洗衣房管理与医院感染的关系

医院优质服务 ,必须要控制医院感染提高医疗质量。而洗衣房工作是控制医院感染的重要组成部分 ,也是切断医院感染传播途径的具体实施者。为了更好地控制医院感染 ,提高医疗质量 ,体现以患者为中心的服务宗旨 ,必须努力做好洗衣房工作人员培训与教育 ,加强洗衣房管理 ,保证所洗涤物品的整洁合格。目前 ,我院采用内部设置洗衣房 ,将全部衣被由洗衣房工作人员清洗 ,虽然设备完整 ,人员相对稳定 ,但洗衣房管理千万不能被忽视 ,医院感染管理十分重要的就是各种物品的整洁度。衣被的整洁直接影响医院感染管理。因此本人就洗衣房普遍存在的问题与大…     

北京市医院洗衣房感染管理现况分析

目的 研究北京市医院洗衣房消毒卫生状况,为加强洗衣房管理提供依据.方法 参照卫生部《医院感染管理规范》、《消毒技术规范》中的洗衣房管理标准,采用统一标准和调查问卷方法,调查北京市医院洗衣房消毒卫生状况的各环节.结果 通过对89所医院洗衣房感染管理工作的调查,洗衣房的人员配备情况存在数量和质量的严重不足,三级医院洗衣房在建筑设施、人员数量等指标上优于二级医院,部分医院存在着消毒隔离制度不健全、人员无专业技能培训等;不同级别医院洗衣房在洗涤数量等方面差异有统计学意义.结论 急需制定有关洗衣的相关标准及规范,加强对洗衣房的监管力度.     

加强洗衣房管理预防医院感染

医院洗衣房承担者患者、工作人员、医疗用布类洗涤和消毒工作。为了更好地控制医院感染,提高医疗质量,树立以患者为中心的服务宗旨,加强洗衣房医院感染管理有着十分重要的意义。1布局合理严格分区洗衣房除有足够的占地面积外,通风采光要好,既要有充足的水、电、高压蒸汽供给,又要有通畅的污水排放设施,     

洗衣房感染管理存在问题与对策

医院洗衣房的主要工作是负责回收、清洗消毒和发放全院患者的衣服、被服、医务人员的工作服及重复使用的医用敷料。工作质量的优劣 ,会对医院感染管理产生一定的影响。我院从医院感染管理角度出发 ,加强了对洗衣房的质量控制 ,效果明显。1　洗衣房存在的感染问题洗衣房为全院脏被服、污敷料的集中回收处 ,在回收、洗涤及分发的过程中极易造成相互污染 ;洗衣房的工作人员多为医院的卫生工人或临时招聘人员 ,他们缺乏必要的医学基础知识 ,不了解消毒、隔离 ,因此工作中极易造成洁、污物品相互混淆 ,增加了感染机会 ;温暖潮湿的环境为细菌的生…     

医院洗衣房的医院感染控制与管理

医院洗衣房承担着全院工作人员及患者被服的洗涤工作，管理不善极易造成交叉感染，是医院感染防控工作中不可忽视的环节。几年来，我院将洗衣房纳入医院感染管理工作中，取得了很好的效果。     

洗衣房医院感染存在问题及其管理对策

医院感染作为评价医院医疗质量的重要内容,已引起广大医护人员的重视。洗衣房属医院后勤管理涉及医院感染的一个重点科室,其工作职责主要是负责回收、清洗、消毒和发放医务人员与患者的衣服、被服以及重复使用的医用敷料。我院洗衣房除了承担本院的洗涤任务外,还承担了院外3家医院的洗涤任务,其工作质量的优劣,不仅对院内而且也对院外医院感染管理产生一定的影响。我科在医院感染专委会指导下,重点加强了对洗衣房的医院感染质量控制管理,取得了较好效果。     

输血科医院感染管理与控制

目的:探讨输血科血液感染的预防对策,提高医疗质量安全.方法:从科室管理和个人安全防护两个方面制订防控措施,控制输血科在医院感染方面的关键环节,减少输血感染性风险.结果:输血科达到严格遵守各项规章制度,严格执行标准操作规程,规范管理医疗废物,工作人员卫生的依从性提高,医院感染的发生率降低.结论:强化输血科对医院感染工作重要性的认识,健全管理制度,加强监督力度,可以有效预防与控制输血科医院感染的发生.     

潍坊市不同级别医院洗衣房感染管理现况分析

医院对洗衣房的感染管理缺乏规范的控制标准,而洗衣房又是存放和中转污染物品的主要场所,病原微生物集中,如果管理不善,容易引起院内感染。为了解潍坊不同医院的洗衣房感染管理存在的问题,于2 0 0 2年1～6月对潍坊市4 4所医院洗衣房的感染管理状况进行了调查。1　对象与方法1 1     

规范护理管理控制医院感染

目的 规范护理管理,控制医院感染,提高护理质量.方法 把医院感染管理纳入护理质量管理,在护理管理中建立健全各项质量管理体系,完善控制医院感染管理规章制度,加强护理人员医院感染知识教育和考核,提高护士医院感染管理意识,规范护理操作程序,定期检查督促各项制度的落实,持续进行质量改进.结果 护理人员自觉执行各项操作规程,医院感染管理形成了制度化、规范化,有效地降低医院感染率.结论 规范护理管理是控制医院感染的有效措施.     

基层医院供应室医院感染隐患与管理对策

目的 预防与控制基层医院供应室医院感染.方法 调查分析基层医院供应室医院感染隐患,制定预防与控制医院感染对策.结果 供应室医院感染管理很不规范,存在管理制度、建筑布局与工作环境、工作人员素质、感染防范意识、操作规程、各项监测诸多隐患;加强医院供应室管理力度,有效地预防与控制了医疗感染.结论 必须采取综合治理措施,建立各项规章制度并严格执行,进行规范化管理,加大检查力度,才能有效地预防与控制基层医院供应室医院感染.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.