多模式MRI指导下动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中

目的:评价发病4.5～9h、MRI上有PWI/DWI不匹配、且MRA有责任血管闭塞或重度狭窄的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓(IAT)的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析发病4.5～9h、MRI上有PWI/DWI不匹配、且有责任血管闭塞或重度狭窄的急性缺血性卒中患者48例,分为IAT组22例及对照组26例,比较其症状性出血率及3个月mRS。结果:IAT组与对照组症状性出血率为9.1%(2/22)与3.8%(1/26),P=0.454。IAT组结局良好,3个月mRS 0～2者占59.1%(13/22),多于对照组30.8%(8/26),P=0.049。结论:对于时间窗为4.5～9h、MRI上有PWI/DWI不匹配、且MRA上有责任血管闭塞或重度狭窄的急性缺血性卒中患者,组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)IAT可提高血管再通率,改善预后。     

多模式MRI指导的超急性期缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗

2008

磁共振多模式快速成像指导缺血性脑卒中溶栓八例 [其它论文] -中华神经科杂志2008

2.0.TX;2-J.aspx'>Treatment of acute ischemic stroke [其它论文] 2000

Extending the time window for thrombolysis:evidence from acute stroke trials 2005

The evolving role of acute stroke imaging in intravenous thrombolytic therapy:patient selection and outcomes assessment 2005

Schellinger PD.Thomalla G.Fiehler J MRI-basod and CTbased thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke within and beyond established time windows:an analysis of 1210 patients [其它论文] 2007

卫生部疾病控制司.中华医学会神经科学会 中国脑血管病防治指南 2005

Thomalla G.Schwark C.Sobesky J Outeome and symptomatic bleeding complications of intravenous thrombolysis within 6 hours in MRI-selected stroke patients:comparison of a german multicenter study with the pooled data of ATLANTIS,ECASS and NINDS rt-PA trials [其它论文] 2006

Warach S.Dashe JF.Edelman RR Clinical outcome in iachemic stroke predicted by early diffusion-weighted and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging:a preliminary analysis 1996

Barber PA.Darby DG.Desmond PM Prediction of stroke outcome with echoplanar perfusion-and diffusion-weighted MRL 1998

薛静.高培毅.林燕 MR血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓治疗中的价值 [其它论文] -中华放射学杂志2008

Donnan GA.Howells DW.Markus R Can the time window for administration of thrombolyties in stroke be increased? 2003

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MR血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓治疗中的价值

目的 探讨MR血管成像在指导急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓治疗的价值.方法 回顾性分析MR血管成像(MRA)上存在大血管闭塞并符合重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓入选标准的65例患者的临床资料,在3～6 h治疗时间窗内分别接受rt-PA溶栓治疗(溶栓组,38例)和常规治疗(未溶栓组,27例).治疗3个月后随访2组改良的ranking量表(mRS)评分,通过卡方检验评价组间疗效分级,Mann-Whitney检验评价mRS评分,并与国外多中心研究的联合分析结果对照.结果 治疗3个月后随访时,溶栓组和未溶栓组mRS评分为0～1分的比例分别为52.6%(20/38)和33.3%(9/27)(x2=3.858,P=0.049),mRS评分中位数分别为1和3分(U=-2.026,P=0.043),组间临床有效结局差异有统计学意义.结论 MRA可以用于完善rt-PA溶栓治疗指征,存在大血管闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在超早期应给予rt-PA溶栓治疗.     

MRI急诊快速评价在超急性期缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗中的应用

目的:探讨MRI急诊快速评价在超急性期缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗中的应用.方法:对313例发病＜12h的急性脑梗死患者先行CT平扫,排除有明显低密度梗死灶后行MR快速成像序列检查[包括弥散加权成像(DWI),时飞法三维血管成像(3D TOF-MRA)及T2加权成像(T2WI)],约5min完成;筛选超急性期脑梗死(DWI略高信号,而T2 WI未见明显高信号)158例(52.1％),并对其行重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗及预后评估.结果:发病＜4.5 h组、4.5～≤9h组及＞9～12h组的患者中分别75.4％(43/57例)、54.1％ (73/135)及34.7％ (31/121例)患者符合超急性期脑梗死;其中136例患者行静脉溶栓治疗;溶栓后发生非症状性颅内出血12例(8.8％),症状性颅内出血4例(2.9％),1例(0.74％)死亡;90 d评估预后良好125例(91.9％).结论:急诊MRI快速评价界定超急性期脑梗死指导的静脉溶栓治疗是一种安全有效方法,能排除发病＜4.5 h但梗死灶已非超急性期脑梗死患者及界定发病＞4.5h或不明确时间窗的超急性期脑梗死患者.     

