湖北省仙桃市2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情分析

甲型H1 N1流感是一种由变异的新型流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,自2009年4月25日WHO通报美国和墨西哥发生人感染A/H1N1猪流感(后更名为甲型H1N1流感,以下简称甲流感)疫情以来,甲流感迅速在全球多个国家扩散,并引发了新一轮全球性流感大流行.     

浙江省象山半岛甲型H1N1流感流行病学分析

甲型H1N1流感是一种新型呼吸道传染病,传播力强,涉及面广,2009年6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。浙江省象山县在2009年9月8日确诊首例甲型H1N1流感病例后,截止2010年7月30日,累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例184例,为全面了解甲型H1N1流感的流行规律,为传染病防控提供科学依据,现将结果报告如下。     

荆州市沙市区甲型H1N1流感流行病学调查

2009年3月以来,甲型H1N1流感在全球蔓延,成为国际关注的公共卫生事件,我国于2009年4月30日将其列入乙类传染病,并采取甲类传染病的防控措施。荆州市沙市区甲型H1N1流感防控工作经历了外堵输入、内防扩散,防止社区疫情暴发;及时控制和处理学校疫情暴发,及时发现与报告重症病例;开展4个批次的甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种     

甲型H1N1流感疫情进展与应对策略综述

2009年4月25日,世界卫生组织（WHO）首次发布了墨西哥与美国发生甲型H1N1流感（曾称“人感染猪流感”）疫情的报告,并宣布人感染甲型H1N1流感疫情是“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,随后在3天内两次提高流感大流行的警告级别,从第3级提升到第5级。6月11日,基于可获得的证据和专家评估结果,WHO总干事陈冯富珍决定将流感大流行警告级别从5级提升至6级,并宣称全球已处于2009年流感大流行的初期^[1]。针对疫情,国际组织、相关国家和地区纷纷采取了相应的防控策略和措施。     

某部2009年甲型H1N1流感流行特征分析

2009年4月中下旬,世界各地相继出现甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫情暴发,6月世卫组织宣布全球进入甲型H1N1流感大流行阶段.我国启动了卫生应急工作机制,军队在上级机关领导下,各单位及时有效地落实防控措施,保障了广大官兵的身体健康,维护了部队的安全稳定.本文对某部2009年甲型H1N1流感确诊病例进行了分析,总结流行特点,以为将来更好地防控流感疫情提供借鉴.     

461例甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学特征分析及防控措施评价

2009年3月以来,墨西哥等国家发生甲型H1N1流感（原称为猪流感）,作为一种新型流感病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,疫情迅速蔓延,6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。4月30日,我国政府将甲型H1N1流感纳入法定乙类传染病管理。     

卫生部印发社区甲型H1N1流感暴发流行控制工作方案

自2009年4月下旬以来,甲型H1N1流感在全球范围内不断扩散和蔓延。近期,我国甲型H1N1流感输入性病例持续增加,并出现了二代病例,发生社区暴发流行的风险进一步加大。为科学、有序地做好甲型H1N1流感防控工作,有效遏制社区甲型H1N1流感疫情的扩散和蔓延,卫生部组织专家制定了《社区甲型H1N1流感暴发流行控制工作方案（试行）》,要求各地遵照试行。     

2009年深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情分析

目的了解深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情流行特点。方法通过深圳市龙岗区流感监测网络,收集整理甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情资料;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术检测甲型H1N1流感病毒。结果 2009年共发生甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情62起,流感样病例811例,总罹患率为6.60%。疫情主要发生在9-11月（占88.71%）,学校累计报告57起,占91.94%。各起疫情平均报告时间为1～7d,中位数为3d。甲型H1N1流感疫情持续时间为2～23 d,中位数为7 d;季节性流感疫情持续时间为2～15d,中位数为4d;差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2009年流感疫情发生时共采样251份,其中阳性162份,阳性率为64.54%。结论深圳市龙岗区2009年甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情流行强度高于前三年季节性流感平均水平,9-11月是该区甲型H1N1流感样病例暴发疫情的高发季节,以局部暴发为主要特征,学校是高发场所。加强疾病监测,落实防控措施,积极开展健康教育,及早报告有利于疫情及时控制。     

甲型H1N1流感疫情进展与应对策略综述

2009年4月25日,世界卫生组织（WHO）首次发布了墨西哥与美国发生甲型H1N1流感（曾称“人感染猪流感”）疫情的报告,并宣布人感染甲型H1N1流感疫情是“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,随后在3天内两次提高流感大流行的警告级别,从第3级提升到第5级。6月11日,基于可获得的证据和专家评估结果,WHO总干事陈冯富珍决定将流感大流行警告级别从5级提升至6级,并宣称全球已处于2009年流感大流行的初期。针对疫情,国际组织、相关国家和地区纷纷采取了相应的防控策略和措施。     

1例重症甲型H1N1流感并发呼吸衰竭病人的营养支持

甲型H1N1流感为一种新型呼吸道传染病。2009年6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。2009年11月12日,我院门诊接收了1例重症甲型H1N1流感病人,现就其住院期间的营养支持     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.