H型高血压对糖尿病肾病患者左心房及颈动脉功能的影响研究

目的 应用二维斑点追踪成像（two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging,2D-STI）和超声极速成像技术分别检测左心房壁心肌应变率参数和颈动脉弹性参数,评价H型高血压对糖尿病肾病患者左心房及颈动脉功能的影响。方法 收集2019年9月至2021年6月西安医学院第三附属医院就诊的糖尿病肾病患者136例,根据指南标准分为单纯高血压组53例及H型高血压组83例,选择同期健康受试者50例作为健康对照组。收集所有受试者常规超声心动图及多普勒超声检查参数。应用2D-STI计算左心房壁心肌应变率参数[左心房收缩期平均纵向峰值应变率（mean peak longitudinal strain rate of left atrium in systolic phase,mSRs）,左心房舒张晚期平均峰值纵向应变率（mean peak longitudinal strain rate of left atrium in late-diastolic phase,mSRa）,左心房舒张早期平均峰值纵向应变率（mean peak longitudinal strain rate of left atrium in early-diastolic phase,mSRe）]。超声极速成像技术检测颈动脉弹性相关参数[内-中膜厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）,收缩早期脉搏波传导速度（beginning of the systole PWV,BS-PWV）,收缩晚期脉搏波传导速度（end of the systole PWV,ES-PWV）]。Pearson相关性分析左心房壁心肌应变率参数与颈动脉弹性参数间的相关性。结果 单纯高血压组和H型高血压组BMI、糖化血红蛋白浓度及收缩压、舒张压均高于健康对照组（P<0.05）。单纯高血压组和H型高血压组的左心房前后径（left atrial diameters,LAD）,二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值与二尖瓣环根部运动速度峰值比（E/e'）均高于健康对照组（P<0.05）,单纯高血压组LAD低于H型高血压组（P<0.05）。单纯高血压组和H型高血压组mSRs、mSRe均低于健康对照组,且H型高血压组mSRs、mSRe低于单纯高血压组（P<0.05）。单纯高血压组和H型高血压组IMT、BS-PWV及ES-PWV均高于健康对照组（P<0.05）;H型高血压组的IMT、BS-PWV及ES-PWV均高于单纯高血压组（P<0.05）。结论 相比健康人群,糖尿病肾病患者左心房和颈动脉功能明显发生损害,其中合并H型高血压的患者功能损害更加明显,且与颈动脉硬化及左心房功能损害具有相关性,提示H型高血压能加剧糖尿病肾病患者左心房及颈动脉功能损害。     

速度向量成像技术早期评价2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉硬化的研究

目的：运用速度向量成像技术（velocity vector imaging,VVI）探讨2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉管壁弹性的差异。方法：选择2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉无斑块患者40例作为研究组,健康志愿者40例作为对照组。应用常规超声检查内中膜厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）、收缩期峰值流速（peak systolic velocity,PSV）、阻力指数（resistance index,RI）,应用VVI测量颈总动脉管壁长轴方向上和短轴前、内、后、外对应点的收缩期峰值速度（velocity of systolic maximum,Vsm）、收缩期峰值应变（strain of systolic maximum,Ssm）及收缩期峰值应变率（strain rate of systolic maximum,SRsm）,并进行比较。结果：研究组、对照组PSV、RI比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。研究组和对照组IMT,长轴Vsm、Ssm、SRsm和短轴各对应点Vsm、Ssm、SRsm比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：VVI技术可用于检测2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化早期颈动脉弹性的改变。     

斑点追踪技术对左束支起搏与希氏束起搏患者心肌收缩应变及同步性的评价

目的：应用斑点追踪成像技术对左束支起搏（left bundle branch pacing,LBBP）与希氏束起搏（His bundle pacing,HBP）患者起搏器植入1年后左心室收缩功能及同步性进行评价。方法：获取LBBP患者（40例）、HBP患者（40例）、对照组（40例）标准心尖四腔、三腔、两腔和短轴二尖瓣、心尖水平图像;分别测量和比较LBBP、HBP患者与对照组纵向、圆周和径向应变、纵向应变达峰时间弥散度（peak strain dispersion,PSD）、左室扭转、心室间机械延迟时间（interventricular mechanical delay time,IVMD）;计算和比较圆周应变达峰时间标准差（standard deviation of time to peak circumferential strain,T-sd-CS）、径向应变达峰时间标准差（standard deviation of time to peak radial strain,T-sd-RS）。结果：HBP组短轴心尖平面T-sd-CS大于对照组,其余心室电活动及机械同步性参数与对照组无...     