急性缺血性脑卒中的动脉内溶栓治疗

本文对急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内溶栓治疗的历史与现状,溶栓治疗时机,临床研究进展包括适应证、禁忌证、操作技术、用药、并发症、疗效评价等方面进行综合回顾.     

磁共振弥散张量成像在缺血性脑卒中的应用价值

弥散张量成像技术(DTI)是在弥散加权成像技术(DWI)基础上发展起来的一种新的磁共振成像技术,是目前唯一无创性反映活体组织水分子交换功能状况的检查方法,可以从细胞及分子水平研究缺血性脑卒中(CIS)的病理改变情况。本文总结国内外大量文献,就DTI的成像原理及其在CIS的超早期诊断、准确定位、病情进展的评估和判断预后等方面的临床应用价值进行综述。     

颅内大动脉狭窄对MRI指导的超急性脑梗死静脉溶栓疗效的影响

目的:探讨有无合并颅内大动脉狭窄对MRI指导下超急性期脑梗死重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗疗效影响.方法:选择发病12h以内头颅CT阴性且多模式MRI筛选符合溶栓标准的148例脑梗死患者,给予rt-PA 0.9mg/kg静脉溶栓治疗,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)及90d改良Rankin评分(mRS),评定溶栓治疗前与治疗后的神经功能.结果:颅内大动脉有狭窄的患者57例,溶栓治疗后7d NIHSS评分预后良好32例(56％),90d预后良好49例(86.0％);颅内大动脉无狭窄的患者91例,7d NIHSS评分疗效良好51例(56.0％),90d疗效良好81例(89.0％).在7d时间点和90d时间点,颅内大动脉有狭窄和无狭窄两组预后差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组神经功能评分均为90d优于7d时间点.90dBI指数及mRS评分无狭窄组均较有狭窄组预后良好(P＜0.01).对颅内大动脉狭窄患者而言,不同发病时间段的患者行rt-PA静脉溶栓后NIHSS评分、BI指数及mRS评分均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:MRI指导下对发病12h内超急性期脑梗死行rt-PA静脉溶栓疗效良好率无显著性差异,颅内大动脉无狭窄者预后更好;且颅内大动脉狭窄组＜4.5h及4.5～12h时间窗静脉溶栓疗效无明显差异.     

MR高分辨血管壁成像技术在预测缺血性脑卒中中的应用价值

目的:利用3.0 T MR高分辨血管壁成像(HRVWI)技术分析缺血性脑卒中(IS)患者颅内动脉斑块T2WI序列和增强扫描的信号特征及其与IS之间的关系.方法:回顾性分析42例IS患者的HRVWI资料,T2WI序列斑块信号强度按高、等低分2个等级;增强扫描强化程度分为无强化、轻度强化和明显强化3个等级.根据DWI上是否...     

皮髓质静脉征评估急性缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

皮髓质静脉征是指磁敏感加权成像（SWI）序列上大脑半球皮质及髓质静脉低信号较对侧增多及增粗,可以反映急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）后脑组织缺血状态的动态演变、评估周围侧支循环状态、预测缺血半暗带以及评价病人临床预后等。就AIS时SWI序列显示的显著突出静脉征、不对称显著皮质静脉征和深髓质静脉征等皮髓质静脉征的研究进展,以及皮髓质静脉征与AIS预后相关的侧支循环、最终梗死体积大小、神经功能及出血性转化等因素予以综述。     

rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的分析动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的安全性及疗效。方法对21例颈内动脉系统梗死患者(颈内动脉3例,大脑中动脉12例,大脑前动脉5例,豆纹动脉1例)进行rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗。治疗时间在发病后2～6h,观察术中血管再通及术后即刻、24h后分别行头颅CT或MRI扫描以明确有无颅内出血。术前及术后30d采用中国脑卒中神经功能缺损程度量表(chinese stroke scale)进行评估。结果21例患者动脉溶栓治疗中技术成功率100%。其中血管再通TMI分级2～3级16例,TMI分级0～1级5例。症状性脑出血3例,其中2例死亡。17例术后30d神经功能缺损评分减少>50%,2例<50%,死亡2例。TMI分级2～3级的血管再通患者生活状态明显优于TMI分级0～1级血管再通患者。结论急性脑梗死6h内动脉溶栓治疗比较合适,但也有并发脑出血的严重后果,开始溶栓时间越早越好。     

