卵巢癌病人的心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的　测定卵巢癌病人心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法　采用症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )及自编的心理健康状况影响因素调查表 ,测定 30例卵巢癌病人心理健康状况症状特点及其影响因素 ,并以 30例正常人作为对照。结果　卵巢癌病人 SCL-90总分显著高于正常人 ,P<0 .0 1 ,人际敏感因子分显著低于正常人 ,P<0 .0 5,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑 3个因素分显著高于正常人 ,P<0 .0 1。结论　卵巢癌病人的总体心理健康状况较差 ,提示在治疗及护理卵巢癌病人躯体症状的同时 ,应注意观察病人的心理状况变化 ,并进行相应的心理治疗及护理 ,防止其不良情绪的发生 ,从而使病人以良好的心态接受治疗及护理     

放松训练对中考学生心理健康的影响

目的　研究放松训练对中考学生心理健康的影响 ,为中考生心理健康水平的提高 ,减轻考前焦虑提供干预措施。方法　选择同一学校两班初中三年级的学生 ,分别作为对照组 ( n=78)和放松训练组 ( n=80 )。中考前的 3个月开始进行全身放松训练 ,每天约 2 5分钟 ,连续两个半月。比较训练前后两组考生的心理健康水平 ,并评价放松训练的效果。结果　对照组在考前半个月 SCL-90的总均分、阳性项目数和焦虑、强迫、躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁等因子分和 SAS总均分均显著高于 3个月前 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ;放松训练组考生经 2个半月的放松训练后 ,其 SCL-90的总均分和焦虑、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、躯体化等因子分以及 SAS总均分均显著低于放松训练前 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ,且阳性项目数、总均分以及焦虑、强迫、抑郁、躯体化、人际敏感等因子分和 SAS总均分均显著低于对照组中考前半月的相应分值 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 )。结论　随着中考的临近考生的心身反应增多加重 ,心理健康水平明显下降 ;放松训练能有效改善考生的多种心身反应和紧张焦虑状况 ,有利于考生的心理健康     

冠心病患者的个性特征、心理状态及其生活质量的调查研究

目的　探讨冠心病患者的个性特征、心理状态及其生活质量。方法　采用艾森克个性问卷 ( EPQ)、症状自评量表( SCL-90 )及生活质量综合评定问卷 ( GQOLI)对 3 8例冠心病患者进行了测试 ,并同 3 8名健康人加以比较。结果　 1冠心病组的 N维度 T分明显高于健康对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;2冠心病组的 SCL-90各因子分均明显高于健康对照组 ( P<0 .0 5或P<0 .0 1 ) ,突出表现在躯体化、恐怖、焦虑及抑郁 4个方面 ;3冠心病组的总体生活质量较健康对照组差 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,涉及到躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能及物质生活 4个维度 ,其中以躯体健康和心理健康影响最大。结论　冠心病患者病前个性以情绪不稳多见 ,并存在着诸多方面的心理问题 ,其生活质量较差     

广东省翁源县妇女孕期抑郁水平及影响因素的调查分析

目的调查广东省翁源县妇女孕期抑郁的水平并分析其影响因素,为孕期心理保健提供重要依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样的方法,抽取在广东省翁源县妇幼保健院住院分娩的产妇进行问卷调查。结果 206名调查对象中,抑郁量表平均得分为（40.75±9.42）分,孕期抑郁症的患病率为14.56%。多因素分析表明,年龄≥35岁、家庭人均收入〈2000元/月、主观支持得分低的孕妇孕期抑郁水平高。结论年龄、家庭经济状况、主观支持情况对妇女孕期抑郁水平有影响,应有针对性地开展心理卫生健康教育和心理咨询工作。     

秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况调查研究

目的　了解秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况及其影响的主要因素。方法　采用 SCL-90临床症状自评量表随机对陕西省安康地区双溪乡初中学生进行心理健康测查。结果　秦巴山区双溪乡初中学生心理健康状况与全国初中学生心理健康常模比较 ,并未出现显著性差异 ;影响初中男生心理健康因素从大到小的顺序为 :抑郁 >躯体化 >焦虑 >强迫 >精神病性 >恐怖 >人际关系 >偏执 >其它 >敌对 ;影响女生心理健康因素从大到小的顺序为 :抑郁 >躯体化 >焦虑 >人际关系>强迫 >精神病性 >恐怖 >敌对 >其它 >偏执。结论　秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况良好。影响秦巴山区初中学生心理健康的最主要因素为 :抑郁、躯体化和焦虑。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的心理健康状况及个性特征分析

