肾移植术后伤口淋巴漏和淋巴囊肿分析

目的：探讨尸肾移植术后发生伤口淋巴漏和髂窝淋巴囊肿的原因及其防治方法。方法：统计489例尸肾移植患者，对其中发生术后长时间伤口淋巴漏或症状性髂窝淋巴囊肿的患者进行回顾性分析。结果：尸肾移植术后发生长时间伤口淋巴漏8例，症状性髂窝淋巴囊肿7例。治疗方法包括体外引流、硬化剂治疗及腹腔内引流术等。结论：肾移植手术应防止操作粗暴，以减少受者淋巴管的损伤和移植肾淋巴液漏出；对术后长时间伤口淋巴漏和出现症状的髂窝淋巴囊肿，应给予积极处理。     

腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的危险因素和治疗策略分析

目的探讨腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术后淋巴漏的危险因素和治疗策略。方法本研究共纳入56例在我院行腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术的阴茎癌患者。清扫手术的范围以腹股沟韧带上2cm为上界,缝匠肌内侧缘为外侧界,长收肌外侧缘为内侧界,股三角尖端为下界,清除该范围内的淋巴脂肪组织。淋巴漏在本研究中的定义:自术后第3天起,引流管引流>100ml的淡黄色液体,连续2d。采用Logistic多因素回归分析找出淋巴漏的独立危险因素。结果 56例阴茎癌患者的中位年龄为51岁,腹股沟清扫区平均每天引流量为63.65ml,而淋巴漏的发生率为36.0%(40/111),同时多因素分析结果显示,体重指数是淋巴漏的独立危险因素,OR值为1.03。经过适当处理后,出现淋巴漏的腹股沟伤口区的置管时间均<4周。结论腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的发生率较高,但术中对淋巴组织残端进行充分结扎,同时术后给予适当的治疗能减少淋巴漏的发生。     

胃癌淋巴结清扫术所致淋巴漏的防治

目的探讨胃癌淋巴结清扫术所致淋巴漏的防治。方法回顾性分析1997年1月-2004年3月间在我院行不同范围淋巴结清扫术胃癌患者743例的临床资料。结果行D3、D4术者淋巴漏的发生率（6．2％）远高于行D2术者（2．8％）（P〈0．05）。各组中用电刀烧灼者淋巴漏发生率均高于用丝线结扎者，分别为4．2％比1．6％、8、8％比3．0％。术后用奥曲肽治疗可缩短引流时间、减少引流量。结论行胃癌淋巴结清扫时，术中切断淋巴管网是发生淋巴漏的主要原因；避免随意扩大清扫范围和术中用丝线结扎淋巴管网可预防淋巴漏；奥曲肽是治疗淋巴漏的有效方法之一。     

分化型甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏治疗体会

<正>分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术中行颈淋巴结清扫可降低肿瘤的复发率和病死率,但术后可能发生淋巴漏[1-2]。本研究总结笔者医院2008-2014年行甲状腺全切除+颈淋巴结清扫术病例,对术后淋巴漏发生及治疗情况进行分析。现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料共纳入行甲状腺全切除+颈淋巴结清扫术病人234例,其中男性82例,女性152例,年龄46.8(16~79)岁。淋巴漏的发生界定为术后第2天引流量明显术后     

专利蓝示踪预防腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的体会

腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后的常见并发症之一是淋巴漏。淋巴漏导致皮下积液,因而影响伤口的愈合甚至导致伤口感染。在临床上尽管采用了许多方法,比如加压包扎、加强引流等方法,其效果仍不甚明显。我们受文献[1]介绍的前哨淋巴结活检方法的启示,对8例行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的病人,在清     

颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏

颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏是颈部外科手术后比较少见的并发症,国内、外文献[1-7]报道其发生率约为1%～3%,其原因很明确,即术中损伤胸导管或其分支.颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏对生命有潜在威胁,且显著延长患者住院时间、增加医疗费用.尽管手术方法及手术器械不断改进,其发生率并没有明显降低,对于部分难治性乳糜漏目前还没有简单有效的办法.现就颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏的预防及治疗方法介绍如下.     

