前列宁胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生临床疗效观察

目的：观察前列宁胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生tBPH）的临床疗效及安全性与不良反应。方法：采用完全随机法将90例良性前列腺增生症患者分为治疗组与对照组各45例,治疗组采用前列宁胶囊治疗,对照组采用保列治治疗。观察两组治疗12周后的最大尿流率、平均尿流率、前列腺症状评分（I—PSS）、生活质量指数（QOL）及主要症状改善情况,并观察其安全性与不良反应。结果：两组治疗前后最大尿流率、平均尿流率、I-PSS评分、QOL分值及排尿不尽感、排尿等待、夜尿次数比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。患者对前列宁胶囊和保列治的耐受性均良好,不良反应轻微。结论：前列宁胶囊对前列腺增生具有良好的临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

补骨脂素对良性增生前列腺细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨补骨脂素抑制良性前列腺增生的作用机制.方法:补骨脂素作用雄性去势大鼠注射丙酸睾酮后的前列腺湿重、前列腺指数、PCNA指数及前列腺组织病理学改变.结果:实验组大鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数和PCNA指数均显著低于对照组.结论:补骨脂素能显著抑制模型大鼠的良性前列腺增生,其机制可能是通过降低前列腺细胞增殖而实现的.     

经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生症382例报告

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床应用.方法:采用经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)382例.结果:术后随访6个月以上,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmar)均有显著改善,本组无死亡病例,无严重并发症,疗效满意.结论:TURP是治疗BPH的理想方法.     

前列宝口服液抗小鼠前列腺增生效果评价

目的：探讨前列宝口服液对丙酸睾酮诱发小鼠实验性前列腺增生的改善作用。方法：采用腹腔注射丙酸睾酮诱发小鼠实验性前列腺增生模型,同时连续20d灌胃给予前列宝口服液后,观察前列宝口服液对小鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数、前列腺组织病理学改变的影响。结果：与模型组相比,前列宝口服液能显著减轻前列腺湿重,降低前列腺指数、改善小鼠前列腺增生在组织形态学方面的改变。结论：前列宝口服液具有抑制前列腺增生的作用。     

前列安治疗肾虚湿热兼瘀型良性前列腺增生症

目的 :观察前列安的临床疗效及安全性。 方法 :将80例肾虚湿热瘀阻型良性前列腺增生症患者随机分为2组,即治疗组(给予前列安浓缩丸口服,每次10 g,每日3次)和对照组(给予癃闭舒胶囊,每次3粒,每日3次),12周为1疗程,设计相关观察表格,1疗程结束后评定疗效和安全性。 结果 :2组总疗效比较无显著性差异,但对改善患者症状如夜尿次数、腰膝酸软、尿线情况以及在提高患者最大尿流率、降低患者泌尿症状困扰评分方面,治疗组均明显优于对照组(P >0.05);且未发现前列安明显毒副反应。 结论 :前列安治疗肾虚湿热瘀阻型前列腺增生症具有良好效果,且有较好的安全性。     

Gastroprotective effect of standardized leaf extract from Argyreia speciosa on experimental gastric ulcers in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Argyreia speciosa (L.f), Sweet (Family Convolvulaceae) is used traditionally in Indian System of Medicine as aphrodisiac, rejuvenating agent, intellect promoting agent, brain tonic and in the therapy of hepatomegaly, diabetes and chronic ulcer.

Aim of the study

To study the gastroprotective effect of standardized butanol fraction of Argyreia speciosa leaf (ASE).

Materials and methods

The butanol fraction of Argyreia speciosa leaf (ASE; 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from Aspirin (ASP)-, ethanol (EtOH)-, cold-restraint stress (CRS) - and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of antioxidant enzymes activity was carried out in CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters like volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in PL-induced ulcer model.

