中国玫瑰痤疮临床特征分析和诊断标准再探讨

【摘要】 目的 在分析玫瑰痤疮临床特征的基础上,提出中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准并验证其敏感性和特异性。方法 纳入2017年12月至2018年7月于中南大学湘雅医院皮肤科门诊初诊的3 350例玫瑰痤疮患者,分析患者表型及临床特征,提出改良版中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准。全国28个中心对该标准进行临床验证,纳入2 269例玫瑰痤疮和2 408例其他面部皮肤病患者,与2017版美国国家玫瑰痤疮专家委员会（NRSEC）制订的国际诊断标准比较,评估其敏感性和特异性。结果 3 350例玫瑰痤疮患者均存在面中部持续性红斑（100%）。在1 861例主要表现为面颊部红斑的患者中,1 850例（99.4%）在红斑之前或同时出现阵发性潮红;在1 489例主要表现为鼻或口周部红斑的患者中,仅52例（3.5%）发生阵发性潮红; 342例有肥大增生的患者均在肥大增生改变之前发生持续性红斑。基于以上临床特征提出,面颊部可周期性加重的伴有阵发性潮红的持续性红斑,可诊断为玫瑰痤疮;对于表现为鼻、口周部持续性红斑的患者,需合并至少1项选择性表型（阵发性潮红、毛细血管扩张、丘疹脓疱、肥大增生改变或眼部症状）才可诊断为玫瑰痤疮。全国多中心临床验证结果显示,改良版中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准敏感性为99.6%,接近国际标准100%,特异性为91.9%,而国际标准为73.3%。结论 改良版中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准具有良好的敏感性和特异性,也更有利于增生肥大型玫瑰痤疮的早期诊断。     

玫瑰痤疮光电疗法研究进展

玫瑰痤疮是好发于面中部的慢性炎症性疾病, 发病机制尚不明确, 目前药物治疗是一线疗法。近年来光电疗法通过选择性光热作用, 对玫瑰痤疮起到良好的治疗效果。本文旨在总结玫瑰痤疮光电疗法的最新进展。     

毛囊蠕形螨与玫瑰痤疮

玫瑰痤疮是一种以面中部持久性红斑伴或不伴有水肿、毛细血管扩张、面部潮红等为特征的一种慢性炎症性皮肤病.毛囊蠕形螨感染是玫瑰痤疮发病的重要因素之一.该文就毛囊蠕形螨感染与玫瑰痤疮发病相关性及毛囊蠕形螨感染的治疗进行了综述.     

A型肉毒毒素皮内注射治疗玫瑰痤疮持久性红斑及潮红专家共识

A型肉毒毒素是一种神经毒素, 广泛用于皮肤美容。有证据表明, 皮内注射A型肉毒毒素能改善玫瑰痤疮患者面部皮肤潮红及持续性红斑, 但对治疗浓度、剂量、操作方法、疗程、治疗间隔等均存在差异。中华医学会皮肤性病学分会玫瑰痤疮研究中心、中国医师协会皮肤科分会玫瑰痤疮专业组在玫瑰痤疮诊疗指南的基础上, 参考新近文献并结合诸多专家临床应用经验撰写本共识, 为A型肉毒毒素皮内注射治疗玫瑰痤疮提供更科学、规范的参考依据。     

4种微生物与玫瑰痤疮发病的关系

玫瑰痤疮是一种好发于面中部，主要累及面部血管及毛囊皮脂腺单位的的慢性复发性炎症性皮肤病。近年来关于皮肤及肠道微生物对玫瑰痤疮的影响争议较多，本文综述了与玫瑰痤疮发病相关的四种微生物：毛囊蠕形螨（DF）、表皮葡萄球菌（SE）、幽门螺杆菌（HP）、小肠细菌，并从皮肤免疫反应、屏障功能的角度阐述及分析了皮肤、肠道微生物对玫瑰痤疮的影响及致病机制。     

微生物在玫瑰痤疮中致病机制的研究进展

玫瑰痤疮是一种好发于面中部的慢性炎症性皮肤病,以面部阵发性潮红、持久性红斑、丘疹脓疱等为主要表现,其病因及发病机制尚不清楚.关于微生物在玫瑰痤疮中的致病作用存在争议.微生物一般通过破坏皮肤屏障、诱发炎症反应、分泌生物活性因子及毒素等方式介导玫瑰痤疮的发生.本文总结国内外近年关于微生物与玫瑰痤疮发病的相关研究,进一步揭示...     

