3‐trihydroxypropylphosphonates the same approach was not successful, since prior the epoxide‐ring closure tritylation of HO–C3 in dibenzyl (1R,2R)‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐1‐mesyloxypropylphosphonate was necessary and the hydrogenolysis of dibenzyl (1S,2R)‐1,2‐epoxy‐3‐trityloxypropylphosphonate yielded a complex reaction mixture.     

异环磷酰胺的合成

氮杂环丙烷和3-氯丙醇经缩合、与三氯氧磷反应制得2-氯-3-（2-氯乙基）-1，3，2-氧氮磷杂环己烷-2-氧化物，再与2-氯乙胺盐酸盐缩合得到异环磷酰胺，总收率22．7％（以3-氯丙醇计）。     

Effect of nitroreduction on the alkylating reactivity and cytotoxicity of the 2,4-dinitrobenzamide-5-aziridine CB 1954 and the corresponding nitrogen mustard SN 23862: distinct mechanisms of bioreductive activation

The dinitrobenzamide aziridine CB 1954 (1) and its nitrogen mustard analogue SN 23862 (6) are prodrugs that are activated by enzymatic nitroreduction in tumors. Bioactivation of 1 is considered to be due to reduction of its 4-nitro group to the hydroxylamine and subsequent formation of the N-acetoxy derivative; this acts as a reactive center, in concert with the aziridine moiety, to provide a bifunctional DNA cross-linking agent (Knox model). It is currently unclear whether bioactivation of 6 occurs by the same mechanism or results from the electronic effects of nitroreduction on reactivity of the nitrogen mustard moiety. To discriminate between these mechanisms, we have synthesized the hydroxylamine and amine derivatives of 1 and 6, plus related compounds, and determined their alkylating reactivities in aqueous solution, using LC/MS to identify reaction pathways. The relationships between substituent electronic effects, reactivity, and cytotoxicity were determined using the UV4 cell line, which is defective in nucleotide excision repair (thus avoiding differences in repair kinetics). Alkylating reactivity correlated with the electron-donating character of the ortho or para substituent in the case of the mustards, with a less marked electronic effect for the aziridines. Importantly, there was a highly significant linear relationship between cytotoxic potency and alkylating reactivity in both the aziridine and the mustard series, with the notable exception of 4, the 4-hydroxylamine of 1, which was 300-fold more toxic than predicted by this relationship. This demonstrates that the high potency of 4 does not result from activation of the aziridine ring, supporting the Knox model. The single-step bioactivation of 6, to amino or hydroxylamine metabolites with similar potency to 4, is a potential advantage in the use of dinitrobenzamide mustards as prodrugs for activation by nitroreductases.     

磷酸奥司他韦致消化道出血不良反应文献分析

目的:分析磷酸奥司他韦致消化道出血不良反应的发生情况及特点,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法:采用回顾性研究的方法,检索PubMed、Web of Science、Springer Link、Embase、CNKI、万方、维普等数据库中关于磷酸奥司他韦致消化道出血不良反应的个案报道文献,检索时间为各数据库自建库至2020年...     

Interaction of the aziridine moiety of RSU-1069 with nucleotides and inorganic phosphate. Implications for alkylation of DNA

The aziridine moiety of RSU-1069 (1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-(1-aziridino-2-propanol] alkylates inorganic phosphate and a range of nucleotides in aqueous solutions of pH 7.0. From the rate constants obtained and a study of the adducts formed it is demonstrated that phosphate is a major target on nucleotides at neutral pH, although additional sites may exist particularly on dGMP and dAMP. From the dependence of reactivity on pH and the influence of ionic strength, it is established that the protonated aziridine is the reactive species and that hydrolysis is insignificant when compared to the rate of phosphorylation. The reaction kinetics detailed in this study are discussed in terms of DNA alkylation and strand breakage effected by the aziridine moiety of RSU-1069.