颈部淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的观察和护理

目的探讨颈部淋巴结清扫术后并发淋巴漏的观察和有效的护理措施。方法对18例颈淋巴结清扫术后并发淋巴漏患者的治疗和护理措施进行总结。结果 653例行颈淋巴结清扫患者发生淋巴漏18例,占2.75%,经术后严密观察切口引流情况,采取持续恒定的负压吸引、控制饮食、补充营养、应用奥曲肽等有效的医疗护理措施,18例淋巴漏均顺利愈合,无感染发生。结论有针对性的护理有助于颈淋巴结清扫术后并发淋巴漏患者的康复。     

颈部淋巴清扫术后严重淋巴漏的非手术治疗体会

目的 探讨非手术综合治疗措施在甲状腺癌颈部清扫术后严重淋巴漏防治中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析两例颈部淋巴结清扫术后严重淋巴漏患者的临床资料和治疗过程,结合国内外文献对严重颈部淋巴漏的防治方法进行探讨。结果 通过饮食控制、营养支持、局部加压包扎、负压引流、生长抑素、以及高浓度复方泛影葡胺注射液局部注射等非手术治疗综合措施,可促进颈部淋巴结清扫术后严重淋巴漏患者的愈合。结论 饮食控制、营养支持、局部加压包扎、负压引流、生长抑素、以及高浓度复方泛影葡胺注射液局部注射等非手术治疗综合措施,在甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫术后严重淋巴漏的防治中是安全有效的,可作为首选。     

颈部淋巴清扫术后严重淋巴漏的非手术治疗体会

目的 探讨非手术综合治疗措施在甲状腺癌颈部清扫术后严重淋巴漏防治中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析两例颈部淋巴结清扫术后严重淋巴漏患者的临床资料和治疗过程，结合国内外文献对严重颈部淋巴漏的防治方法进行探讨。结果 通过饮食控制、营养支持、局部加压包扎、负压引流、生长抑素、以及高浓度复方泛影葡胺注射液局部注射等非手术治疗综合措施，可促进颈部淋巴结清扫术后严重淋巴漏患者的愈合。结论 饮食控制、营养支持、局部加压包扎、负压引流、生长抑素、以及高浓度复方泛影葡胺注射液局部注射等非手术治疗综合措施，在甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫术后严重淋巴漏的防治中是安全有效的，可作为首选。     

胃癌淋巴结清除术所致淋巴漏的防治

目的总结胃癌淋巴结清除术所致淋巴漏的防治经验.方法报告4例胃癌术后或术中发现的胃癌手术所致淋巴漏的诊治经过.结果2例胃癌术后淋巴漏经保守治疗治愈,2例术中发现淋巴漏经缝扎处理避免了术后淋巴漏的发生.结论全胃肠外营养(TPN)是胃癌术后淋巴漏的有效治疗方法,了解腹膜后淋巴系统的引流与分布规律是预防的关键.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术侧方淋巴结清扫术

对腹膜反折以下cT3或N＋的直肠癌行侧方淋巴结清扫术可减少局部复发率及提高生存率。该术式采用五孔法完成,按日本学组提出的三间隙原则进行清扫：①分离保护输尿管及下腹神经,清扫下腹神经丛及下腹神经与髂总动脉、髂内动脉之间的第二间隙淋巴结;②清扫髂内外动脉间及闭孔内的第三间隙淋巴脂肪组织;③切除髂内血管及盆丛神经。应视肿瘤部位、浸润深度以及侧方淋巴结肿大情况,选择性行单或双侧清扫。腹腔镜下完成侧方淋巴结清扫具有视野好、狭小间隙操作方便、出血少等优势,是一种安全可行的手术方式。     

胃癌根治术血管鞘内、外淋巴结清扫临床结果比较分析

目的 比较血管鞘内、外淋巴结清扫对胃癌患者临床结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析1994年6月至2005年4月外科治疗的759例胃癌患者的临床资料,其中根治性切除627例,并分别采取血管鞘内淋巴结清扫(VLND组,215例)和血管鞘外淋巴结清扫(NVLND组,412例).分析比较两组不同的淋巴结清扫方法的手术时间、术中失血量、外科并发症等资料,并比较分析两组术后生存率差异.结果 根治性切除手术后5年和10年生存率比较:VLND组分别为55.4%和51.2%,NVLND组分别为39.1%和36.8%,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).VLND组中N0～N2、T2～T4、Ib～Ⅳ期胃癌患者术后5、10年累积生存率均显著高于NVLND组.而术中输血量、手术时间、手术并发症、术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义.结论 对于进展期胃癌患者,血管鞘内淋巴结清扫可提高术后生存率,不增加手术时间和术后并发症,是安全的淋巴结清扫技术.     