精神及神经因素在玫瑰痤疮发病中的作用及机制研究进展

玫瑰痤疮是一种面中部常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,主要表现为“醉酒状”面容,自觉灼热、刺痛及干燥等,对患者的心理健康和生活质量造成一定的影响。而不良的精神及心理因素已证实参与玫瑰痤疮的发生和发展,二者互相影响,形成恶性循环。该文就玫瑰痤疮相关的精神及神经因素相关研究进行综述,以期为玫瑰痤疮精神神经因素的基础研究及临床治疗提供依据。     

玫瑰痤疮危险因素的研究进展

玫瑰痤疮是一种常见的累及面中部的慢性炎症性皮肤病,以红斑、潮红、毛细血管扩张、丘疹、脓疱及纤维化为主要临床特征,严重影响患者容貌和生活质量。本病病因及发病机制复杂,尚未完全阐明。此外,一些内外源性因素可作为玫瑰痤疮的危险因素,在疾病的发生发展中起着重要的作用;因此,正确认识和避免玫瑰痤疮的危险因素,能更好的预防及治疗疾病。本文就玫瑰痤疮危险因素的研究进展进行综述。     

玫瑰痤疮发病机制的研究进展

玫瑰痤疮是一组主要累及面中部的皮肤慢性炎症性疾病,其确切发病机制尚不明确,目前认为具有遗传背景的个体,在外界刺激因素下,神经血管功能失调、先天免疫及获得性免疫紊乱共同参与导致。该文就玫瑰痤疮发病机制研究进展作一综述。     

玫瑰痤疮与系统性疾病

<正>玫瑰痤疮是一种顽固性难治性皮肤病,在高加索人种发病率较高,而近年来国内发病率显著增高,它严重影响患者面部美观。该病治疗棘手,易反复发作,患者有明显皮肤屏障功能障碍,治疗不当可造成患者面中部永久性损容性改变~([1])。大样本队列研究显示:玫瑰痤疮还与很多系统性疾病关系密切。1神经系统疾病玫瑰痤疮具体发病机制一直有较多争议,基质     

Swiss S1 guideline for the treatment of rosacea

Rosacea (in German sometimes called ‘Kupferfinne’, in French ‘Couperose’ and in Italian ‘Copparosa’) is a chronic and frequently relapsing inflammatory skin disease primarily affecting the central areas of the face. Its geographic prevalence varies from 1% to 22%. The differential diagnosis is wide, and the treatment is sometimes difficult and varies by stage of rosacea. For erythematous lesions and telangiectasia, intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy and lasers are popular treatment option. In addition, a vasoconstrictor agent, brimonidine, has recently been developed. For papulopustular rosacea, topical antibiotics, topical and systemic retinoids, as well as systemic antibiotics are used. A topical acaricidal agent, ivermectin, has undergone clinical development and is now on the market. In the later stages, hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands develops, resulting in phymatous growths such as the frequently observed bulbous nose or rhinophyma. Ablative laser treatments have largely replaced classical abrasive tools. Here, we reviewed the current evidence on the treatment of rosacea, provide a guideline (S1 level) and discuss the differential diagnosis of rosacea.     

Rosacea in the pediatric population

Rosacea is a condition of vasomotor instability characterized by facial erythema most notable in the central convex areas of the face, including the forehead, cheek, nose, and perioral and periocular skin. Rosacea tends to begin in childhood as common facial flushing, often in response to stress. A diagnosis beyond this initial stage of rosacea is unusual in the pediatric population. If a child is identified with the intermediate stage of rosacea, consisting of papules and pustules, an eye examination should be performed to rule out ocular manifestations. It may be beneficial to recognize children in the early stage of rosacea; however, it is uncertain if prophylactic treatment is necessary.     

Granulomatous rosacea: unusual presentation as solitary plaque

A 45-year-old male presented with a 6 month history of an enlarging smooth, erythematous plaque over the central part of his face. Mild erythema of both eyes was present. Sarcoidosis, Hansen disease, lupus vulgaris, cutaneous leishmaniasis, pseudolymphoma, foreign body granuloma, granuloma faciale, discoid lupus erythematosus, and granulomatous rosacea were considered in the differential diagnosis. CBC, urinalysis, renal function tests, liver function tests, serum electrolytes, and blood sugar were all normal. Chest X-ray and ECG revealed no abnormality. Serology for syphilis and HIV, and mantoux test were negative. Slit-skin smear, tissue smear and culture for AFB and fungi were negative. Skin biopsy revealed multiple non-caseating epitheloid granulomas around the pilosebaceous unit suggestive of granulomatous rosacea. Granulomatous rosacea, a rare entity comprising only about 10 percent of cases of rosacea can mimic many granulomatous conditions both clinically and histologically making the diagnosis an enigma. It usually presents as yellowish brown-red discrete papules on the face; non-caseating epithelioid granulomas are seen on histology examination. We herein report the case because it presented in atypical fashion, as a solitary indurated plaque on the nose, likely representing Morbihan's disease or solid persistent facial edema of rosacea (rosacea lymphedema).     