rt-PA动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)动脉内溶栓(IAT)治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及并发症,分析预后相关因素。方法对12例发病后20h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行IAT治疗。血管再通程度根据“急性心肌梗死溶栓标准”(TIMI)分类。临床结果评价在溶栓后20d进行,根据改良的Rank分数(MRS)分为良好(MRS0～3)、不良(MRS4～6)两类。结果溶栓前1例为TIMI1,11例为TIMI0。溶栓后9例闭塞血管部分／完全再通,3例未再通。8例患者结果良好;4例不良结果;其中2例死亡。发生症状性脑出血1例,经治疗恢复良好。结论rt-PA用于急性脑梗死动脉溶栓,是安全可行的。     

Hyperacute therapy of ischemic stroke: intravenous thrombolysis

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United States following heart disease and cancer. Following the success of thrombolysis for myocardial infarction in the early 1990s, major trials for evaluation of this new therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke were initiated. The majority of ischemic strokes are due to occlusion of a cerebral vessel by a blood clot. Occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel leads to a core of infracted tissue surrounded by a relatively hypoperfused but viable brain tissue (the ischemic penumbra), which can be potentially salvaged by rapid recanalization of the target vessel. The underlying rationale for introduction of thrombolytic drugs is the lysis of an obliterating thrombus and reestablishment of blood flow. In this article we review the major intravenous thrombolysis trials leading to approval of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, the only FDA approved treatment available today for acute ischemic stroke.     

Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intravenous use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) in acute ischemic stroke has been investigated in three large trials. Limited series have reflected outcome after local intraarterial thrombolysis (LIT) in the cerebral territory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis using rTPA (actilyse) for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Forty-five patients with acute onset of severe hemispheric stroke and without signs of major cerebral infarction on early CT scans were randomized by order of admission. Twelve patients were treated with 50 mg actilyse (maximal dose, 0.7 mg/kg); three had occlusion of the internal carotid artery and nine had occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Thrombolysis was started by LIT and continued intravenously within 6 hours of stroke onset. Outcome, assessed after 1 and 12 months according to the modified Rankin scale (MRS), was considered good (MRS score, 0-3) for patients who were functionally independent and poor (MRS score, 4-5) for those who were dependent or had died. RESULTS: In the thrombolysis group, outcome was good in eight patients at 1 month and in 10 patients at 12 months; in the control group, outcome was good in seven (21%) and 11 (33%) patients, respectively. Of the eight patients with a good outcome after thrombolysis, four had complete and one had partial recanalization. In the control group, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage was 6%. Mortality at 1 month in the thrombolysis and control groups was 17% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose rTPA may be a safe and effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours in carefully selected patients.     

磁敏感血管征对预测急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓后血管再通的价值

目的：探讨大脑中动脉（MCA）的磁敏感血管征（SVS）对预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后血管再通的意义。方法：纳入70例发病6h 内急性前循环脑梗死患者,均接受 MRI 检查并记录患者年龄、性别、起病到首次 MRI 扫描时间、高血压史、糖尿病史、房颤史、吸烟史、溶栓前 NIHSS 评分、溶栓前后血管再通分级评分及90 d 后 mRS 评分。根据SVS 将70例患者分为 SVS 阳性组和 SVS 阴性组。计量资料的组间比较采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验;分类资料的组间比较采用χ2检验;缺血性脑卒中危险因素及 SVS 存在情况与溶栓后血管再通情况的相关性采用二分类 logistic 回归分析。结果：SVS 阳性组44例,SVS 阴性组26例。两组之间年龄、性别、起病到首次 MRI 扫描时间、高血压史、糖尿病史、房颤史、吸烟史、溶栓前 NIHSS 评分、病因分型差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。SVS 阳性组的溶栓后血管再通比例显著高于SVS 阴性组（χ2＝16．41,P ＜0．001）。结论：MCA 的 SVS 有助于预测 rt-PA 静脉溶栓后的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的血管再通情况。     

MRI of ischemic stroke in canines: applications for monitoring intraarterial thrombolysis

