游离第二足趾移植急诊拇指再造38例

目的探讨游离第二足趾移植急诊一期拇指再造的可行性. 方法外伤性拇指缺损清创后采用游离第二足趾移植一期再造拇指. 结果再造拇指38例全部成活,无一例感染,经6～60个月随访,所有再造拇指血运丰富,感觉恢复良好,对指对掌灵活. 结论对于外伤性拇指缺损,只要清创彻底,采用游离第二足趾移植行急诊拇指再造,可以获得满意的再造效果.     

带足背皮瓣的第二足趾游离移植再造拇手指

目的 报道应用带足背皮瓣的第二足趾游离移植再造拇手指Ⅳ度缺损的临床效果.方法 根据不同程度拇手指皮肤缺损大小及形状,设计以足背动脉及大隐静脉为血管蒂的带足背皮瓣的第二足趾游离移植再造拇手指12例12指,其中拇指7例7指,示指3例,中、环指各1例.急诊手术4例,择期手术8例.足背皮瓣切取最大面积为8cm×5 cm,最小为5 cm x 3 cmc.结果 再造拇手指12例12指全部成活.其中最早1例拇指再造因切取足背皮瓣稍小,辅以中厚皮片植皮,亦成活.经4个月～3年随访,按手外科学会手指再造功能评定标准,优良率为75%.再造指体与正常拇手指长度相近,皮肤质地良好,外形较好.手指恢复较好的抓、捏、弹功能.结论 应用带足背皮瓣的第二足趾游离移植是修复再造拇手指IV度缺损较为理想的方法之一.     

双血供足趾和甲瓣移植术的临床应用

足趾和甲瓣移植再造拇、手指是目前手指再造的最好手术方法 ,如何提高足趾移植手术的成功率是这一手术的关键问题。我院在广泛开展足趾移植、多种皮瓣游离移植手术的基础上 ,成功地进行了多例吻合双套供血系统的皮瓣手术 [1 ] 。同时把这一技术进一步用于足趾移植 ,取得了良好的临床效果。临床资料本组男 11例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 6～ 34岁。急诊手术 9例 ,择期手术 4例。均为拇手指外伤性缺损 ,其中拇指缺损 8例 ,手指缺损 3- 4指 3例 ,5指全部缺损 2例。甲瓣移植 6例 ,第二足趾移植 4例 ,第二、三足趾移植 1例 ,双足供区甲瓣、第二、三足…     

第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造拇指及手指关节

目的 探讨第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造拇指及手指指间关节缺损的临床效果.方法 对拇、手指关节损伤12例12指,其中全关节缺损7例,半关节缺损5例.采用吻合血管的第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植修复,其中再造近侧指间关节9指、远侧指间关节3指.结果 移植关节12例12指全部成活,伤口均一期愈合.术后随访3～18个月,近侧指间关节屈曲活动度为40°～80°(平均60°),移植远侧指间关节屈曲活动度为20°～65°(平均30°).移植关节均未出现退行性变,无关节不稳及关节脱位,未出现骨不连及再骨折现象.结论 对于拇、手指关节缺损,采用第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造,可获得较好的临床效果.     

20例第二足趾游离移植手拇指再造术临床评价

探讨足耻游离移植手拇指再造术的方法和疗效评价.方法:手第二足趾游离移植手拇指再造20例.结果:再造手拇指和皮瓣成活.成活率:100％.术后随访1年,按中华手外科拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定:优18指,良2指.优良率达90％以上.结论:采用足第二足趾游离移植手拇指再造术效果满意.     

第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造拇指及手指关节

目的 探讨第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造拇指及手指指间关节缺损的临床效果.方法 对拇、手指关节损伤12例12指,其中全关节缺损7例,半关节缺损5例.采用吻合血管的第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植修复,其中再造近侧指间关节9指、远侧指间关节3指.结果 移植关节12例12指全部成活,伤口均一期愈合.术后随访3～18个月,近侧指间关节屈曲活动度为40°～80°(平均60°),移植远侧指间关节屈曲活动度为20°～65°(平均30°).移植关节均未出现退行性变,无关节不稳及关节脱位,未出现骨不连及再骨折现象.结论 对于拇、手指关节缺损,采用第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造,可获得较好的临床效果.     