Result

ASE showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in ASP 23.64-58.76% (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), EtOH 15.45-58.45% (p < 0.001), CRS 19.39-78.36% (p < 0.001) and PL 19.67-69.04% (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), respectively. The percentage of protection by standard drug ranitidine was 77.77-84.32% (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) in various gastric ulcer models. The gastric wall mucus was significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced by ASE and is regarded as the first line of defence against EtOH-induced gastric ulcers showing cytoprotective property. ASE showed a marginal decrease in volume, acid pepsin concentration and acid pepsin output. However, ASE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in LPO level (p < 0.001), and SOD level (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) as compared with CRS-induced group. A gradual and significant increase in CAT values were observed at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose levels (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results of our study revealed that Argyreia speciosa possess significant dose dependent gastroprotective activity, probably due to its free radical scavenging activity.     

Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation by ethanolic extract of Hancornia speciosa via phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase

The vasodilator effect of the ethanolic extract of leaves from Hancornia speciosa Gomes (HSE) was studied in rat aortic rings. HSE produced a concentration-dependent vasodilatation (pIC(50)=5.6+/-0.1), which was completely abolished in endothelium-denuded vessels. The endothelium-dependent vasodilatation induced by HSE was abolished by l-NAME (100 microM), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, but not atropine (1 microM; pIC(50)=5.6+/-0.2), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, nor indomethacin (10 microM; pIC(50)=5.4+/-0.2), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The concentration-response curve of HSE was significantly shifted to the left by superoxide dismutase (SOD; 300U/mL). In addition, while SOD displaced the 3-morpholino-sidnonimine (SIN-1; P<0.05) concentration-effect curve to the left, HSE (50 microg/mL) had no effect. Finally, wortmannin (0.3 microM), an inhibitor of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), dramatically reduced the vasodilator effect of HSE. Together, these findings lead us to conclude that HSE induces a NO- and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in rat aortic preparations, likely by a mechanism dependent on the activation of PI3K.     

Anti‐Proliferation Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on the Progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a urologic disease that affects most of men over the age 50. But until now there is no such perfect cure without side effects. Because of diverse adverse effects, it is desirable to develop effective and long term‐safety‐herbal medicines to inhibit the progress of BPH. In spite of garlic's large use and a wide spectrum of studies, including anti‐hyperlipidemic, cardio‐protective, and anti‐inflammatory activities, there was none to prove efficacy for BPH. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of garlic to prove its suppressing effects on BPH. Garlic administration decreased relative prostate weight ratio, suppressed mRNA expression level of AR, DHT serum levels, and the growth of prostatic tissue in BPH‐induced rats. Moreover, garlic administration decreased the levels of inflammatory proteins, iNOS, and COX‐2 in prostatic tissue. Further investigation showed that garlic induced accumulation of death‐inducing signal complex and activation of AMPK and decreased the levels of anti‐apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, and survivin. These results suggest that garlic may have suppressing effects on BPH and it has great potential to be developed as treatment for BPH. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inhibitory effects of kratom leaf extract (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) on the rat gastrointestinal tract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is an indigenous plant of Thailand used traditionally in folk medicine although it is claimed to cause addiction. It is used to treat diarrhea, however, there is no scientific evidence to support the use. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of kratom leaves on the rat gastrointestinal tract. Kratom extract at 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) caused a dose dependent protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats and also inhibited intestinal transit. The antidiarrheal effect was not antagonized by naloxzone. The inhibition of intestinal transit by kratom extract was significantly different from the control when treated with a single dose for 1 day. For longer-term treatments of 15 and 30 days, kratom extract did not decrease the intestinal transit time indicating that adaptation had occurred. Kratom extract at a dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days and morphine at 3 mg/kg (i.p.) caused a decrease in the increment of body weight that was significantly different from the control and kratom extract at lower doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). However it had no effect on the level of plasma cholecystokinin. The results suggested that methanolic kratom extract exhibited its antidiarrheal effect on rat gastrointestinal tract. The effects may occur via pathways in addition to the action on opioid receptors. High does of kratom extract decreased the increment of body weight similar to the effect of morphine.     

