卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠治疗早期癫痫的效果观察

目的观察卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠治疗早期癫痫的临床效果。方法选取我院神经内科2010-01—2012-06收治的早期癫痫患者90例,随机分成3组,每组30例,分别采取卡马西平单药治疗,丙戊酸钠单药治疗以及卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠治疗;对所有患者在治疗开始后随访半年,比较3组有效率及不良反应。结果卡马西平组总有效率66.67%,丙戊酸钠组60.67%,联合用药组93.33%,联合用药组较其他2组整体有效率均明显增高(P0.05)。3组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单药卡马西平或者丙戊酸钠用药治疗相比,卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫具有很好的效果,且不良反应发生率与单药治疗无明显差别,可作为癫痫临床治疗的常规方案。     

卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠与单用卡马西平治疗癫痫的疗效及不良反应对比

目的比较卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠与单用卡马西平治疗癫痫的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选择2013-01—2014-01我院收治的癫痫患者90例,随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组给予单纯卡马西平治疗,观察组给予卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠治疗。对比2组患者的临床疗效及不良反应发生率。结果 (1)观察组总有效率(95.6%)明显高于对照组(82.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)观察组头晕、皮疹及白细胞减少的发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而2组患者的纳差、嗜睡、脱发及耳鸣的发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论卡马西平联合丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫,可明显提高临床疗效,减轻不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

卡马西平 托吡酯与丙戊酸钠治疗脑炎继发癫痫的疗效分析

目的观察卡马西平、托吡酯与丙戊酸钠治疗脑炎继发癫痫的疗效。方法选取60例脑炎继发癫痫患者为研究对象,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组20例,A组给予卡马西平治疗,B组给予丙戊酸钠治疗,C组给予托吡酯治疗。对3组疗效进行评价;对3组患者治疗期间不良反应的发生情况进行观察。结果 3组临床有效率分别为70%、70%和75%,差异无统计学有意义(P0.05),且3组各项疗效评价结果差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);3组治疗期间不良反应的发生率分别为55%、45%和15%,A组或B组不良反应发生率显著高于C组(P0.05),A组皮疹发生率显著高于B组与C组(P0.05)。结论卡马西平、丙戊酸钠、托吡酯治疗脑炎继发癫痫的疗效基本相当,但托吡酯的不良反应较少,有助于提高患者的依从性。     

卡马西平托吡酯与丙戊酸钠治疗脑炎继发癫痫的疗效分析

目的探讨卡马西平、托吡酯与丙戊酸钠治疗脑炎继发癫痫的临床疗效。方法将126例脑炎继发癫痫患者随机分为观察A组(n=42)、观察B组(n=42)及观察C组(n=42),分别给予卡马西平、托吡酯及丙戊酸钠治疗,对比3组患者临床效果。结果观察A、B、C 3组治疗总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(73.8%,76.2%,78.6%)(P0.05);观察B组不良反应发生率为14.3%,显著低于观察A组的45.2%和观察C组的30.9%(P0.05);观察组A组对PS型发作的疗效显著优于观察组B、C组(P0.05)。结论卡马西平、托吡酯、丙戊酸钠对于脑炎继发癫痫患者均具有确切疗效,但托吡酯不良反应发生率相对较低,可作为治疗首选临床用药。     

神经外科术后早期癫痫的治疗及病因研究

目的探讨神经外科围手术期常规应用丙戊酸钠进行预防后仍出现术后早期癫痫的治疗方法及病因。方法对幕上开颅患者在术前、术中和术后应用丙戊酸钠进行癫痫预防。对预防后出现术后早期癫痫者立刻给予丙戊酸钠(15mg/kg)静脉注射,同时增加丙戊酸钠静脉维持剂量[1.5mg/(kg·h)],观察20min,无效者再次给予丙戊酸钠(18mg/kg)静脉注射。观察其疗效及副作用,并分析术后早期癫痫与疾病、手术损伤、颅内出血及抗癫痫药物血药浓度等关系。结果全组29例病人,丙戊酸钠治疗有效23例(79%),30min内控制癫痫发作,无复发;无效用其他药物6例(21%),测得最高丙戊酸钠血药浓度为150mg/L,无明显副作用。全组病例中20名患者在癫痫发生后首次丙戊酸钠静注(15mg/kg)后10min,所测丙戊酸钠血浓度低于70mg/L,全部应用丙戊酸钠针剂控制癫痫者血药浓度大于80mg/L。同时分析此29例病人,发现术后早期癫痫65%发生在术后6h内,平均手术时间为5.2h。72%早期癫痫患者为右侧额叶病变,72.4%早期癫痫患者在术中有侧裂静脉及额叶回流至矢状窦静脉损伤,31%术后早期癫痫患者术后复查头颅CT有蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)或脑内血肿。结论丙戊酸钠在治疗术后早期癫痫中效果肯定,无明显副作用。预防后仍出现术后早期癫痫与疾病部位、术中静脉损伤、术后颅内出血、脑水肿、手术时间及丙戊酸钠血药浓度偏低有关。     