Extent of pelvic lymph node dissection and the impact of standard template dissection on nomogram prediction of lymph node involvement

Background

Our current lymph node involvement (LNI) nomogram was created using patients receiving both limited and standard lymph node dissection (LND). Over time, refinements in technique could affect the diagnostic yield from LND.

Objective

Our aim was to validate our existing LNI nomogram or develop a new nomogram with updated prediction coefficients that reflect the current standard LND template during radical prostatectomy (RP). We hypothesized that the existing nomogram would demonstrate good discrimination but poor calibration in a contemporary series of standard LND.

Design, setting, and participants

A retrospective analysis of 4176 consecutive primary RP patients was performed, including open procedures (3097 patients from 2000 to 2008) and laparoscopic procedures (1079 patients from 2005 to 2008). After excluding 127 patients (3%) with limited LND, 10 (0.2%) with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >50 ng/ml, and 318 (8%) with incomplete data, the final cohort totaled 3721 patients. The nomograms were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, calibration plots, and decision-curve analysis.

Interventions

Patients received open or laparoscopic (conventional and robot-assisted) RP and standard LND in our center.

Measurements

Assessments were obtained using preoperative PSA, biopsy Gleason score, and clinical stage.

Results and limitations

The median number of nodes removed was 11, with ∼60% of patients having at least 10 nodes removed (n = 2224). Overall, 5.2% of patients (n = 194) had positive lymph nodes. The new nomogram had very high discriminative accuracy (area under the curve: 0.862). The decision-curve analysis showed that the new nomogram had the highest clinical net benefit for all reasonable threshold probabilities.

Conclusions

The new nomogram shows improved calibration when predicting lymph node invasion in a contemporary cohort of patients with prostate cancer exclusively treated with RP and standard LND. This nomogram will be used as the preferred predictive model for counseling patients and developing studies at our institution.     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫的个性化治疗策略

随着全直肠系膜切除术和新辅助放化疗的广泛应用,中低位直肠癌患者的预后明显改善。近年来随着腹腔镜和机器人手术系统等微创技术应用于直肠癌根治性手术,以及肿瘤分子标志物和基因测序技术的发展,直肠癌治疗已进入个体化精准医疗时代。在这样的时代背景下,关于中低位直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫必要性的争议愈发引人注目,其包括与新辅助治疗的关系,侧方淋巴结清扫的手术指征、范围及神经保护等多个方面。作为进展期中低位直肠癌重要治疗手段,直面争议,增加侧方淋巴结清扫相关循证医学证据是当务之急。     

Differences in rates of pelvic lymph node dissection in National Comprehensive Cancer Network favorable,unfavorable intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer across United States SEER registries

BackgroundThe National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in NCCN high- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients. We tested for PLND nonadherence (no-PLND) rates within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (2010–2015).Materials and methodsWe identified all radical prostatectomy patients who fulfilled the NCCN PLND guideline criteria (n = 23,495). Nonadherence rates to PLND were tabulated and further stratified according to NCCN risk subgroups, race/ethnicity, geographic distribution, and year of diagnosis.ResultsOverall, the no-PLND rate was 26%; it was 41%, 25%, and 11% in the NCCN intermediate favorable, intermediate unfavorable, and high-risk prostate cancer patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Over time, the no-PLND rates declined in the overall cohort and within each NCCN risk subgroup. Georgia exhibited the highest no-PLND rate (49%), whereas New Jersey exhibited the lowest (15%). Finally, no-PLND race/ethnicity differences were recorded only in the NCCN intermediate unfavorable subgroup, where Asians exhibited the lowest no-PLND rate (20%) versus African Americans (27%) versus Whites (26%) versus Hispanic-Latinos (25%).ConclusionsThe lowest no-PLND rates were recorded in the NCCN high-risk patients followed by NCCN intermediate unfavorable and favorable risk in that order. Our findings suggest that unexpectedly elevated differences in no-PLND rates warrant further examination. In all the NCCN risk subgroups, the no-PLND rates decreased over time.     

