孕妇社会资本量表的修订及信效度检验

目的 旨在翻译、修订孕妇社会资本评估量表（Social Capital Assessment Tool for in Pregnancy for Maternal Health, SCAT-MH）,并检验其信效度。方法 采用两阶段便利抽样的方法,样本1（n=253）主要用于修订中文版SCAT-MH量表;样本2（n=335）主要验证该量表的信效度。结果 中文版SCAT-MH主要包含4个维度16个条目,量表总的Cronbach ɑ为0.862,各个维度的信度系数在0.701~0.901之间,分半信度系数为0.819、0.760,重测信度系数为0.854;量表各个条目与总分（r=0.484~0.776,PSymbol|@@0.01）、维度与总分均呈中高度相关（r=0.575~0.807,PSymbol|@@0.01）,具有较好的内容效度;总量表及4个维度得分与效标工具均有相关性;验证性因子结果显示模型拟合度较好。结论 修订、汉化后的中文版SCAT-MH量表具有较好的信度、效度及区分度,适用于我国孕妇社会资本的评估。     

《青少年生活环境与心理健康量表》的初步修订

目的：修定建立调查多个心理卫生问题,又涵盖多方面影响因素,并具有良好心理测量学特征的工具,方法：利用美国学者R.Roberts编制的《青少年生活环境与心理健康量表》（Teen life survey,TLS),对853名普通中学学生测试,对该量表进行了初步修订。结果：大部分分量表的内部一致性系数达到了0．7－0．9,重测信度系数达到了0．6－0．9,因子结构清晰明朗,因子负荷全部大于0．5,累积方差贡献率均小于50％,结论：该量表在我国中学生中应用具有良好的信度和效度,基本符合心理测量学标准,可以作为了解青少年心理卫生问题状况和探讨其影响因素的工具。     

工作场所社会资本与健康关系的探索性研究

目的评价工作场所社会资本量表的信度和效度,分析工作场所社会资本与健康的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对上海市10个单位的员工进行问卷调查。应用克隆巴赫系数(Cronbach’sα)、Guttman分半系数和验证性因子分析评价工作场所社会资本的信度和效度;采用多元线性回归分析工作场所社会资本与健康的关系。结果工作场所社会资本量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.94,Guttman分半系数为0.92,表明量表具有较好的内部一致性;验证性因子分析结果显示:KMO值为0.91,共提取1个公因子,累计方差贡献率为70.5%,表明量表具有较好的结构效度。在控制其他可能影响健康的因素后,工作场所社会资本与自报健康得分呈负相关(B=-0.112,P<0.01)和身心健康呈正相关(B=1.771,P<0.01)。结论工作场所社会资本量表具有较好的信度和效度,且工作场所社会资本是自评健康和心理健康的重要影响因素。     

辅助生殖夫妇个体社会资本量表的构建及信效度评价

目的 构建和检验适用于辅助生殖夫妇个体水平社会资本测量量表,为针对性干预提供科学、有效的测评工具。方法 本研究进行专家咨询并通过文献归纳法初步拟定量表维度和条目,选取277对辅助生殖夫妇进行调查,检验量表信效度。结果 正式版量表由4个维度、11个条目组成。量表总体Cronbach′s α系数为0.83,各维度Cronbach′s α系数为0.67～0.88;分半信度系数为0.72;主成分分析法提取4个公因子,且各因子载荷值均>0.50,共同度均>0.50,累计方差贡献率为73.74%;验证性因子分析结果显示,量表的近似均方根误差为0.07,比较拟合指数为0.96。结论 开发的辅助生殖夫妇个体水平社会资本测量量表具有良好的信度和效度,可作为测评工具应用于临床实践,探讨社会因素与辅助生殖人群健康结局的关联。     

农村居民高血压患者生存质量的评价

目的　探讨汉化的SF - 36生存质量量表在农村居民高血压患者中的适用性。方法　在基线调查的基础上按照性别、民族、年龄 (± 2岁 )按 1∶2配比抽出 1 90例高血压患者和 380例正常对照 ,用SF - 36量表进行调查。结果　在躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能和精神健康等 5个维度中 ,高血压患者的得分均比血压正常者的得分低 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ;总的内部一致性是 0 89,生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能、总体健康和精神健康 6个维度的Cronbach’sα系数大于 0 6 ;生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康和情感职能 5个维度的相关系数均比其Cronbach’sα系数低。结论　用汉化的SF - 36生存质量量表评估农村居民高血压患者 ,显示了比血压正常者较低的生存质量 ,并且也显示了较好的内部一致性信度和结构效度 ,认为此表用于农村居民高血压患者生存质量的评价是可行的     

