移行区指数作为良性前列腺增生的有效预测指标

1998年4月～2001年6月，我们对一组良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者进行前列腺体积(TPV)及移行区体积(TZV)测量，并计算移行区指数(TZI)，旨在探讨其与BPH致下尿路症状(LUTS)的关系。     

前列腺移行区体积和移行区指数在诊断良性前列腺增生中的作用

目的 :评价前列腺移行区体积 (TZV)和移行区指数 (TZI)在诊断良性前列腺增生 (BPH)中的作用。方法 :采用经直肠超声测量 2 62例患者的前列腺体积 (TPV)和TZV ,其中A组 2 2 0例为有症状 ,未出现过尿潴留的BPH患者 ,B组 19例为反复出现尿潴留的BPH患者 ,对照组 2 3例为非BPH患者 ,并推算TZI(TZI =TZV/TPV)。以上患者同时接受了国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、生活质量评分 (QOL)、最大尿流率 (Qmax)检查。所得数据进行统计学处理。结果 :A组、B组和对照组之间的TPV、TZV、TZI、IPSS、QOL、Qmax比较差异均有显著性意义 ,年龄与TPV和TZV有非常显著相关性 (分别r =0 .2 4,P <0 .0 1;r =0 .2 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,与Qmax有非常显著负相关性 (r =- 0 .2 7,P <0 .0 1) ,与IPSS有显著相关性 (r =0 .15 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与QOL无相关性 (r =0 .11,P >0 .0 5 )。TPV与IPSS、QOL、Qmax有显著相关性 (r =0 .2 6,r =0 .2 0 ,r =- 0 .2 9,P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,而TZV和TZI与IPSS ,QOL ,Qmax均有非常显著相关性 (分别r =0 .40 ,r =0 .3 2 ,r =- 0 .43 ,P均 <0 .0 1;r =0 .5 1,r =0 .41,r =- 0 .5 2 ,均P <0 .0 1)。结论 :BPH患者随着年龄的增加 ,TPV、TZV、IPSS、QOL增加 ,Qmax减小。发生尿潴留的BPH患者 ,其TPV、TZV和TZI大于没有出现过     

B超测定BPH体积参数评价膀胱出口梗阻的意义

目的 :探讨经直肠超声 (TRUS)测定良性前列腺增生 (BPH)各项体积参数对诊断膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)的意义。　方法 :BPH病人 116例 ,年龄 5 9～ 75 (6 8.6± 5 .1)岁。应用TRUS测定前列腺各径数值 ,应用公式V =0 .5 2R1R2 R3 计算出前列腺体积各项参数 ,同时行尿动力学检查 ,并计算AG值。将前列腺体积 (PV)、移行带体积 (TZV)、移行带指数(TZI)与病人年龄、国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)及AG值进行相关性分析。　结果 :PV、TZV及TZI分别为 (6 9.7± 4 5 .9)ml、(43.5± 2 5 .6 )ml和 0 .5 7± 0 .14。最大尿流率 (Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力 (Pdet.Qmax)及AG值分别为 (8.31± 5 .12 )ml/s、(82 .34± 33.4 7)cmH2 O和 6 6 .72± 30 .4 6。IPSS为 2 5 .3± 4 .7,PSA为 (4.12±3.6 4 )ng/ml。相关分析提示TZI(r=0 .74 2 ,P =0 .0 17)、TZV(r =0 .6 74 ,P =0 .0 31)与AG值有显著的相关性。IPSS与TZI、TZV呈正相关 ,PSA浓度与PV、TZV、TZI呈正相关。　结论 :通过TRUS测定BPH的各项体积参数和尿动力学检查一样 ,能够作为判断BOO的参考指标     

良性前列腺增生患者前列腺体积参数与膀胱出口梗阻的相关性研究

目的探讨前列腺体积参数对良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者膀胱出口梗阻（B00）及其程度的诊断价值。方法对BPH患者行自由尿流率检查、压力-流率测定和经直肠前列腺B超检查，测量最大尿流率、Shaefer梗阻级别、AG数、前列腺体积（PV）、移行带体积（TZV）和移行带指数（TZI）。结果共有62例BPH患者入选。PV、TZV、TZI与Qmax的相关系数分别为-0．105、-0．173和-0．258。P值均〉0．05。PV、TZV和TZI与Sharer梗阻级别的相关系数分别为0．277、0．315和0．200。P值均〈0．05。PV、TZV和TZI与AG数的相关系数分别为0．263、0．277和0．282，P值均〈0．05；当40〈PV≤60ml时。PV与AG数呈正相关（r=0．263，P〈0．05）；TZI：0．3是BOO的一个分界点。TZI〉0．3者的AG数明显大于PV≤0．3者（P〈0．05）。结论前列腺体积参数可以预测BPH患者B00及其程度。     

