年龄对血清前列腺特异性抗原浓度的影响

为使临床更合理运用前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）诊断前列腺癌的价值，作者随机选择３２２例无前列腺疾患人群进行ＰＳＡ特征的研究。结果发现：血清ＰＳＡ浓度与年龄明显有关（ｒ＝０．３０１，Ｐ＜０．０００１），血清ＰＳＡ浓度随年龄增长而增高。各年龄组血清ＰＳＡ上限（均数＋２倍标准差）：２０～４９岁组为２．７１ｎｇ／ｍｌ，５０～５９岁组为５．０１ｎｇ／ｍｌ，６０～６９岁组为６．０５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，７０岁以上组为７．９２ｎｇ／ｍｌ。作者建议使用年龄特异性血清ＰＳＡ参考值，以取代各年龄组男性整体得出的单一参考值。ＰＳＡ年龄特异性参考值可以提高诊断前列腺癌的特异性     

游离与总PSA比值——一种前列腺癌检测的可靠指标

用放射免疫方法测定１１７例前列腺疾病患者血清游离ＰＳＡ（ＦＰＳＡ）、总ＰＳＡ（ＴＰＳＡ）值，并计算游离与总ＰＳＡ比值（Ｆ／Ｔ比值）。其中前列腺癌３１例，前列腺增生８６例。结果显示：Ｆ／Ｔ比值前列腺癌组明显低于前列腺增生组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。认为Ｆ／Ｔ比值可用于区别前列腺癌与前列腺增生，尤其当ＰＳＡ水平限定在４～１０μｇ／Ｌ范围内，应用Ｆ／Ｔ比值较ＰＳＡ为优     

血清前列腺特异性抗原的BA－ELISA测定法的建立及临床应用

建立一种灵敏的生物素－亲和素酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）用于血清前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）的测定。用自制ＰＳＡ免疫家兔制备抗ＰＳＡ血清，用亲合层析技术纯化抗ＰＳＡ抗体，将生物素－亲和素系统引入普通ＥＬＩＳＡ以增加其灵敏度。本法灵敏度０．２μｇ／Ｌ，工作范围０．２～５０μｇ／Ｌ，批内变异系数２．８％～５．０％，批间变异系数４．０％～９．６％，回收率９４．６％。本法与血清中其它成分无交叉反应。本法测定９２例正常男性血清ＰＳＡ水平为１．１０±１．１５μｇ／Ｌ，４６．５％（３１／６７）的前列腺增生症患者及９１．１％（４１／４５）的前列腺癌患者血清ＰＳＡ水平升高。本法快速、重复性好、特异性高，能够达到常用的放免法的灵敏度，可用于临床血清ＰＳＡ浓度的测定     

PSA作为筛选前列腺癌瘤标的几点体会

为了进一步提高前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）筛选前列腺癌的准确性，分析了自１９９３年１月～１９９５年８月经病理学诊断的５６例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）和３０例前列腺癌的病例资料。结果显示，当肿瘤阳性筛选界值为１０．０μｇ／Ｌ时检出肿瘤的灵敏性为６０％，特异性为９０％；前列腺体积和急性尿潴留可显著影响ＰＳＡ值。ＢＰＨ组中１７例（３０．４％）ＰＳＡ超过１０．０μｇ／Ｌ，前列腺癌组中４例（１３．３％）ＰＳＡ低于１０．０μｇ／Ｌ，１例（３．３％）低于２．６μｇ／Ｌ（参考正常值上界）。结合前列腺大小，以及是否合并其它病理状态等分析，可提高ＰＳＡ检出肿瘤的灵敏性；对界值以下的ＢＰＨ患者应密切随访，据年度ＰＳＡ增长率等对可疑病例作前列腺穿刺活检，直至前列腺切除术，以提高前列腺癌的早期诊断率。     