The red face: art, history and medical representations

For millennia, a red face has been a handicap in social relations, mainly because of the associated bias against alcoholics. The color red is also the color of emotion, betrayal of the person who blushes. Since the color red is one of the main characteristics of rosacea, it contributes to the bad reputation this disorder has, which is therefore the subject of a pressing therapeutic demand, principally in women. Nineteenth-century French novelists such as Balzac and later Proust, admirably described blotchy, red, or sanguine faces, which always announced a difficult, violent temperament, or was simply the mark of the laboring class. The color red remains ambivalent today, on the one hand denoting blood and life and on the other suffering, shame, and death. The history of dermatology shows that the semiology of rosacea was very well described in the earliest reports, notably those written in the Middle Ages. The term "acne rosacea" appeared in Bateman's writings, who made it a clinical form of acne. This confusion lasted throughout the nineteenth century. It was not until Hebra in Austria and Darier in France that the differential diagnosis was clearly made between acne and rosacea. A "couperosis" previously referred to the entire range of the disease, particularly the papules and pustules, and it was not until the twentieth century that the current meaning of rosacea progressively gained ground: this term today designates facial telangiectasia, whether or not it is associated with a characteristic redness. Rosacea is a conspicuous disease, since the lesions involve the central portion of the face.Among the many manifestations of rosacea, redness is the most characteristic [1].     

Women commonly seek care for rosacea: dermatologists frequently provide the care

Rosacea is a common dermatosis affecting the central portion of the face. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographics of patients and the treatments prescribed. Data on rosacea visits from 1990 to 1997 were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey There were 1.1 million outpatient visits for rosacea annually in the United States. Most rosacea patients were Caucasian (96%). Most visits were by women (69%), and the mean age (SD) of patients was 50 +/- 17 years. Visits to dermatologists accounted for 78% of visits. Common comorbid diagnoses included actinic keratoses, acne and cysts, and seborrheic and contact dermatitis. Topical metronidazole was the most commonly prescribed treatment; tetracycline was the most commonly prescribed systemic therapy. Combination treatment with an oral and a topical agent was commonly used. Because rosacea appears most often in fair-skinned women, these patients may benefit from the textural features and safety profiles of certain topical metronidazole preparations newly available and from oral antibiotics (eg, tetracycline). People with rosacea should be aware of the experience that dermatologists have in treating this disorder.     

Rosacea with extensive extrafacial lesions

Rosacea is a very common skin disorder in the clinical practice that primarily affects the convex areas of the face. Extrafacial rosacea lesions have occasionally been described, but extensive involvement is exceptional. In the absence of its typical clinical or histological features, the diagnosis of extrafacial rosacea may be problematic. We describe an unusual case of rosacea with very exuberant extrafacial lesions, when compared with the limited involvement of the face.     

玫瑰痤疮药物治疗进展

玫瑰痤疮是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,根据临床表现不同可分为红斑毛细血管扩张型、丘疹脓疱型、肥大型和眼型.美国国家玫瑰痤疮协会的诊疗指南认为,玫瑰痤疮应按照不同亚型给予相应的治疗.治疗方法包括一般护理、药物、激光、手术等.目前针对红斑毛细血管扩张型的α肾上腺素能受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂、肉毒素A及针对丘疹脓疱型的亚抗生素剂量多西环素、伊维菌素等的出现,为治疗玫瑰痤疮提供了可能.由于酒石酸溴莫尼定、亚抗生素剂量多西环素、伊维菌素的使用时间较短,其安全性及功效性尚需更多的临床研究证据.     

酒渣鼻局部药物治疗进展

酒渣鼻是发生在中年人鼻部及面部的一种慢性炎症性皮肤病。可能是由于各种因素引起患部神经失调、毛细血管长期扩张所致。酒渣鼻治疗是一个长期的过程,由于系统给药会出现许多不良反应,而且,有研究表明,系统给药与外用药物治疗具有相同的疗效。因此,临床上多选用局部药物治疗。