二维斑点追踪技术联合实时三维超声心动图评价肥胖对原发性高血压患者左房功能的影响

目的：联合应用二维斑点追踪技术（two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging,2D-STI）和实时三维超声心动图 （real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT-3DE）评估肥胖对原发性高血压患者左房功能的影响。方法：根据体重指数 （body mass index,BMI）将2022年4月—2023年7月在南京医科大学附属江宁医院确诊的132例原发性高血压患者及114例血压正常的健康对照分为6个亚组。利用2D-STI 联合RT-3DE技术获得左房纵向应变及机械功能指数,比较各组间左房功能差异。结果：与相同BMI 分类的健康对照组相比,高血压组左房储备期应变（left artial reservoir strain,LASr）、左房导管期应变 （left artial conduit strain,LAScd）均下降（P < 0.05）;随BMI增加,高血压组LASr、LAScd、左房总排空分数（total left atrial ejection fraction,LAEFt）、左房被动排空分数（passive left atrial ejection fraction,LAEFp）、左房主动排空分数（active left a trial ejection fraction,LAEFa）均降低（P < 0.05）,而左房收缩期应变（left artial contractile strain,LASct）无明显差异（P > 0.05）。多元线性回归显示BMI与高血压组LASr、LAScd、LAEFt、LAEFp、LAEFa均呈独立负相关（P < 0.05）,而收缩压与高血压患者左房功能无明显相关（P > 0.05）。结论：高血压可引起左房功能受损,随着BMI的增加特别是合并肥胖后可在一定程度上进一步加重功能损伤。     

速度向量成像技术定量评估肥厚型心肌病患者左心房容积与功能的临床价值

目的应用速度向量成像（VVI）技术定量评估肥厚型心肌病（HCM）患者的左心房容积和功能,并探讨其临床价值。方法选择2019年3月至2020年9月在丽水市中心医院诊断为HCM的患者36例（HCM组）,另择同期健康体检者30例（对照组）,行常规超声心动图检查,应用VVI技术获取左心房功能及容积等相关指标并进行比较。结果HCM组二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速与舒张晚期峰值流速比值（E/A）、左心房整体纵向应变峰值（LA-GLPS）、收缩期峰值应变率（SRs）、舒张早期峰值应变率（SRe）、舒张晚期峰值应变率（SRa）、舒张早期排空率峰值（dv/dte）、左心房被动射血分数（LAPEF）及左心房总射血分数（LATEF）均低于对照组,而左心房前后径（LAD）、舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVSd）、收缩期速率峰值（dv/dts）、舒张晚期排空率峰值（dv/dta）、左心房最大容积（LAVmax）、左心房最小容积（LAVmin）、左心房收缩前容积（LAVp）、左心房最大容积指数（LAVImax）、左心房主动射血分数（LAAEF）均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论VVI技术可以定量、准确评估HCM患者的左心房容积及功能变化,有利于指导临床进行早期干预。     

应变率成像技术及彩色多普勒血流成像技术对原发性高血压病左房功能的定量评价

目的 探讨应变率成像技术（SRI）结合彩色多普勒血流成像技术（CDFI）对原发性高血压病左心房（简称左房）功能进行定量评价的价值。方法选取原发性高血压病患者30例及正常对照组20例,测量和记录舒张早期左房各壁的峰值应变率（SRe）和舒张晚期左房各壁的峰值应变率（SRa）,计算各壁SRe／SRa,两组所测参数进行比较。结果原发性高血压病组与正常对照组比较左房各壁的SRe差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。原发性高血压病患者左房各壁的SRe与左房射血力（LAEF）具有较好的相关性。结论通过研究证实SRI可以从一个新的角度对左房功能进行定量分析。原发性高血压病患者靶器官左房各壁SRe降低,反映出左房功能的变化。     

经食管超声心动图联合组织速度成像对持续性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值

目的 分析经食管超声心动图联合组织速度成像对持续性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年6月于台州市第一人民医院确诊的持续性房颤患者55例纳入研究组,选取同期进行健康体检的志愿者55名纳入对照组。两组受试者均进行经食管超声心动图、组织速度成像检测,比较两组受试者的常规左心房指标、左心耳前后壁中间段、基底段的峰值速度。结果 研究组患者的心率、左心房最大容积显著高于对照组,左心房射血分数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。55例持续性房颤患者中,共检出左心耳内血栓20例,其中血栓位于左心耳入口处6例,左心耳顶部6例,左心耳中部8例。无血栓组和血栓组患者左心耳壁各节段的收缩期峰值速度、舒张期峰值速度均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;血栓组患者左心耳壁各节段的收缩期峰值速度、舒张期峰值速度均显著低于无血栓组（P<0.05）。无血栓组和血栓组患者的左心耳最大容积（left atrial appendage maximum volume,LAAVmax）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,左房主动射血分数（left atrial active ejection fraction,LAAEF）、左心耳排空速度（left atrial appendage emptying velocity,LAA-EV）、左心耳血流平均排空速度（left atrial appendage average emptying flow velocity,LAA-AEV）、左心耳血流峰值充盈速度（left atrial appendage filling peak flow velocity,LAA-FV）均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;血栓组患者的LAAVmax显著高于无血栓组（P<0.05）,LAAEF、LAA-EV、LAA-AEV、LAA-FV均显著低于无血栓组（P<0.05）。与经食管超声心动图、组织速度成像单项诊断相比,联合诊断对左心耳血栓形成的敏感度、特异性、准确性均更高（P<0.05）。结论 经食管超声心动图联合组织速度成像可全面评估患者的左心房功能、左心耳功能,在预测左心耳血栓的形成中具有较高价值。     