前列腺体积对前列腺特异抗原的影响

目的：研究前列腺特异怕（ＰＳＡ）与前列腺增生腺体体积的关系及其在前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）诊断中的价值。方法：７５例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者根据其ＰＳＡ〉或≤４μｇ／Ｌ分为两组,另有２５例ＰＣａ患者,术后用放射免疫法测定血清ＰＳＡ《所有患者经Ｂ超测出前列腺体积,用ｔ检验和相关分析研究各组间的差异及相关性。结果：ＰＳＡ〉４μｇ／Ｌ的ＢＰＨ较之ＰＳＡ≤４μｇ／Ｌ者,腺体体积显著增大且ＰＳＡ和ＰＳＡ密度（ＰＳ     

血清前列腺特异性抗原的BA—ELISA测定法的建立及临床应用

建立一种灵敏性的生物素－亲和素酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）用于血清前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）的测定。用自制ＰＳＡ免疫家兔制备抗ＰＳＡ血清，用亲合层析技术纯化抗ＰＳＡ抗体，将生物素亲和素系统引入普通ＥＬＩＳＡ以增加其灵敏度，本法灵敏度０．２μｇ／Ｌ，工作范围０．２～５０μｇ／Ｌ，批内变异系数为２．８％～５．０％，批间变异系数４．０％～９．６％，回收率９４．６％，本法与血清中其它成分无交叉反     

BPH并发与未并发急性尿潴留患者术前血清PSA对比观察

为了解前列腺增生症并发急性尿潴留与未并发发尿潴留者血清前列腺特异性抗原的变化，对２１例ＢＰＨ并发急性尿潴留及２４例ＢＰＨ未并发尿潴留者术前血清ＰＳＡ进行了对比观察。结果显示ＢＰＨ并发急性尿潴留组血清ＰＳＡ异常者占７６．２％，平均血清ＰＳＡ为１４．２μｇ／Ｌ，其中ＰＳＡ〉１０．０μｇ／Ｌ，占５２．４％。     

PSA诊断前列腺癌骨转移的临床价值

目的 探讨ＰＳＡ诊断前列腺癌骨转移的临床价值。方法 以同位素全身骨扫描为金标准,回顾性分析了放免法测定的５７例前列腺骨转移患者和１４例非骨转移患者血清ＰＳＡ水平与骨转移的关系,结果 ＰＳＡ〈２０μｇ／Ｌ者骨转移的发生率极低,ＰＳＡ≥２０μｇ／Ｌ者有骨转移可能;ＰＳＡ≥４０μｇ／Ｌ者骨转移的要能性极大,结论 对于新诊断而未治疗的前列腺癌患者,ＰＳＡ〈２０μｇ／Ｌ者密切随访ＰＳＡ;ＰＳＡ≥２０μｇ／Ｌ     

F／TPSA在TPSA4—10μg／L之间的前列腺增和玫前列腺癌鉴别诊断中的 …

目的：探讨总前列腺特异性抗原（ＴＰＳＡ）与游离流列腺特异性抗原（ＦＰＳＡ）的比值在ＴＰＳＡ４－１０μｇ／Ｌ之间的良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌（ＰＣ）中鉴别诊断的意义，方法：采用放免法对２８１例病人的ＴＰＳＡ和ＦＰＳＡ进行测定，并计算Ｆ／ＴＰＳＡ，其中ＴＰＳＡ在４－１０μｇ／Ｌ的ＰＣ和ＢＰＨ病人分别是１０例和５１例，结果：ＰＣ组和ＢＰＨ组的ＴＰＳＡ分别是６．２２μｇ／Ｌ和６．０４μｇ／Ｌ，两组     

双抗体夹心一步法检测前列腺特异抗原及应用的评价

用聚乙二醇、葡聚糖凝胶（ＰＥＧ、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ）两步法提取精浆前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ），建立了一步检测血清ＰＳＡ的ＥＬＩＳＡ法及正常参考值范围。经５８例临床标本及９５例正常男性血清ＰＳＡ测定，对前列腺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为１００％和９４．２％；６０岁以下和６０岁以上的男性血清ＰＳＡ临界值分别为３．４μｇ／Ｌ和４．６μｇ／Ｌ。表明年龄因素对ＰＳＡ测定有较大影响，在判断测定结果时必须加以考虑。     