良性前列腺增生症发生急性尿潴留的相关因素分析

目的:应用临床常用指标,探讨BPH发生急性尿潴留(AUR)的相关因素。方法:回顾分析538例BPH患者相关资料。分为曾发生AUR(A组)260例,从未发生AUR(B组)278例。分别比较两组间在年龄(AGE)、前列腺总体积(PV)、前列腺移行区体积(TZV)、移行区指数(TZI)和前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原(F-PSA)、游离与总前列腺特异抗原比值(F/T-PSA)等指标上的差异性。结果:A组平均PV、TZV和PSA值皆明显高于B组,上述3个指标在两两组间差异有统计学意义,且PSA与PV、TZV均有正相关性。结论:PV、TZV及PSA可作为预测BPH发生AUR的良好指标。     

良性前列腺增生症急性尿潴留的临床预测

目的 应用临床常用指标，预测良性前列腺增生(BPH)发生急性尿潴留(AUR)的几率。方法 回顾78名BPH患者病史，分为曾发生AUR(A组)28例，从未发生AUR(B组)50例。分别比较两组间在前列腺总体积(PV)、前列腺移行区体积(TZV)、移行区指数(TZI)和前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原(F-PSA)、游离与总前列腺特异抗原比值(F/T-PSA)等指标上的差异性，寻找其中能用于预测AUR的临床指标。应用ROC曲线即受试者工作特性曲线，确定相关指标预测AUR的分界值。结果 A组平均PV、TZV和PSA值皆明显高于B组，上述3个指标在A、B两组间存在显著性差异。而A、B两组在年龄、TZI、F-PSA、F/T-PSA上都无显著性差异。在预测AUR方面PSA可能比前列腺体积指标更具临床价值。结论 可通过PV、TZV及PSA来预测BPH中AUR的发生。根据不同临床需要确定预测AUR的临界值，有利于及早对BPH高危人群进行监控和治疗干 预。     

良性前列腺增生膀胱出口梗阻的评估

目的探讨前列腺体积参数对良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）及其程度的诊断价值。方法随机选择住院的BPH患者,行自由尿流率检查、压力-流率测定和经直肠前列腺B超检查,测量前列腺体积（PV）、移行带体积（TZV）,并计算移行带指数（TZI）。结果共有62例BPH患者符合入选标准。PV、TZV和TZI与Shfer梗阻级别的相关系数分别为0.277、0.315和0.200,P均〈0.05。PV、TZV和TZI与AG数的相关系数分别为0.263、0.277和0.282,p〈0.05;当400.3者的AG数明显高于PV≤0.3者（p=0.025）。结论前列腺体积参数可以预测BPH患者BOO及其程度。     

经直肠B超测量前列腺体积与TURP手术的相关性研究

目的 :探讨良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者前列腺总体积 (PV)及移行区体积 (TZV)与TURP手术时间、术中失血量、切除前列腺组织重量间的相互关系。方法 :采用经直肠超声 (TRUS)测定 88例BPH患者PV及TZV ,并分别与手术指标及切除标本进行相关回归分析。结果 :TZV与手术时间 ( r=0 .874,P <0 .0 1)、术中失血量 (r =0 .915 ,P <0 .0 1)、切除组织重量 (r =0 .966,P <0 .0 1,误差 =9.9% )均显著相关 ,PV与切除组织重量也有显著相关 ,但误差达 5 5 .9%。TZV≥ 3 0ml者较TZV <3 0ml者手术时间明显延长、术中失血量增加、TURS先兆发生率增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :TRUS可准确估计PV及TZV ;术前测定TZV对BPH的诊治有重要参考价值     

血清PSA、游离PSA与良性前列腺增生临床的相关性研究

目的分析血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)临床的相关性。方法应用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法(CMIA)对BPH患者血清PSA、fPSA进行检测。结果入选的40例患者病理均为BPH。PSA>4ng/ml者,术后随访1～3个月,平均2.5个月,PSA值均降至0.02ng/ml以下,可除外前列腺癌(PCa)病例。PSA<4ng/ml者16例(40%),4～10ng/ml者14例(35%),>10ng/ml者10例(25%);fPSA>0.934ng/ml者22例(55%)。血清PSA、fPSA水平与前列腺总体积(PV)、前列腺移行区体积(TZV)、年龄及国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)呈正相关。结论本组血清fPSA与PV、TZV、年龄、IPSS评分有更强相关性。BPH患者血清PSA、fPSA水平升高的相关因素与前列腺总体积及移行区增大、高龄及高IPSS评分有关。     