Percentage of positive biopsy cores can improve the ability to predict lymph node invasion in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the information stemming from biopsy cores can enhance the ability to predict the rate of lymph node invasion (LNI) at radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) in men subjected to extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (ePLND). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 278 consecutive patients (mean age: 66.2 yr) underwent a RRP and an ePLND, in which 10 or more nodes were removed and examined. The median PSA was 7.5 ng/ml. Clinical stage was mostly T1c (59.4%) and T2 (37.8%). Biopsy Gleason sum was 2-5 in 26.6%, 6 in 39.2%, 7 in 27%, and 8-10 in 7.2%. The number of positive cores was 1-19 (median: 4), whilst percentage of positive cores was 7.1-100% (median: 37.5%). Logistic regression models tested the association between the above predictors and LNI. Testing of PSA was coded as either a continuous variable (CV) or a cubic spline (CS). Individual variables and combined accuracy were tested in regression-based nomograms, which were subjected to 10,000 bootstrap resamples to reduce overfit bias. RESULTS: Mean number of lymph nodes examined was 17.5 (range: 10-38); 29 patients (10.4%) had LNI. Percentage of positive cores (78.5%) and biopsy Gleason sum (78.4%) were the most informative predictors of LNI. A nomogram based on clinical stage, PSA (CV), and biopsy Gleason sum was 79.7% accurate versus 83% (3.3% gain, p<0.001) when percentage of positive cores was added. A 2.7% gain (83.7% vs. 81%; p<0.001) was recorded after the addition of the percentage of positive cores when PSA was coded as a CS. CONCLUSIONS: Percentage of positive biopsy cores should be considered in prediction of LNI at ePLND, because it significantly improves the combined accuracy of established clinical predictors such as PSA, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum.     

腹腔镜腹膜后淋巴结清除术9例

目的　探讨采用腹腔镜技术行腹膜后淋巴结清除术治疗I期非精原细胞瘤的方法和效果。　方法　 2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 5月 ,对 9例临床诊断为I期非精原细胞瘤的患者行腹腔镜腹膜后淋巴结清除术。　结果　手术均成功 ,平均手术时间 2 60min ,无患者需要输血 ,无严重并发症发生 ,术后平均住院时间 5 5d,术后平均随访 9个月无肿瘤复发。　结论　腹腔镜腹膜后淋巴结清除术非常适宜于治疗I期非精原细胞瘤 ,手术安全、创伤小、效果良好     

腹腔淋巴结清扫范围对肝内胆管细胞癌患者根治性切除术预后的影响

目的探讨影响肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者根治性切除术后预后相关因素及腹腔淋巴结清扫范围对ICC患者术后预后的价值。方法回顾性分析从2013年10月至2017年10月在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院肝胆胰外科行根治性切除术的ICC患者临床资料,根据腹腔淋巴结清扫范围将患者分为未清扫组、常规清扫组和扩大清扫组,比较三组患者预后情况并釆用Cox逐步回归模型分析ICC患者预后的独立危险因素。结果共纳入178例患者,其中男性109例,女性69例,年龄30-81岁,平均59岁。根据腹腔淋巴结清扫范围,未清扫组纳入80例、常规清扫组纳入34例、扩大清扫组纳入64例。178例患者肝切除术后3年累积生存率为29.2%(52/178),总体中位生存时间25.8个月。未清扫组、常规清扫组、扩大清扫组的3年累积生存率分别为10.0%(8/80)、52.9%(18/34)、40.6%(26/64),三组整体生存率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组间两两比较结果显示:常规清扫组与扩大清扫组生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);未清扫组与常规清扫组、未清扫组与扩大清扫组生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示术前糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、肿瘤最大径、门静脉癌栓、腹腔淋巴结清扫范围与ICC患者预后有关(P<0.05);多因素分析显示术前CA19-9、肿瘤最大径、腹腔淋巴结清扫范围与患者生存有关(P<0.05)。结论CA19-9,肿瘤最大径、腹腔淋巴结清扫范围是ICC患者术后生存的独立危险因素。对于可行手术切除术的ICC患者,行腹腔淋巴结常规清扫术即可达到较好的预后效果,无需扩大腹腔淋巴结清扫范围。     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫与预后关系的META分析

目的探讨直肠癌根治术后进行侧方淋巴结清扫对患者局部复发率、5年生存率的影响，从而为临床直肠癌根治性手术中是否应常规进行淋巴结清扫提供依据。方法利用META分析的方法综合国内外1994至2006年关于直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫与患者预后关系的文献。结果符合要求纳入分析的文献共8篇，累计病例2669例，其中行侧方淋巴结清扫1324例。直肠癌根治术后行侧方淋巴结清扫患者与未行侧方淋巴结清扫的局部复发率比较，其合并ORs值分别为0．52（95％CI=0．39～0．68，P〈0．01）；患者5年生存率合并ORs值分别为1．99（95％CI=1．78～2．12，P〈0．01）。结论直肠癌根治术后进行侧方淋巴结清扫可降低患者局部复发率，提高5年生存率。