血清PSA水平下降速率联合改良PI-RADS评分在鉴别前列腺良性疾病与前列腺癌中的价值

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平下降速率联合改良前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)评分在鉴别前列腺良性疾病和前列腺癌中的价值。方法回顾分析80例行前列腺穿刺活检患者的临床资料,根据病理结果分为前列腺良性疾病组和前列腺癌组,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定阈值,比较两组PSA水平下降速率、PI-RADS评分、血常规和尿液白细胞等相关参数,采用t检验或Z检验等统计方法探讨这些参数在鉴别前列腺良性疾病和前列腺癌中的价值。结果两组相比,PSA水平下降速率、改良PI-RADS评分、淋巴细胞百分比和尿液白细胞差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组血常规中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。通过ROC确定,PSA下降速率阈值为3.175 ng/mL时,对前列腺疾病鉴别诊断符合率最高。再结合改良PI-RADS评分,使得前列腺疾病诊断符合率大幅提升。结论使用血清PSA水平下降速率联合改良PI-RADS评分鉴别前列腺良性疾病和前列腺癌,可提高前列腺穿刺阳性率。     

BPH患者组织学前列腺炎与PSA、前列腺体积、PSAD、IPSS、Qmax及PVR的相关性研究

目的:探讨BPH患者组织学前列腺炎与PSA、前列腺体积、PSA密度(PSAD)、IPSS、最大尿流率(Qmax)及残余尿量(PVR)的相关性。方法:手术切除或经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗的BPH患者673例。按照是否伴有组织学前列腺炎将患者分为两组:A组:BPH伴组织学前列腺炎;B组:BPH不伴有组织学前列腺炎。比较两组患者PSA、前列腺体积、PSAD、IPSS、Qmax及PVR。结果:A组PSA水平为(5.64±2.48)μg/L,前列腺体积(43.66±13.11)ml,PSAD 0.129±0.048,IPSS(24.72±5.39)分,Qmax(6.94±3.23)ml/s,PVR(124.90±49.80)ml;B组PSA水平为(4.97±1.99)μg/L,前列腺体积(40.41±11.44)ml,PSAD 0.123±0.034,IPSS(23.40±6.21)分,Qmax(7.75±3.52)ml/s,PVR(112.73±50.03)ml。A组PSA水平、前列腺体积、IPSS和PVR均明显高于B组(P<0.05);A组Qmax明显低于B组(P<0.05);PSAD两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:组织学前列腺炎能明显增加患者的PSA水平、前列腺体积、IPSS和PVR,降低患者Qmax。但是组织学前列腺炎与PSAD无关;组织学前列腺炎是影响BPH临床进展的重要因素。     

超声引导下前列腺12针系统穿刺活检增加前列腺癌检出率的研究

目的:探讨不同年龄及前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)分组对12针穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率及肿瘤特征的影响。方法:临床表现怀疑前列腺癌患者210例,按照患者的年龄分为≤59岁组、60～69岁组、70～79岁组、≥80岁组,按照PSA水平分为0～4μg/L组、4.1～10μg/L组、10.1～20μg/L组、20.1～50μg/L组、>50μg/L组,记录患者临床资料及活检结果。提出不同的穿刺方案并计算其检出率。结果:210例怀疑为前列腺癌患者,检出前列腺癌91例,总的前列腺癌检出率为43.3%,随着年龄的增长,PSA水平的提高,检出率逐渐提高。年龄的增长、PSA水平的提高与体积较大、分级较高的肿瘤密切相关。外周带穿刺与旁正中矢状尖部穿刺有较高的前列腺癌检出率。当患者年龄<60岁,PSA水平<20μg/L时,12针穿刺活检为较佳方案。结论:12针穿刺活检可以弥补6针穿刺活检的缺陷,随着患者年龄的增长,PSA水平的提高,肿瘤的体积增大、病理分级较差。传统6针穿刺法与12针相比,受患者年龄、PSA水平的影响较大。     