前列腺移行区体积与年龄及性激素的相关性研究

目的:探讨前列腺总体积(TV)和移行区体积(TZV)与年龄和性激素之间的关系。　方法:82例男性分为 两组,A组31例,年龄≤59岁,B组51例,年龄≥60岁,采用经直肠前列腺超声测定前列腺TV、TZV,采用放射免疫 法测定血清中总睾酮(T)、游离睾酮(fT)、雌二醇(E2)浓度。应用指数回归分析法和单因素方差分析法(ANOVA) 进行统计学分析。　结果:年龄与前列腺TV、TZV,TZV/TV比值差异有显著性(P<0.01);fT浓度与TZV呈显著 正相关性,E2浓度与TZV呈负相关性(P均<0.01),而T的浓度变化与TZV大小无明显的相关性(P>0.05)。　 结论:TZV在60岁后有明显加速增长趋势,与血清中性激素浓度有关。     

Correlation between the total volume,transitional zone volume of the prostate,transitional prostate zone index and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Objectives Currently available studies show controversial data between the symptoms of the lower urinary tract and the volume of the prostate gland. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the score of the lower urinary tract symptoms assessed according to the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and the total (TV) and transitional (TZV) zone volume of the prostate and transitional prostate zone index (TZI). Materials and methods From 223 men with a mean age of 59.3 years (varying from 50 to 75), the scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, measured by the IPSS and TV and TZV, determined by transrectal ultrasonographies, were obtained. Furthermore, the TZI was determined in all cases by the TZV to TV rate of the prostate. The relationship between TV, TZV, and TZI and the data obtained using the symptoms score was statistically determined. Results The TV of the prostate were 25.5 ± 10.3, 25.0 ± 9.3, and 28.9 ± 13.5 g in individuals with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively (P = 0.15). Similarly, there was no significant difference when the TZV (7.6 ± 6.3, 7.6 ± 5.8, and 9.6 ± 6.8 g, respectively; P = 0.22) and the TZI (0.26 ± 0.1, 0.27 ± 0.1, and 0.30 ± 0.1, respectively; P = 0.33) were compared in the groups of men with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of urinary difficulty. However, the quality of life (QoL) scores presented progressively worse values (1.7 ± 1.3, 3.1 ± 1.4, and 4.4 ± 1.2) as the severity of the lower urinary tract symptoms became worse (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the TV (r = 0.15; P = 0.02), TZV (r = 0.16; P = 0.02), and the TZI (r = 0.14; P = 0.03) with the prostate symptom scores showed low values although they were positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation was observed when the QoL related to urinary symptoms and symptom scores (r = 0.61; P < 0.001) was analyzed. Conclusions A low correlation was found between the score lower urinary tract symptoms assessed by IPSS and the different volumes of the prostate gland (TV, TZV) and prostate TZI, and, on the other hand, an inverse correlation between the intensity of urinary symptoms and QoL, supporting the idea of multifactorial aspects related to the genesis of urinary symptoms in men.     

Significant intravesical prostatic protrusion and prostatic calcification predict unfavorable outcomes of medical treatment for male lower urinary tract symptoms

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and prostatic calcification on medical treatment for male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Materials and methodsMen over the age of 40 years with total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥ 8 were recruited from January to August 2013. The maximal flow rate, postvoiding residual (PVR) urine volume, total prostate volume (TPV), transitional zone volume (TZV), transitional zone index (TZI), and grades of IPP and prostate calcification were recorded. All patients received α-blocker monotherapy, and Global Response Assessment (GRA) was used to determine treatment response 1 month after the treatment. The primary end point was to compare the treatment results in patients with and without significant IPP or prostate calcification. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether IPP and prostatic calcification are predictors of improved outcome (GRA ≥ 1).ResultsWe enrolled 112 men with a mean age of 65.5 (range, 42–89) years. IPP was significantly positively correlated with TPV, TZV, TZI, and PVR. Prostatic calcification was significantly negatively correlated with total IPSS, IPSS Voiding, and IPSS Storage. After 1-month treatment with α-blockers, the average total IPSS decreased from 18.2 ± 7.4 to 13.1 ± 4.5. Sixty-nine patients (61.6%) reported improved outcomes. Patients with large prostate volumes (TPV ≥ 40 mL) and small prostate volumes (TPV < 40 mL) had similar improved outcome rates (56.5% and 65.1%, respectively). Patients with significant IPP (Grades II and III) had significantly lower improved outcome rates (36.8%) than those without significant IPP (74.3%). Patients with prostatic calcification also had a significantly lower rate of improved outcome (47.9%) than those who did not (71.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that IPP and prostatic calcification are predictors of unfavorable outcome (GRA < 1) after adjusting for age, TPV, and total IPSS.ConclusionSignificant IPP and prostatic calcification are unfavorable predictors of successful α-blocker treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia-induced male LUTS.     