癫痫治疗中丙戊酸钠与苯妥英钠或卡马西平的相互作用

丙戊酸钠与苯妥英钠或卡马西平合用治疗各型癫痫90例,丙戊酸钠使苯妥英钠和卡马西平血浓度下降;丙戊酸钠和卡马西平是强有力的肝酶诱导剂,使丙戊酸钠血浓度降低。抗痫药之间的相互作用错综复杂,临床上选择单一用药,尽量避免联合用药。     

探讨咪达唑仑联合丙戊酸钠对癫痫持续状态的治疗效果及安全性

目的探讨咪达唑仑联合丙戊酸钠对癫痫持续状态的治疗效果及安全性。方法选择我院2013-08-2016-05收治的100例癫痫持续状态患者为研究对象,按照入院先后分为研究组和对照组各50例,对照组给予丙戊酸钠治疗,研究组给予咪达唑仑联合丙戊酸钠进行治疗,比较2组的疗效和不良反应情况。结果研究组和对照组的总有效率分别为94.00%和78.00%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组和对照组的不良发应发生率分别为16.00%和14.00%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论咪达唑仑与丙戊酸钠联合使用治疗癫痫持续状态具有明显的疗效,同时安全性较高,适合在临床推广应用。     

丙戊酸钠与卡马西平治疗躁狂发作临床观察

目的：评价丙戊酸钠与卡马西平对锂盐治疗无效的躁狂发作的疗效和副反应。方法：将符合CCMD－2－R躁狂发作诊断标准的5例患者随机分为丙戊酸钠组和卡马西平组,治疗6周。使用Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表及临床疗效总评量表的疗效总评评定疗效,用副反应量表及有关实验室检查评定副反应。结果：丙戊酸钠与卡马西平均能有效减轻躁狂症状,疗效相近,丙戊酸钠起效时间迟于卡马西平。丙戊酸钠的副反应主要为肠道反应、震颤等、而卡马西平以共济失调、头晕、嗜睡等多见。结论：丙戊酸钠与卡马西平均可用于锂盐治疗无效的躁狂发作。     

阿米替林联合丙戊酸钠治疗药物过度使用性头痛的疗效

目的探讨阿米替林联合丙戊酸钠治疗药物过度使用性头痛的疗效。方法选取药物过度使用性头痛(medication overuse headache,MOH)患者,进行健康教育,建议停用各种止痛剂,并按照随机数字表分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组给予阿米替林+丙戊酸钠缓释片治疗(每晚口服阿米替林25mg+丙戊酸钠缓释片500mg),对照组仅予丙戊酸钠缓释片治疗(每晚口服丙戊酸钠缓释片500mg),疗程3个月。记录并比较2组患者头痛发作频率、头痛严重程度及药物不良反应发生情况。结果阿米替林联合丙戊酸钠治疗组,患者头痛发作频率、头痛严重程度显效改善率高于对照组(68.42%vs 25.00%,P0.05),治疗组总体有效率明显高于对照组(89.47%vs 55.00%,P0.05)。治疗组与对照组不良反应发生率无明显差别(10.52%vs 7.50%,P0.05)。结论阿米替林联合丙戊酸钠治疗药物过度使用性头痛安全有效。     

托吡酯联合丙戊酸钠治疗儿童癫痫的有效性及安全性

目的探讨托吡酯联合丙戊酸钠治疗儿童癫痫的有效性及安全性。方法选取80例癫痫患儿,随机分为对照组和联合组各40例,对照组给予托吡酯单药治疗,联合组在对照组用药基础上加用丙戊酸钠治疗。观察2组疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3个月时联合组治疗总有效率95.00%高于对照组80.00%(P0.05),治疗6个月时2组治疗总有效率分别为97.50%、87.50%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗3、6个月时2组癫痫发作月均频率明显低于治疗前(P0.01),治疗6个月癫痫发作月均频率明显低于治疗3个月(P0.01),治疗3、6个月时联合组癫痫发作月均频率明显低于对照组(P0.01);对照组不良反应发生率10.00%,联合组为15.00%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论托吡酯联合丙戊酸钠治疗儿童癫痫可在短期内减少癫痫发作频率,未明显增加不良反应发生率,耐受性较好。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.