应变率成像评价左室不同充盈模式患者左室心肌功能的临床研究

目的：运用超声心动图应变率成像（SRI）技术评估左室不同充盈模式患者左室心肌功能,探讨其临床应用价值。方法：左室正常充盈组21例为正常对照,左室非正常充盈模式患者62例,患者根据舒张期左室不同充盈模式按舒张功能受损程度逐级分为松弛性下降组、假性充盈正常组和限制性充盈组,行二维超声心动图、三维超声心动图和SRI检查,记录左室各壁收缩期应变率峰值（Systolic strain rate,SSR）,舒张早期应变率峰值（Early diastolic peak strain rate,ESR）,舒张晚期应变率峰值（Late diastolic peak strain rate,ASR）。结果：松弛性下降组ESR小于正常充盈组（P〈0．05）而大于假性充盈正常组和限制性充盈组（P〈0．05）;ASR在左室非正常充盈模式中,松弛性下降组和假性充盈正常组大于正常充盈组,在松弛性下降组与假性充盈正常组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,在正常充盈组、松弛性下降组、限制性充盈组间相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;SSR在正常充盈组与松弛性下降组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,正常充盈组、假性充盈正常组、限制性充盈组间相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,SSR在假性充盈正常组达最大值。结论：SRI能客观、定量评价左室不同充盈模式患者左室心肌功能的变化,为临床评价左室非正常充盈模式下左室心肌功能的损害程度提供定量指标。     

导管消融术对不同起源特发性频发室性期前收缩患者心房功能及BNP的影响

目的 通过对比不同起源部位特发性频发室性期前收缩患者行导管射频消融术(radio-frequeney catheter ablation,RFCA)术前及术后左、右心房的功能、结构及血浆脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)变化,探讨RFCA对心功能正常的不同起源部位室性期前收缩患者左、右心房的影响。 方法 收集河北医科大学第二医院住院且成功行RFCA患者62例,分为左心室来源组及右心室来源组。应用心脏超声二维斑点追踪技术观察RFCA术前及术后1 d、术后1、3、9个月的左心房前后径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、右心房射血分数(right atrial ejection fraction,RAEF)、左心房射血分数(left atrial ejection fraction,LAEF)等数据,并进行BNP检测,将相关数据进行组内及组间比较。 结果 两组患者术后除BNP外,各指标均较术前逐渐升高,其中术后左心房的应变(strain,S)、应变率右心室来源组明显高于左心室来源组,右心房的应变、应变率左心室来源组明显高于右心室来源组,但两组仅在不同时点间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,组间及组间·时点间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。左、右心室来源组术后BNP较术前逐渐降低。 结论 单纯室性期前收缩经RFCA治疗后右心室来源组左心房功能恢复较左心室来源组明显,左心室来源组右心房功能恢复较右心室来源组明显;室性期前收缩经RFCA有效治疗后可使其血浆BNP降低,在心脏超声检查心脏功能或结构改变不明显的情况下应用BNP来判断室性期前收缩患者病情严重程度和发展情况可能有一定意义。     

左室限制性充盈异常患者左房功能的研究

目的：探讨应变率成像技术（ SRI）评价左室限制性充盈异常患者左房功能的临床应用价值。方法将66例研究对象根据左室充盈模式分为正常充盈组和限制性充盈异常组,测量房间隔、左房前壁、下壁、侧壁、后壁收缩期应变率峰值（ SSR）,舒张早期应变率峰值（ ESR）,舒张晚期应变率峰值（ ASR）,计算两组的平均SSR、ESR、ASR并分析比较;根据Simpson法测量左房最大容积（LAVmax）、最小容积（LAVmin）、收缩前容积（LAVp）,计算左房射血分数（LAEF）、左房主动射血分数（LAAEF）、左房被动射血分数（LAPEF）,同时计算左房主动射血容积指数（LAAEVI）,左房被动射血容积指数（ LAPEVI）,分析计算结果。结果限制性充盈异常组应变率值均小于正常充盈组,两组ESR、ASR、SSR比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。限制性充盈异常组的左房功能均弱于正常充盈组,两组LAEF、LAAEF、LAPEF、LAAEVI 、LAPEVI比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。正常充盈组ASR、SSR与LAEF及异常组SSR与LAEF呈负相关,正常充盈组ESR与LAEF及异常组ASR、ESR与LAEF呈正相关。结论应变率成像技术可定量评估左室限制性充盈异常模式左房功能的改变,间接反映左室舒缩功能的改变。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.