氩氦刀超低温冷冻术治疗前列腺癌(附18例报告)

目的 评价氩氦刀低温冷冻治疗前列腺癌的临床效果。方法 采用美国Endoeare公司制造CBYDCARE低温手术系统。病人在全麻或硬膜外麻醉，在直肠超声或腹部超声术中定位监测下，实施前列腺超低温治疗。结果 分别于冷冻治疗术后1个月，3个月，在直肠超声指导下前列腺穿刺活检做病理检查，11例阴性，7例阳性，其中B期5例均为阴性，8例病人排尿困难明显改善，无尿道坏死及尿失禁。结论 氩氦刀低温冷冻术治疗前列腺癌效果良好，具有住院时间短，不失血，创伤小，恢复快，尤其适合前列腺癌B期，C期的治疗。     

不固定化疗期短程化疗研究初探

目的研究从现行６个月短化方案进一步缩短化疗期的疗效。方法改进初治涂阳患者６个月固定化疗期，采用涂片检查并以痰菌转阴后连续３个月阴性为治愈停药标准。结果２９０例涂阳肺结核经２ＳＨＲＺ／ｘＨＲ治疗，６个月时痰菌阴转率９８．３％，２８３例阴转治愈，平均化疗期４．７个月，２年随访率９４．３％，细菌学复发率１．９％。结论采用痰涂片检查，并以痰菌转阴后连续３个月阴性为阴转治愈标准，可将化疗期平均缩至４．７个月，且治愈率高，２年细菌学复发率低，为进一步缩短化疗期进行了有意义的探索。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术临床应用观察(附168例报告)

行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）168例。结果166例症状明显改善，随访3～43个月，均未再次发生心绞痛；围术期死亡2例，1例术后9d死于多器官功能衰竭，1例死于急性心肌梗死。认为OPCAB早期疗效满意，良好的暴露、麻醉和充分的体外循环准备是手术成功的保证。     

老年人颈动脉内膜切除术61例临床分析

目的 评价老年症状性颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜切除术的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析61例老年症状性颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜切除术的临床资料。结果 全组无死亡病例，脑缺血症状明显改善45例，好转13例，术后并发脑梗死?例，颈动脉内血栓形成1例。55例随访1～18个月(40例随访时间≥12个月)，53例病情稳定，2例有短暂性脑缺血发作。结论 只要适应证选择准确，围术期处理得当，术中操作熟练，颈动脉内膜切除术对老年人是安全、有效的。     

初治涂阳肺结核强化期住院督导的短程化疗效果分析

目的 观察初治涂阳肺结核病人强化期住院督导的短程化疗效果。方法 将168例初治菌阳肺结核患者，随机分为住院督导组和门诊全程管理组，观察疗程满1、2个月痰菌阴转率，满2个月X线病灶改变及6个月的转归队列分析。结果 住院督导组和门诊全程管理组满1、2个月痰菌阴转率分别占81．8％、88．6％和63．8％、75．0％、；X线胸片明显改善，住院督导组和门诊全程管理组病灶吸收分别占80．7％、67．7％，6个月治愈率分别为95．5％和80．0％。结论 实施强化期住院督导治疗初治涂阳肺结核病人取得显著成效，对门诊治疗不能保证规律用药者可考虑强化期住院督导治疗。     

女性肺癌100例临床分析

１００例女性肺癌的临床特点是：年龄在４１岁以上占８５例，最年轻者２０岁，最长才８８岁。吸烟者仅１６人，病理类型腺癌与腺鳞癌占６０％，肿瘤生长部位，右肺多于左肺，右上肺叶３２例前段占２０例。从初诊至确诊时间，１个月内３０％，２个月达４６％，３个月达５５％，６个月８１％，１年者９７％，最长１例３年内确诊。ＴＮＭ分期：Ⅰ期１１例，Ⅲ，Ⅳ期６５例。     

肺结核病人不固定化疗期的短化研究——短化治疗个体化研究

本文选取了２９０例初治涂肺结核病人，应用２ＳＨＲＺ／４ＨＲ方案将传统的固定化疗期改为不固定化疗期，以痰涂片转阴后连续３个月阴性为治愈停药标准，平均化疗期为４．７月，６个地累计痰菌阴转率９８．３％。停药后随访２年细菌学复发率１．９％，总失败率为３．６％，达到短化的“金标准”。即以４药强化２个月，继续治疗期以Ｈ，Ｒ治疗由化疗期改为不固定化疗期，平均缩短化疗期１．３个月，获得与固定化疗期６个月效果完全一     

经内镜射频消融和置入内支架联合治疗不能切除的胆胰肿瘤

目的探讨经内镜射频消融和置入内支架的联合治疗在延长不能切除的胆胰肿瘤患者胆道通畅期中的作用。方法共58例患者采用联合治疗：6例十二指肠乳头癌先作内镜下乳头局部切除，而后对残留病灶作射频消融；52例经ERCP测出肿瘤狭窄段的范围，对狭窄段作射频消融，然后置入相匹配的金属内支架。收集同期52例单放金属内支架者作为对照组。结果在联合治疗组中，3例治疗后2个月内因胆道严重感染、全身衰竭死亡，余55例胆道平均通畅期为9．2个月，平均存活期为16个月。其中48例再次梗阻后再次内镜下治疗，28例单作射频消融和20例射频消融加再置入内支架，通畅期又平均延长5．1个月。而单放内支架组胆道通畅期为6．1个月，平均存活期为13个月。结论射频消融能阻止肿瘤的局部增长，从而延长内支架的通畅期和患者的存活期。     

初治涂阳肺结核不固定化疗期短程化疗远程疗效观察

目的：在6个月固定化疗期全程每日给药化疗方案的基础上，观察进一步缩短化疗期的远期疗效。方法：采用2HRZS（E）／XH3R3化疗方案治疗初治涂阳肺结核，经涂片检查痰菌阴转后连续3个月阴性为治疗停药标准，并注意抓好研究过程中的环节质量控制。结果：符合选例标准95例，92例完成规则治疗，累计痰菌阴转率为98．9％，91例治愈，平均化疗期为5．1个月，2年随访率为91．2％，细菌学复发率为2．3％，结论：本研究与国内6个月标准短化相比，其复发率相近，说明本方案治愈率高，可缩短治疗期。     

缩短22HR／7HR方案化疗期的研究初始耐药病例（续报）

本文对２８例初始耐药病例应用２ＳＨＲ／７ＨＲ方案，以痰菌培养连续３个月阴性为治愈停药标准平均治疗期６．５个月，虽可平均缩短２．５个月，但９个月阴转率８９．３％，停药后２年细菌学复发率２４％，证明初耐药病例改固定化疗期为不固定化疗期，以痰菌培养阴性连续３个月做为治愈标准是不够的，需要连续３个月以上。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.