中医药治疗良性前列腺增生症的作用机制研究

良性前列腺增生症在泌尿男科的发病率较高,严重影响中老年患者的身心健康。本病发病原因和机制尚未完全明确,中医药治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效显著,可以通过改善激素内分泌环境、调节生长因子、促使增生细胞凋亡、松弛平滑肌、抗炎和减少氧化应激等多途径、多机制来干预该病的发生发展。现就近年中医药治疗良性前列腺增生的作用机制研究进行总结。     

决渎饮治疗前列腺增生症的临床观察

目的 观察决渎饮治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床疗效.方法 将120例BPH患者随机分两组各60例,治疗组口服决渎饮治疗,1剂/d;对照组口服非那雄胺5 mg,1次/d.两组均治疗4周为1个疗程,治疗后观察国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、残余尿(RU)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、前列腺体积(TPV)等指标.结果 两组IPSS、RU、Qmax指标较本组治疗前,均有显著性差异(P<0.05～0.01);组间比较,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05).     

前癃通胶囊含药血浆对体外良性前列腺增生前列腺基质细胞Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 观察前癃通胶囊含药血浆对体外良性前列腺增生（BPH）前列腺基质细胞Caspase-3表达的影响.方法 对BPH患者的前列腺基质细胞进行细胞培养,分别以他莫昔芬和前癃通胶囊含药血浆为干预措施,使用免疫组织化学法检测体外培养的前列腺基质细胞中Caspase-3表达水平.结果 不同剂量的前癃通胶囊均能显著提高Caspase-3的表达水平,且其作用的量效关系表现为正相关性.结论 前癃通胶囊能够增强Caspase-3在体外培养BPH前列腺基质细胞中的表达,这可能是前癃通胶囊治疗BPH的作用机理之一.     

3''''-大豆苷元磺酸钠对小鼠前列腺增生及调节小鼠性激素平衡的影响

目的研究3’-大豆苷元磺酸钠对小鼠前列腺增生及调节小鼠性激素平衡的影响。方法皮下注射丙酸睾丸酮,制造小鼠前列腺增生模型,观察正常对照组,模型组,低剂量3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠组及高剂量3’-大豆苷元磺酸钠组小鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数和性激素水平的影响。结果3’-大豆苷元磺酸钠对丙酸睾丸酮所致小鼠前列腺增生具有显著的拮抗作用;同时能明显降低小鼠血清T,E2,T/E2的含量。结论3’-大豆苷元磺酸钠能显著抑制小鼠前列腺增生,降低小鼠血清T,E2,T/E2的含量,从而起到抑制小鼠前列腺增生的作用。     

不同针刺深度对前列腺增生症大鼠重量指数的影响及形态学观察

目的与方法 采用深刺和浅刺对丙酸睾酮所致前列增生症（BPH）大鼠模型进行干预，研究其作用殊同。结果 针刺组前列腺，膀胱指数明显小于模型组；形态学观察，针刺组较模型组增生明显减轻，腺上皮呈单层柱状，腺体数目明显减少，间质充血，钙化明显减轻，结缔组织无增生，腺腔内分泌物减少。深刺组好于浅刺组。结论 深刺对实验性BPH大鼠的干预作用好于浅刺方法。     