不同健康状况的中老年人社会资本量表的信度及效度评价

目的评价中老年人社会资本量表的信效度,探索其在不同健康状况的中老年人群间的区分度。方法针对已编制的中老年人社会资本量表,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在四川省成都市及泸州市共抽取1 367名50岁及以上中老年居民进行问卷调查。运用Cronbach’sα系数、Pearson相关系数、t检验、探索性因子分析等方法评价量表的信度和效度。结果 1 367名中老年调查对象的社会资本量表总Cronbach’sα系数为0.67,各维度条目与总分的相关系数在0.30～0.79之间,具有良好的信度;探索性因子分析表明,14个条目提取出5个特征根大于1的因子,累积方差贡献率为68.84%;现患慢性疾病的中老年病例组人群的个人社会资本得分、家庭社会资本得分、社团社会资本得分、社区社会资本得分及社会资本总得分均低于未患病的对照人群组,宏观社会资本得分高于对照人群组,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),提示该量表具有较好的区分度。结论中老年人社会资本量表具有较好的信度和效度,且对不同健康状况的50岁及以上中老年人中有较好的区分度。     

社区老年原发性高血压患者的心理健康与日常生活能力、社会支持相关性分析

目的了解石河子市老年原发性高血压患者的心理健康状况、日常生活能力、社会支持现况及相关性。方法采用典型抽样的方法对石河子市5个社区的461例老年高血压患者进行问卷调查。结果社区老年原发性高血压患者的心理需求与日常生活能力呈正相关(P<0.05)、与社会支持呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论日常生活能力、社会支持是影响老年患者心理健康的重要因素,应解决老年患者所出现的日常生活能力、社会支持方面的问题,以满足老年患者的心理健康,提高其身心健康。     

自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表的信度与效度检验

目的编制军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表,检验其信度与效度,为更好地了解军事应激环境下执行特殊任务官兵的心理健康状况提供较为科学的工具。方法随机抽取经常执行特殊军事任务的官兵568人,分为A组(n=217)、B组(n=351),用自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表分别对2组进行测试,用A组数据对其进行探索性因素分析,用B组数据进行信度分析和验证性因素分析。结果此量表包括3个分量表:自我认知、应对方式、压力反应,其因素负荷分别为0.39~0.85、0.40~0.76、0.45~0.94,方差解释率均大于40.0%;信度分析结果显示,自我认知、应对方式、压力反应内部一致性系数分别为0.79~0.93、为0.83~0.86、0.91~0.94,分半信度系数分别为0.75~0.88、0.79~0.84、0.82~0.91;验证性因素分析结果表明,3个分量表的拟合程度较高,拟合指标的χ2值与自由度df的比值均介于2~3之间,近似误差均方根MSREA均0.08,拟合结果可以接受,说明该量表的结构效度较好。结论自编的军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表有良好的信度和效度,可在特殊任务部队推广使用。     

城市新移民健康相关社会资本量表信效度分析

目的 评价健康相关城市新移民社会资本量表的信效度。方法 针对已编制的社会资本量表,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的原则抽取761名农转非居民进行问卷调查。运用Cronbach’s α系数、Pearson相关系数、t检验、方差分析、探索性因子分析等方法评价量表的信度和效度。结果 量表总的Cronbach’s α系数为0.767,显示该量表具有较好的信度。不同人口学特征的农转非居民社会资本总分的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),此量表具有较好的区分效度;通过因子分析,提取特征根>1的14个因子,各因子的累积方差贡献率为64.01%,最大方差法旋转因子后得到的量表结构能够反映理论结构核心概念和主要维度,该量表具有较好的结构效度。结论 城市新移民健康相关社会资本量表具有较好的信度和效度,可作为城市新移民社会资本测量和评价的工具,但个别条目还需要调整。     