良性前列腺增生病人血清不同类别PSA的检测与分析

目的 :分析前列腺增生 (BPH)病人血清中不同前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)的稳定性 ,探讨其在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。　方法 :将病理诊断证实的 1 0 5例BPH病人按总PSA(tPSA)水平分为 3组 :A组 (tPSA <4μg/L)67例 ,B组 (tPSA值 4～ 1 0 μg/L) 2 6例 ,C组 (tPSA >1 0 μg/L) 1 2例。按年龄分为 3组 :a组 (≤ 55岁 ) 1 8例 ,b组 (56～ 69岁 ) 33例 ,c组 (≥ 70岁 ) 54例。采用Bayer磁微粒化学发光免疫方法 ,测定各组BPH病人血清中的复合PSA(cPSA)、tPSA、游离PSA(fPSA) ,并计算cPSA/tPSA、fPSA/tPSA、fPSA/cPSA比值 ,比较它们在不同年龄和tPSA水平组间的稳定性。　结果 :无论在不同的tPSA水平组 ,还是在不同的年龄组 ,cPSA/tPSA比值和fPSA/tPSA、fP SA/cPSA比值比其它各种PSA更稳定。　结论 :cPSA/tPSA比值和fPSA/tPSA、fPSA/cPSA比值在前列腺疾病的诊断中可能更具有应用价值     

经会阴前列腺24针饱和穿刺活检与14针活检在PSA＜20μg/L患者中筛检前列腺癌的对比性研究

目的:探讨超声引导下经会阴前列腺24针饱和穿刺活检与14针穿刺活检方案对PSA<20μg/L可疑前列腺癌患者的筛检阳性率及其相关并发症。方法:选取116例可疑前列腺癌患者行经会阴超声引导下14针穿刺活检(14针组),另136例患者,行经会阴24针饱和前列腺穿刺活检(24针饱和组),比较两组前列腺癌筛检阳性率、标本阳性率及穿刺后肉眼血尿、泌尿系感染、尿潴留等并发症的发生率。结果:两组患者平均年龄、穿刺前PSA水平、平均前列腺体积等指标均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。24针饱和组及14针组前列腺癌筛检总体阳性率分别为48.53%和17.24%,存在显著性差异(P<0.001),标本阳性率分别为8.09%和2.83%(P=0.012);其中24针饱和组前列腺尖部肿瘤的检出率(11.76%)显著高于14针组(1.72%,P<0.05)。两组穿刺后尿潴留、泌尿系感染和肉眼血尿等发生率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:24针经会阴前列腺饱和穿刺活检方法显著提高PSA<20μg/L患者中前列腺癌的筛检阳性率,尤其是增加了前列腺尖部区域的肿瘤筛检阳性率,而并未增加相关并发症。     

Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 is not a useful marker of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels is more efficient than serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in predicting prostate cancer in patients undergoing prostatic biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 94 consecutive patients who required transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsies of their prostate and who had blood samples taken before their biopsies. These samples were then analysed for IGF-1 and PSA concentrations. Six prostatic biopsies were taken from each patient; they were assessed and a diagnosis made of prostate cancer or no malignancy. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were found to have prostate cancer and 57 had no evidence of malignancy. There was no statistical difference in serum IGF-1 levels between these groups. The PSA level and age of the patients differed significantly between the groups (both P<0.001). There was no correlation between IGF-1 and PSA levels, and even when the age difference in the groups was considered, there was still no significant relationship between IGF-1 levels and the incidence of prostate cancer. In patients with a PSA level of 4-20 microg/L there was no statistically significant difference in IGF-1 levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-1 as a tumour marker does not help to predict patients with prostate cancer. PSA level and even age were better predictors of the presence of prostate cancer than were serum IGF-1 levels.     