前列宁胶囊调控MMP-2影响细胞外基质对良性前列腺增生治疗的影响

目的:观察前列宁胶囊(QC)对基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)介导的细胞外基质(ECM)的影响,探讨QC对BPH的治疗机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为空白组,BPH模型组,QC低、中、高观察组,建立BPH模型,QC干预,ELISA法检测大鼠血清MMP-2、FN、Collagen IV、LN; BPH-1细胞培养,分别加入MMP-2和未加MMP-2刺激因子,QC干预,MTT法观察细胞活性,Q-PCR及Western-Blot分别检测MMP-2、FN、Collagen IV、LN基因及蛋白表达(未加MMP-2),加入MMP-2组检测FN、Collagen IV、LN。结果:QC各剂量组大鼠血清中的FN、LN、Collagen IV含量降低,MMP-2升高(P 0. 05 or P 0. 01);BPH-1细胞培养QC干预,加入及未加入MMP-2刺激因子细胞活力均有下降,以48 h后最明显;加入MMP-2刺激因子FN、Collagen IV、LN基因及蛋白表达明显低于未加MMP-2刺激因子,差异有统计学意义。结论:QC对BPH具有治疗作用,QC调控MMP-2介导细胞外基质FN、Collagen IV、LN基因和蛋白表达可能是其治疗BPH机制之一。     

Hancornia speciosa Gomes induces hypotensive effect through inhibition of ACE and increase on NO

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The leaves of Hancornia speciosa Gomes are popularly used in Brazil to treat diabetes and hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide and their incidences are increasing in Brazilian population. The present study aimed to investigate the hypotensive effect and the mechanism of action of Hancornia speciosa Gomes.

Methods

A fraction of the ethanolic extract of leaves from Hancornia speciosa (SFH) was obtained and standardized by its content on rutin, bornesitol and quinic acid. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of normotensive mice was measured by tail pletismography. SFH was given orally and SBP was monitored for 5 h. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity of SFH (1 mg/kg) or captopril (10 mg/kg) was measured by colorimetric methods. Serum nitrite levels were measured by spectrophotometry.

Results

SFH induced a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in normotensive mice. The serum activity of ACE and the level of angiotensin II were significantly reduced by SFH and by captopril. Administration of SFH induced a significant increase on plasmatic level of nitrites and the systemic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME (20 mg/kg) reduced the hypotensive effect of SFH.

Conclusions

The present work demonstrated that Hancornia speciosa has a potent hypotensive effect in normotensive mice. The inhibition of ACE leading to reduction on angiotensin II and increase on NO levels might account for the hypotensive effect. These results support the use of Hancornia speciosa by traditional medicine as antihypertensive.     

克癃胶囊对前列腺增生大鼠模型及Nrf2/ARE信号通路的影响

目的:探讨克癃胶囊对丙酸睾酮诱导的大鼠前列腺增生模型的影响及抗氧化作用机制。方法:将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,克癃胶囊低、高剂量组(3.6,7.2 g·kg-1),核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)干预剂组,每组8只。除正常组外,其余各组均皮下注射丙酸睾酮建立前列腺增生的大鼠模型,同时给予药物灌服,连续4周。观察不同药物对前列腺湿重、前列腺指数的影响,苏木素-伊红(HE)观察病理组织形态变化,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清样品中丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测前列腺组织中Nrf2/ARE信号通路抗氧化因子Nrf2,血细素单加氧酶-1(HO-1),醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)mRNA的表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的前列腺湿重及前列腺指数升高,前列腺上皮皱褶增生,大鼠血清GSH含量明显降低,Nrf2,HO-1和NQO1 mRNA表达明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。与模型组比较,克癃胶囊明显降低前列腺指数,改善前列腺上皮组织的增生,促进大鼠血清GSH的含量增加(P0.01);克癃胶囊能上调Nrf2,HO-1和NQO1的mRNA表达水平(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:克癃胶囊能明显抑制大鼠的前列腺增生,低剂量的克癃胶囊可激活Nrf2/ARE信号通路,提高机体抗氧化能力。     