养老机构老年人社会资本量表的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制养老机构老年人社会资本量表并检验其信效度。方法 依据课题组前期构建的养老机构老年人社会资本评价指标体系编制问卷,于2021年5月至7月,采用便利抽样法,在广州市某养老机构的两个院区选取449名老年人进行问卷调查,将总样本随机分成两部分,样本1(n=225)进行项目分析及探索性因子分析,样本2(n=224)进行验证性因子分析及信效度检验。2周后随机抽取30名老年人进行重测。结果 本研究编制的养老机构老年人社会资本量表包含5个维度,19个条目。量表条目水平内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.833～1.000,平均内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)为0.938。验证性因子分析中各指标均达到适配标准(χ²/df=1.776,CFI=0.921,TLI=0.905,RMSEA=0.056,SRMR=0.068),模型拟合良好。总量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.802,分半信度为0.879,重测信度为0.887。结论 养老机构老年人社会资本量表信效度良好,可作为评价养老机构老年人社会资本水平的工具。     

Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health

There has been much speculation about a possible association between the social and built environment and health, but the empirical evidence is still elusive. The social and built environments are best seen as contextual concepts but they are usually estimated as an aggregation of individual compositional measures, such as perceptions on trust or the desirability to live in an area. If these aggregated compositional measures were valid measures, one would expect that they would evince correlations at higher levels of data collection (e.g., neighbourhood). The aims of this paper are: (1) to investigate the factor structure of a self-administered questionnaire measuring individual perceptions of trust, social participation, social cohesion, social control, and the built environment; (2) to investigate variation in these factors at higher than the individual level (households and postcodes) in order to assess if these constructs reflect some contextual effect; and (3) to study the association between mental health, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and these derived factors. A cross-sectional household survey was undertaken during May-August 2001 in a district of South Wales with a population of 140,000. We found that factor analysis grouped our questions in factors similar to the theoretical ones we had previously envisaged. We also found that approximately one-third of the variance for neighbourhood quality and 10% for social control was explained at postcode (neighbourhood) level after adjusting for individual variables, thus suggesting that some of our compositional measures capture contextual characteristics of the built and social environment. After adjusting for individual variables, trust and social cohesion, two key social capital components were the only factors to show statistically significant associations with GHQ-12 scores. However, these factors also showed little variation at postcode levels, suggesting a stronger individual determination. We conclude that our results provide some evidence in support of an association between mental health (GHQ-12 scores) and perceptions of social capital, but less support for the contextual nature of social capital.     

The mechanisms that associate community social capital with post-disaster mental health: A multilevel model

Many scholars have advocated that the time has come to provide empirical evidence of the mechanisms that associate community social capital with individual disaster mental health. For this purpose we conducted a study (n = 232) one year after a flood (2008) in Morpeth, a rural town in northern England. We selected posttraumatic stress as an indicator of disaster mental health. Our multilevel model shows that high community social capital is indirectly salutary for individual posttraumatic stress. In particular, in communities (defined as postcode areas) with high structural social capital, the results suggest that individuals confide in the social context (high cognitive social capital) to address disaster-related demands (high collective efficacy), and employ less individual psychosocial resources (i.e. coping strategies and social support). This “conservation of individual psychosocial resources” in a salutary social context decreases the association between the appraisal of the disaster and posttraumatic stress. As a result of this mechanism, individuals suffer less from posttraumatic stress in communities with high social capital. These findings provide new insights how intervention policies aimed at strengthening both objective and subjective dimensions of social capital may reduce post-disaster mental health.     

青海高职护生心理健康状况及其与社会支持因素的相关性分析

目的研究分析青海高职护生心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性。方法采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持量表(SSRS)对427名高职护生进行测试,并分别与常模组进行比较。结果被试中至少有一个SCL-90因子的得分大于或等于3分的学生占4.45%。SCL-90中9个因子的得分均低于女性常模组(P<0.001);一年级学生、少数民族学生的心理健康问题相对较为突出。心理健康与社会支持有相关性。结论应加强高职护生心理健康教育及完善社会支持系统,尤其是加强新生、少数民族学生的心理健康教育。     