弥散加权磁共振联合经直肠超声定位的前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值

目的 探讨DWI在前列腺穿刺活检中的运用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年12月在我院行常规经直肠超声(TRUS)定位下经直肠前列腺穿刺(A组)的410例患者和DWI联合TRUS定位下行前列腺穿刺(B组)的141例患者资料,按前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)＜10μg/L、10 μg/L≤PSA ＜20 μg/L、20 μg/L≤PSA ＜50 μg/L和PSA≥50 μg/L将A、B两组各分为4个亚组,分别比较DWI联合TRUS定位与单纯TRUS定位下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的诊断率.结果 A组PSA＜ 10 μg/L、10μg/L≤PSA ＜20 μg/L、20 μg/L≤PSA＜ 50 μg/L和PSA≥50 μg/L的患者穿刺诊断率分别为12.1％、31.1％、48.0％和91.2％,B组中对应的患者穿刺诊断率分别为23.7％、35.5％、66.7％和96.3％,两种穿刺方法的诊断率在PSA＜ 10 μg/L的患者中有统计学差异(x2=4.405,P＜0.05).结论 对于PSA＜ 10 μg/L的可疑患者,建议行DWI及TRUS联合定位的可疑病灶加系统穿刺法,从而提高前列腺穿刺的诊断率.     

The short-term prostate-specific antigen velocity before biopsy can be used to predict prostatic histology

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the short-term prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity before biopsy can be used to predict prostatic histology, and to assess the role of a second PSA measurement before prostate biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 197 patients who were referred for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate biopsy. The PSA level was initially measured at the first outpatient assessment; patients with a serum PSA level of < 4 ng/mL and > 50 ng/mL were excluded. Blood samples were taken just before prostate biopsy for the second PSA measurement. The mean interval between the measurements was 2.2 months. The short-term PSA velocity was calculated and correlations between this variable and age, prostate volume and initial PSA levels determined. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the short-term PSA velocity of patients with benign prostate histology and those with prostate cancer (P < 0.05). The short-term PSA velocity alone had the same diagnostic accuracy as the serum PSA level (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.612). There was only a weak correlation between the short-term PSA velocity and prostate volume. However, there was no correlation with age and initial PSA level in patients with benign histology. The second PSA measurement had higher specificity without losing sensitivity. CONCLUSION: The short-term PSA velocity estimated before biopsy can be used to predict prostatic histology. By measuring serum PSA 2 months after the first in patients with serum PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL, the number of negative biopsies can be reduced by 17%.     

The relation of prostate biopsy results and ratio of free to total PSA in patients with a total PSA between 4–20 ng/mL

Objective: In this study our aim was to investigate the efficacy of free tototal PSA ratio in discrimination of benign prostate hyperplasia andprostate cancer.Materials and methods: A total of 194 patients, 52 to 82 years old (mean66.06 ± 0.47 years) with PSA levels between 4 to 20 ng/mL wereincluded into this study. Each patient underwent sextant prostate biopsyunder transrectal ultrasound guidance. The patients were divided into twogroups as PSA 4–10 and 10–20 ng/mL. Patients with benign and malignresults were compared with respect to age, total PSA level, free PSA leveland free/total (f/t) PSA ratio.Results: Biopsies revealed prostate cancer in 16 of 130 patients (12.3%)with serum PSA 4–10 ng/mL and in 10 of 64 patients (15.6%) with serumPSA 10–20 ng/ml. In both PSA groups free PSA and f/t PSA levels werestatistically significant, where total PSA levels were not. In patients with4–20 ng/mL total PSA levels and a cut off level of < 0.18 for f/t PSA, thesensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for prostate cancerwere 88.5%, 53.6% and 20.4% respectively.Conclusion: Higher levels of PSA suggest prostate cancer, but stilladditional parameters are needed for patients with PSA 4–20 ng/mL, suchas free PSA and f/t PSA. Although a cut off level of < 0.18 for f/t PSA seemsto be the most accurate one to discriminate benign and malign diseasesfurther studies on larger groups of patients are needed.