补肾活血通淋方对良性前列腺增生症大鼠模型Ki-67 及凋亡小体的影响

目的：观察补肾活血通淋方对良性前列腺增生症大鼠模型Ki-67、凋亡小体的影响。方法：72只Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,即假手术组、模型组、保列治组、补肾活血通淋方低、中、高剂量组。除假手术组外,余组摘除大鼠双侧睾丸后连续注射丙酸睾丸酮（5mg·kg-1）30天建立模型,造模同时,给药组灌胃给药,给药剂量：保列治组（0.8mg·kg-1）、补肾活血通淋方低、中、高剂量组（7.5、15.0、22.5g·kg-1）,每天1次,连续30天。采用免疫组化法测定Ki-67的阳性平均灰度值,采用TUNEL法测定凋亡小体的表达率。结果：与模型组比较,各给药组Ki-67表达均降低（P<0.05）;与保列治组、补肾活血通淋方低剂量组比较,补肾活血通淋方高、中剂量组Ki-67表达降低（P<0.05）,与中剂量组比较,高剂量Ki-67表达降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,各治疗组均能上调前列腺增生中凋亡小体的表达（P<0.05）。其中补肾活血通淋方高剂量组凋亡小体表达率高于中、低剂量组、保列治组（P<0.05）。结论：补肾活血通淋方可以降低良性前列腺增生症大鼠Ki-67的表达,提高细胞凋亡率,为临床治疗良性前列腺增生症提供了客观依据。     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the rat heart mitochondrial function

Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) originated from China, first introduced to Europe in the 18th century, it is now distributed all over the world. The leaves of Ginkgo biloba include a rich complex of active compounds responsible for various pharmacological properties. Ginkgo biloba extract improves blood circulation, protects against oxidative cell damage, blocks platelet aggregation that could be important for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore the fluid extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves was prepared and tested for it is effect on rat mitochondrial function. Our data showed that 0.5 microl/ml of GE (containing 0.57 ng/ml of rutin, 0.23 ng/ml of quercitrin, 0.105 ng/ml of hyperosid and 0.02 ng/ml of quercetin) had no effect on the State 2 respiration rate of mitochondria with all used substrates: pyruvate+malate, succinate and palmitoyl-L-carnitine. Further increase in GE concentration (2 and 4 microl/ml), increased the State 2 respiration rate with all respiratory substrates in a dose-dependent manner (by 35-116%). The State 3 respiration rate was not affected by GE. In order to identify which compounds of GE could be responsible for the observed effects, we measured the effect of pure flavonoids: rutin, quercetin, hyperosid and quercitrin on mitochondrial respiration. All flavonoids (except of hyperosid) at maximal used concentration, comparable/identical to that in GE, stimulated the State 2 respiration rate only by 8-20%, i.e. less effectively as compared to GE. Therefore, for the explanation of the GE-induced uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, other biologically active compounds of GE have to be taken into account in future studies.     

芦荟提取物有效成分对神经细胞和脑线粒体的保护作用

目的:了解芦荟提取物有效成分(AV)对神经细胞和大鼠脑线粒体损伤的保护作用机制.方法:叠氮钠处理PC12细胞后,显微镜下观察细胞形态;MTT法检测细胞存活率;JC-1法检测PC12细胞线粒体膜电位变化.提取大鼠脑线粒体,刃天青法检测大鼠脑线粒体功能,TBA法检测大鼠脑线粒体MDA含量.结果:AV能显著改善叠氮钠引起的PC12细胞线粒体损伤,叠氮钠0.064 mol·L~(-1)作用4 h,PC12细胞存活率降低47.8%,AV 1,10 mg·L~(-1)均显著提高叠氮钠诱导的PC12细胞存活率降低,提高率分别为16.7%(P<0.05)和22.3%(P<0.01);AV 1,10 mg·L~(-1)均可显著改善叠氮钠诱导的线粒体膜电位降低(P<0.05).AV也可保护大鼠脑线粒体结构和功能的稳定,AV 10 mg·L~(-1)显著改善叠氮钠诱导的线粒体的氧化还原功能损伤;AV 1,10 mg·L~(-1)显著抑制Fe~(2+)-cysteine诱导的大鼠脑线粒体中脂质过氧化物生成(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:芦荟提取物有效成分对神经细胞和大鼠脑线粒体损伤具有保护作用.