职业病患者社会支持与心理健康的相关性研究

目的 研究职业病患者的社会支持与心理健康状况及其之间的相关性,为提高职业病患者的心理健康水平提供决策依据。 方法 采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对135例职业病住院患者的社会支持、心理健康状况及其影响因素进行研究,运用SPSS 19.0软件对调查数据进行统计学处理。 结果 135例职业病患者SCL-90的平均总分为(178.56 ±66.96)分,9项因子平均分最小值为(1.72 ±0.73)分,最大为(2.25 ±1.01)分。总分和9项因子分均高于国内常模,各项得分在两者之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病患者的社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持及支持利用度得分均低于国内常模(P<0.01)。男性职业病患者的各项得分均高于女性患者(P<0.05或0.01),年龄大的职业病患者的各项得分均高于年龄小的患者(P<0.05或0.01),工伤医疗组和单位支付组各项得分均高于自费组(P<0.05),学历高的职业性病患者在客观支持上得分高于学历低的患者(P<0.05或0.01),已婚组获得的社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持得分都高于未婚组及离异或丧偶组(P<0.05),重度病情的职业病患者在社会支持总分、客观支持得分上高于中、轻度两组患者(P<0.01),家庭收入低的患者在其社会支持总分、客观支持、支持利用度上的得分低于家庭收入高的患者(P<0.05或0.01)。职业病患者的社会支持总分、主观支持得分与其躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖、偏执等因子均呈负相关(P<0.05或0.01)。 结论 职业病患者获得的社会支持较低,与其心理健康状况差有一定的相关性,应引起我们注意。     

社会兴趣与青少年心理健康的相关性分析

目的 了解青少年社会兴趣与心理健康的现况及关系。方法 采用分层整群抽样与随机抽样相结合的方法,抽取河南省4所中职学校中的605名青少年为研究对象,平均年龄为（16.42±1.06）岁,并运用青少年社会兴趣量表、青少年心理健康量表对其进行调研,采用SPSS20.0软件主要以单因素方差分析、相关分析及逐步回归分析法处理调研数据。结果 不同年级的青少年在社会兴趣（F = 8.263,P＜0.001）、心理健康（F = 8.007,P＜0.001）各构面上差异有统计学意义,经Scheffe检验,发现一年级与三年级之间差异有统计学意义（F值介于4.647～10.852之间,P＜0.001）;青少年的社会兴趣与心理健康之间具有低、中度正相关（r值介于0.382～0.687之间,P＜0.01）;青少年社会兴趣的友善性、归属感、贡献力3个预测变量能解释心理健康57.6%的变异量,且以友善性自变量解释力最高（46.6%）。结论 青少年的社会兴趣能影响其心理健康。     

A life-cycle approach to the analysis of the relationship between social capital and health in Britain

I examine to what extent social capital can promote individual well-being in the form of good physical and mental health. Our analysis is based on multiple waves of data from the National Child Development Survey and the British Cohort Study, two large cohort studies following the lives of children who were born in Britain in one particular week in 1958 and 1970. I use waves that are comparable across the surveys in childhood and adulthood to explore the association between aspects of social capital and several measures of health when adopting a life-cycle approach. The findings suggest that individuals with high levels of social capital generally fare better than individuals with lower levels of social capital and that such associations are robust to the inclusion of controls such as physical and mental health in childhood and circumstances of the family of origin.     

Religious social capital: its measurement and utility in the study of the social determinants of health

As a social determinant of health, religiosity remains not well understood, despite the prevalence of religious activity and prominence of religious institutions in most societies. This paper introduces a working measure of Religious Social Capital and presents preliminary associations with neighborhood social capital and urban stressors. Religious social capital is defined as the social resources available to individuals and groups through their social connections with a religious community. Domains covered include group membership, social integration, values/norms, bonding/bridging trust as well as social support. Cross-sectional data come from a convenience sample of 104 community dwelling adults residing in a single urban neighborhood in a large US city, who also provided information on neighborhood social capital, and experiences of urban stressors. Results suggest that religious social capital is a valid construct that can be reliably measured. All indicators of religious social capital were higher among those who frequently attended religious services, with the exception of bridging trust (trust of people from different religious groups). A weak, inverse, association was also observed between religious and neighborhood social capital levels. Levels of religious social capital were correlated with higher levels of reported urban stressors, while neighborhood social capital was correlated with lower urban stressor levels. A significant percent of the sample was unaffiliated with a religious tradition and these individuals were more likely to be male, young and more highly educated. Social capital is a promising construct to help elucidate the influence of religion on population health.