PURPOSE: To describe a canine embolic stroke model that is appropriate for endovascular procedure evaluations and develop local cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps to monitor the progression of stroke and thrombolysis. In the future, MR may displace X-ray imaging in some endovascular procedures, such as intraarterial (IA) thrombolysis for stroke therapy, due to increased monitoring capabilities. For MR to attain its full potential in endovascular therapy, the development of appropriate disease models and monitoring techniques is essential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The canine stroke model uses an injection of autologous clot to produce ischemic and infarcted tissue and produces a range of stroke severities within the anterior cerebral circulation. Local CBF maps were formed by using the catheter that would be in place to deliver the thrombolytic agent for treatment to deliver the gadolinium-based contrast agent for perfusion imaging. RESULTS: After the injection of clot, changes on imaging were consistent with the progression of ischemic stroke. Local CBF maps showed perfusion changes with stroke progression and treatment. CONCLUSION: We successfully demonstrate the progression of ischemic stroke in the canine to mimic the progression of human stroke. CBF maps to show local perfusion characteristics show great potential in the evaluation of stroke therapy.     

动、静脉结合r-tPA溶栓治疗早期脑梗死

目的 评价动、静脉结合r-tPA溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的方法和临床疗效.方法 共15例急性脑梗死患者,术前均行CT、MR 和DSA检查证实颅内动脉闭塞部位：M1段4例,M2段2例,M3、4段2例,A1、2段1例,颈内动脉2例, P1段1例,豆纹动脉1例,其他穿支2例.其中术前经DSA证实12例.溶栓治疗时间在发病后3～7 h,采用动脉内药物灌注和机械疏通相结合方法溶栓,另外经静脉术前和术后持续滴注r-tPA辅助.术后观察临床症状和影像表现.结果 15例患者溶栓治疗中微导管和溶栓导管均到位满意,DSA所示闭塞段血管均有效再通.术后CT检查发现片状渗血2例,异位脑梗死1例.术后肢体功能即刻明显改善6例.临床观察3个月,症状基本完全恢复6例,较好改善7例,2例无明显改善;生活能力完全自理13例,有效率达87%（13/15）,生活能部分自理者1例,失去生活自理能力 1例,无患者死亡.结论 动、静脉结合溶栓治疗急性颅内动脉栓塞是一种有效、安全的治疗方法;局部动脉内灌注和机械疏通有效结合以及术前各项影像学检查的综合分析,将有利于动脉溶栓治疗的进行.     

Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

Intra-arterial thrombolysis is a maturing treatment for acute thromboembolic stroke that shows promise in restoring cerebral blood supply. Reviewed evidence suggests that intra-arterial treatment has a longer window for treatment than intravenous t-PA and does improve outcome. A favorable outcome is dependent on careful patient selection aimed at avoiding intracranial hemorrhage. This article describes features to evaluate for patient selection and highlights factors along the treatment algorithm to maximize success. Received: 19 June 2000 Accepted: 10 July 2000     

Combined stent placement and thrombolysis in acute vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke is often associated with high morbidity and mortality with limited therapeutic options. Endovascular treatment with thrombolysis has offered some hope for affected patients; however, overall outcomes have been less than satisfactory. In this report, we present the results of our approach in six consecutive cases of acute vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke by combined proximal vessel stent placement and thrombolysis. METHODS: Six consecutive cases were retrospectively reviewed for the clinical outcome of patients presenting to our institution with acute posterior circulation stroke who underwent cerebral revascularization including proximal arterial stent placement by using balloon-expandable coronary stents and intraarterial thrombolysis. All of these patients were initially evaluated by stroke team neurologists and imaged with MR, including diffusion-weighted imaging documenting acute posterior circulation stroke. MR angiography of the circle of Willis was also obtained. Short-term follow-up was conducted to assess National Institutes of Health stroke scores (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scores. RESULTS: In these six cases, a combined approach of proximal arterial stent placement (five cases of vertebral artery origin and one case of carotid and subclavian stent placement plus vertebral artery revascularization) and thrombolysis was performed at variable times after stroke onset (range, 30 hours to 5 days). Four of the six patients had good basilar artery recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 0-1 before tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis and TIMI grade 2 after procedure). Four of six patients had excellent immediate recovery and were discharged to an acute rehabilitation unit or their homes with improved neurologic symptoms and functional status. Two patients died: one patient presented with coma at outset with an NIHSS of 38, and the other patient probably had reocclusion of the basilar artery within 24 hours despite initial postprocedural improvement. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that, in the setting of acute stroke, stent placement in combination with revascularization and thrombolysis is practical and allows quick access to a clot and simultaneously increases perfusion through collaterals during the thrombolytic process. In particular, basilar thrombolysis may be facilitated by proximal vertebral stent placement as concomitant atheromatous vertebrobasilar stenosis is common.