目的　了解 型糖尿病患者的心理健康状况及个性特征。方法　采用症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 ) ,抑郁自评量表( SDS) ,焦虑自评量表 ( SAS)及卡特尔 1 6项人格特质测验问卷 ( 1 6-PF)对 5 6例 型糖尿病患者进行调查 ,并与 5 2例体检正常者进行对照。结果　 型糖尿病患者在 SCL-90总分 ,阳性项目分 ,躯体化、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖以及 SAS、SDS得分与对照组相比 ,差异有显著性 ,P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1。 1 6-PF结果 : 型糖尿病患者在 E-恃强性 ,O-忧虑性 ,Q4 -紧张性 ,及次级人格因子 X1 (适应与焦虑 )得分高于对照组 ,在 C-稳定性 ,F-兴奋性及次级人格因子 Y2 心理健康得分低于对照组 ,两组相比差异有显著性意义。结论　 型糖尿病患者存在明显的心理障碍 ,主要表现为躯体化、焦虑、恐怖、紧张、抑郁 ,同时 型糖尿病患者还出现人格特性的改变 ,主要表现为紧张、焦虑、敏感和情绪的不稳定 ,故对 型糖尿病患者在进行积极心理治疗的同时 ,还应尽早纠正不良的性格     

百色老区壮族中学生心理卫生调查分析

目的了解壮族中学生心理健康状况及其影响的主要因素。方法以随机整群抽样的方法,对1855名百色老区壮族中学生采用SCL-90症状自评量表进行心理健康测试。结果壮族中学生心理健康状况低于全国常模．影响其心理健康的前3位因子为：抑郁、躯体化及强迫。女生在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖及精神病性方面的心理健康水平低于男生。高中生的心理问题较初中生严重。结论壮族中学生的心理健康水平相对较低,不同群体的心理特征有所不同,应进行有针对性的心理教育及干预措施。     

强制戒毒人员的心理状况及康复对策

目的　探讨强制戒毒人员生理脱毒后的心理状况 ,并提出相应的康复对策。方法　采用精神症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )及自编“强制戒毒人员心理状况调查表”对 3 8例强制戒毒人员进行评定。结果　强制戒毒人员 84.2 %存在各种忧虑 ,对工作生活缺乏信心、自暴自弃者占 60 .5 % ,有自杀念头者占 2 3 .7% ;SCL-90结果显示抑郁、焦虑与正常人相比有极显著差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,躯体化、人际关系与正常人相比有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 1 )。经过心理康复治疗 ,上述 4项均与治疗前有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1 )。结论　强制戒毒人员存在明显的心理障碍 ,心理康复治疗可促进强制戒毒人员彻底戒毒 ,回归社会。     

孕中晚期心理及其对产后应激状况影响研究

目的了解北京西城区助产机构孕妇孕期心理状况及对产后应激状况的影响。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和应激评估量表平时版(PCL-C),对西城区助产机构产科973名孕妇进行抽样测试研究。结果①除躯体化因子,其他各因子不同孕期孕妇SCL-90评分均低于全国常模(P<0.05);②不同户籍孕妇SCL-90评分低于全国常模(P<0.05),北京农村户籍孕妇的抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖与常模相比差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);③产后42天产妇创伤后应激障碍筛查阳性率为1.13%;④通过相关分析,孕晚期心理和产后应激水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论西城区孕妇孕期总体心理状况较好,产后应激水平也较低;孕晚期心理状况不良的孕妇容易在产后发生应激障碍。     

三甲医院与基层医院心内科患者情绪障碍及其影响因素研究

目的：探讨三甲医院与基层医院心血管内科门诊患者情绪障碍的影响因素以及情绪障碍对就医行为的影响。方法：选取2019年3月至2020年1月中南大学湘雅二医院心内科门诊患者4299例及醴陵市中医院心内科门诊患者1767例,收集患者的人口学特征、经济文化水平以及家庭关系资料,应用广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）、患者健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9）、患者健康问卷躯体症状群量表（PHQ-15）对患者的焦虑、抑郁及躯体化症状进行评估并比较差异性。结果：两组患者在职业、教育程度、收入、居住地及医保方面差异有统计学意义。基层医院患者的焦虑、抑郁、躯体化症状评分均值较三甲医院患者高,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。职业、婚烟状况对三甲医院心内科门诊就诊患者焦虑评分产生影响,躯体化症状评分主要受职业、教育程度、收入、家庭成员构成及居住地区的影响。婚姻状况、医保可对基层医院患者焦虑、抑郁及躯体化症状评分产生影响。患者的焦虑、抑郁、躯体化症状评分水平在主治医师、主任医师、专家门诊、特需门诊几类就诊方式中呈递增趋势。结论：三甲医院和基层医院心内科就诊患者均存在情绪障碍的情况,且其影响因素存在一定重叠。情绪障碍越严...     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.