第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造拇指及手指关节

目的 探讨第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造拇指及手指指间关节缺损的临床效果.方法 对拇、手指关节损伤12例12指,其中全关节缺损7例,半关节缺损5例.采用吻合血管的第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植修复,其中再造近侧指间关节9指、远侧指间关节3指.结果 移植关节12例12指全部成活,伤口均一期愈合.术后随访3～18个月,近侧指间关节屈曲活动度为40°～80°(平均60°),移植远侧指间关节屈曲活动度为20°～65°(平均30°).移植关节均未出现退行性变,无关节不稳及关节脱位,未出现骨不连及再骨折现象.结论 对于拇、手指关节缺损,采用第二足趾近侧趾间关节游离移植再造,可获得较好的临床效果.     

双侧多个足趾移植修复全手或多手指缺损

目的 评价应用双侧多个足趾移植修复全手或多手指缺损的临床疗效.方法 临床应用102例,手术方法有4种:①利用双侧第二足趾移植再造拇、手指86例;②一侧甲瓣再造拇指,另一侧第二足趾再造手指11例;③一侧甲瓣与第二足趾再造拇指和示指,另一侧第二足趾移植再造中指8例;④双侧甲瓣与第二足趾移植再造双侧拇指与示指1例. 结果 102例中除1例部分甲瓣坏死,2例第二足趾坏死,其余全部成活.62例获得1年以上的随访.再造拇手指两点辨别觉达8～14mm.小儿移植手指生长与足趾同步.所有的随访病例中除1例不能作对掌对指功能外,余全部恢复.供区:所有病例无跛行,无外翻发生. 结论 对于多手指或全手缺损,应用双侧足部多个足趾再造手指,对足部供区外形和创伤较小,手部可获得最大功能恢复.     

足趾移植拇指与手指再造的临床研究

目的探讨足趾移植拇指与手指再造的方法和疗效。方法采用部分坶趾移植拇指部分再造22例,躅甲瓣或带足背皮瓣船甲瓣移植拇指再造13例,第2足趾移植再造拇指4例,再造手指3例,及带足背皮瓣的第2足趾移植再造拇指7例,带足背皮瓣的第2,3足趾移植再造手指7例,带足背皮瓣的躅甲瓣或第2趾和第2,3趾组合移植再造拇手指10例,双足第2足趾移植全手缺失二指再造2例,共68例97指。结果再造拇手指和皮瓣全部成活,成活率为100％,术后经3月～10年的随访和信访,按中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定：优62指,良24指,可9指,差2指,优良率达88．66％。结论采用部棚趾、第2足趾棚甲瓣移植再造拇手指,带足背皮瓣的躅甲瓣、第2趾或第2,3趾组合移植行合并手部皮肤缺损的拇手指再造,效果满意。     

亚急诊拇手指再造八例

自1999年以来,采用亚急诊拇手指再造手术共8例,其中常规的第二足趾游离移植再造拇手指6例,甲瓣游离移植再造拇指2例,全部获得成功。体会:由于某些原因而无法行急诊再造手术的拇手指缺损,亚急诊拇手指再造手术是一种可行而有效的方法。亚急诊拇手指再造手术的最佳时间是外伤后48h内或伤后3～5d以内。创面彻底的扩创和娴熟的显微外科技术是手术成功的关键。亚急诊拇手指再造八例@杨晓东$浙江省义乌市中心医院骨科 @鲍丰$浙江省义乌市中心医院骨科     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

The analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in patients with chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Background : Ketamine in sub-dissociative doses has been shown to have analgesic and phantom-Limb pain, where conventional treatment has often failed. Chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans often responds poorly to analgesics, and the pain-generating mechanisms are not well understood.
Methods : Eight patients with rest pain in the lower extremity due to arteriosclerosis obliterans were given sub-dissociative doses of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 mg/kg racemic ketamine and morphine 10 mg as a 5-min infusion on four separate days in a cross-over, double-blind, randomised protocol. Plasma levels of (S)- and (R)-ketamine and their nor-metabolites were analysed with an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pain levels were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results : Individual pain levels were highly variable during and after all the infusions but the pooled pain levels showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect of ketamine with a transient but complete pain relief in all patients at the highest dose (0.45 mg/ kg). Side-effects, mainly disturbed cognition and perception, were pronounced and dose-dependent. Morphine 10 mg had an analgesic peak at 20 min and 5/8 patients had complete pain relief. The remaining 3 patients also had high baseline pain scores, indicating a higher analgesic potency for the 0.30 and 0.45 mg/ kg ketamine doses than for morphine 10 mg.
Conclusion : We have demonstrated a potent dose-dependent analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in clinical ischemic pain. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, this analgesic effect is probably best utilised in combination with other analgesics.