Variations of transition zone volume and transition zone index after transurethral needle ablation for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) is less invasive than other therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and produces coagulative necrosis within selected adenoma lesions. The action mechanism of TUNA is still obscure, even though many early studies have demonstrated good clinical results of TUNA. It is of interest and importance to know how TUNA influences the volume of the intraprostatic region responsible for bladder outlet obstruction in order to elucidate the anatomical action mechanism of TUNA. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated postoperative variations in volumetric parameters of whole prostate volume (PV), transition zone volume (TZV) and transition zone index (TZI = TZV/PV) in 41 patients with symptomatic BPH who were treated with TUNA. The data were analyzed statistically in relation to the preoperative overall severity and postoperative therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS: Both PV and TZV showed a significant decrease at 3 months after TUNA (P < 0.01) as did the symptom score, quality of life (QOL) score and functional variables, and a decreased level of PV and TZV was sustained until 12 months of follow-up when compared to the baseline (P < 0.01 at 6 months, not significant at 12 months). TZI also showed a similar pattern with a significantly decreased level until the postoperative 6th month (P < 0.05 at 6 months, not significant at 12 months). In 'moderate' cases, TZI achieved the minimum value (0.44 +/- 0.13, P < 0.05 compared to the baseline) at 3 months of follow-up, but the level immediately increased, while in 'severe' cases, TZI gradually decreased and achieved the minimum value (0.44 +/- 0.08, P < 0.05 compared to the baseline) at 12 months of follow-up. In the evaluation by postoperative therapeutic efficacy, there were no significant differences in PV, TZV and TZI between 'excellent and good' cases (E/G group) and 'fair and poor/worse' cases (F/P group) at the baseline or 3 months of follow-up. Both of the efficacy groups showed a significant decrease in PV, TZV and TZI at 3 months when compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). The mean decrease in TZI was significantly larger in the E/G group than in the F/P group (0.064 +/- 0.13 vs 0.027 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic efficacy of TUNA did not depend on the baseline value of PV, TZV and TZI, but on variation of a decrease in TZI during follow-up. Moreover, a slow and lasting decrease in TZI seemed to influence durability of the therapeutic efficacy of TUNA, which was clearly observed in 'severe' cases with a larger prostatic volume than in 'moderate' cases.     

Relationship between age and prostate size

In a community-based study, the relationship between age and human prostate size was investigated in a population of men between the ages of 40 and 70 years to determine the normal prostate increase curve equation. One thousand male volunteers were randomly recruited from the Shanghai community, and the length, width, height, volume of the transition zone (TZ) and the whole prostates were measured by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Each volunteer was evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Among those who completed the examination, the mean prostate parameters were all positively associated with increased age. There were statistically significant differences between each age group (P<0.05). The mean transition zone volume (TZV) had a higher increase rate with age than the mean total prostate volume (TPV), indicating that the enlargement of the TZ contributed the most to the increase in TPV. While all prostate parameters were positively correlated with the IPSS, the strongest correlation was associated with the TZ length (TZL) and TZV. The growth curve equations for prostate width, height and length were also positively associated with increasing age.     

双平面经直肠超声诊断良性前列腺增生的探讨

目的: 探讨双平面经直肠超声的二维灰阶和彩色多普勒成像在诊断良性前列腺增生 (BPH)中的应用价值。方法: 192例BPH患者与 50例正常人均进行常规经腹和经直肠超声检查。测量前列腺与移行区的 3个径,计算移行区体积与总体积的比值即移行区指数(TZI);观察前列腺内的血流分布情况,测量血流参数,并计算与TZI的相关性。　结果: 增生前列腺发生囊性变、钙结石和射精管囊肿的概率以及内部动脉血流的收缩期峰值流速 (PSV)和阻力指数(RI)均显著高于正常人;除了钙结石,双平面经直肠超声对以上病理改变的显示率均显著高于经腹超声检查;增生前列腺的TZI与PSV、RI和脉冲指数(PI)呈正相关。　结论: 双平面经直肠超声与经腹超声相比可以更清晰地显示前列腺内部正常及病理结构,同时,PSV、RI和PI可以协助诊断BPH以及判断前列腺的增生程度。     

累及移行带前列腺癌的诊断分析

目的分析累及移行带前列腺癌的临床特征,提高移行带前列腺癌的诊断率。方法回顾我院收治的77例前列腺癌患者,一组44例仅限于外周带;另一组33例已累及移行带。分析两组的临床表现、直肠指检、移行指数、前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度、前列腺特异性抗原、经直肠前列腺超声以及前列腺穿刺活检。结果两组患者的年龄、排尿期和储尿期症状、直肠指检阳性率、移行指数、前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度、前列腺特异性抗原以及病理分级没有显著性差异。移行带肿瘤存在泌尿系转移的风险。经直肠超声为移行带可疑病灶的定位提供了重要的参考,而对可疑病灶穿刺活检则能提高累及移行带前列腺癌的诊断率。结论经直肠超声行移行带可疑病灶的穿刺活检是诊断累及移行带前列腺癌的有效手段。