T1N0M0乳腺癌临床病理特征和预后分析

目的：探讨T1N0M0乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征与预后关系。方法：收集2003-01-01-200912-31广东省妇幼保健院乳腺病防治中心住院治疗的137例T1N0M0乳腺癌患者的资料,回顾性分析临床病理特征与预后的关系。结果：共收治934例I～ⅢA期乳腺癌患者,其中T1N0M0乳腺癌137例,占14．7％。137例T1N0M0乳腺癌患者中有33例（24．1％）为T1mic,42例（30．7％）为T1a～T1b,62例（45．2％）为T1c。肿瘤大小与组织学分级（P=0．001）有关,与年龄（P=0．526）、ER／PR（P=0．371）、HER-2（P=0．624）、手术方式（P=0．479）和术后辅助化疗（P=0．066）无明显相关性。中位随访47个月,5例患者复发转移,其中1例患者死于肝转移,5年无病生存期（disease-freesurvival,DFS）为96．4％,5年总生存期（overallsurvival,OS）为99．3％。在单因素分析中,T1N0M0乳腺癌的5年DFS与肿瘤组织学分级（P=0．010）和ER／PR状态（P=0．043）有关,而与年龄（P=0．217）、肿瘤大小（P=0．880）、HER-2状态（P=0．769）、手术方式（P=0．477）和有无化疗（P=0．560）无关;在多因素分析中,仅肿瘤组织学分级是5年DFS的独立影响因素,P=0．045。组织学分级G1、G2和G3患者的5年DFS分别为100．0％、96．3％和84．2％,伴有组织学分级非G3患者的5年DFS（98．3％）优于伴有组织学分级G3（84．2％）的患者,P=0．005;G2（96．3％）和G1（100．0％）患者5年DFS差异无统计学意义,P=0．109。结论：肿瘤组织学分级是T1N0M0乳腺癌的5年DFS独立影响因素,肿瘤组织学分级高的患者预后差。肿瘤组织学分级可为T1N0M0乳腺癌的辅助化疗决策提供参考依据。     

349例新辅助化疗后乳腺浸润性导管癌嗜神经侵袭与临床病理特征间的关系

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨新辅助化疗后乳腺浸润性导管癌嗜神经侵袭（perineural invasion,PNI）与患者临床病理特征之间的关系。［方法］ 收集甘肃省肿瘤医院349例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的临床和病理资料,所有患者均接受术前新辅助化疗,分析PNI发生与临床病理特征之间的关系。［结果］ 新辅助化疗后349例患者中PNI阳性91例（35%）,PNI阴性258例（65%）。单因素结果显示,乳腺浸润性导管癌神经侵犯与腋下淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移数目、TNM分期、脉管侵犯、分子分型和组织学分级有关（均P<0.05）,而与年龄、肿瘤直径、Ki-67增殖指数、化疗后反应、ER、 PR及Her-2表达无关（均P>0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,分子分型和组织学分级是PNI阳性的危险因素（P<0.05）。［结论］ 新辅助化疗后乳腺浸润性导管癌神经侵犯与腋下淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移数目、TNM分期、脉管侵犯、分子分型和组织学分级有关。     

88例早期乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的多因素分析

目的 探讨影响早期乳腺癌根治术和改良根治术后胸壁复发及其预后的相关因素.方法 对本院1995～2005年收治的88例早期乳腺癌术后胸壁复发患者进行回顾性分析.其中Ⅰ期12例,Ⅱa期33例,Ⅱb期43例（不包括T3N0M0和T1N1M0、T2N1M0中淋巴结阳性4个以上者）,术后均未接受胸壁放疗,复发后均采用以局部放疗和全身化疗为主的综合治疗.结果 中位发病年龄为47岁,中位复发年龄为49岁,中位复发时间为24个月,中位生存时间为59.5个月.总的5、10年生存率为85.5%、44.9%.3、5年无瘤生存率为36.6%、21.2%.复发后的3、5年生存率为59.6%、41.8%.行根治术者胸壁复发时间显著长于行改良根治术者（P＜0.002）;术后行化疗者胸壁复发时间显著长于术后未行化疗者（P＜0.002）;术后行内分泌治疗者胸壁复发时间显著长于术后未行内分泌治疗者（P＜0.032）.单纯胸壁复发者生存率显著高于伴有区域性淋巴结转移或远处转移者（P＜0.02）;2年以上复发者生存率显著高于2年以内复发者（P＜0.003）;ER（＋）者生存率显著高于ER（-）者（P＜0.026）.结论 手术方式、术后有无全身化疗及内分泌治疗是影响早期乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的相关因素.术后胸壁复发时间、有无出现区域性淋巴结转移或远处转移、ER表达情况等是影响早期乳腺癌胸壁复发后预后的相关因素.     

pN1期甲状腺乳头状癌术后复发危险因素分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨pN1期甲状腺乳头状癌术后复发的危险因素。［方法］回顾性分析380例手术pN1期甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床病理特征,及其与术后复发的关系。［结果］380例患者中术后20例（5.3%）出现肿瘤复发,复发时间10.9±5.2个月。单因素分析显示多发病灶、被膜外侵犯、转移淋巴结数＞5个以及淋巴结转移率≥0.4与肿瘤复发有关（P＜0.05）,而年龄、性别、原发肿瘤大小、是否为双侧病变、是否合并慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎以及BRAFV600E基因突变与肿瘤复发无关（P＞0.05）。多因素分析显示,被膜外侵犯和淋巴结转移率≥0.4是肿瘤复发的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。复发患者中,复发部位以Ⅱ区淋巴结最为常见,Ⅵ区淋巴结和残余腺体少见。［结论］被膜外侵犯、淋巴结转移率≥0.4与肿瘤复发有关,此类患者术后需加强随访。术前需要加强对Ⅱ区淋巴结的评估。     

结直肠癌患者微创根治手术后淋巴结检出影响因素及纳米碳示踪应用价值分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）患者微创根治手术后淋巴结检出的影响因素及纳米碳示踪应用价值。［方法］ 纳入行微创根治手术治疗CRC患者672例,根据是否采用纳米碳示踪分组,通过倾向评分法完成基线资料匹配,采用单因素和多因素法评价微创根治手术后淋巴结及阳性淋巴结检出数量独立影响因素。［结果］ ①倾向性评分匹配后示踪组与非示踪组患者各37例;两组基线资料比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;示踪组检出阳性淋巴结数量显著多于非示踪组（P<0.05）。②单因素分析结果显示,性别、病灶位置、肿瘤最大径及是否行纳米碳示踪均与微创根治手术后淋巴结检出数量有关（P<0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,病灶位置和是否行纳米碳示踪均是微创根治手术后淋巴结检出数量独立影响因素（P均<0.05）。③病理类型、T分期、病理组织学分级、神经侵犯情况及是否合并癌结节均与微创根治手术后阳性淋巴结检出数量有关（P<0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,T分期、病理组织学分级、脉管侵犯及合并癌结节情况均是微创根治手术后阳性淋巴结检出数量独立影响因素（P<0.05）。［结论］ CRC患者微创根治手术后淋巴结检出数量与病灶位置和是否行纳米碳示踪关系密切;T2~4期、组织学分级3~4级、合并脉管侵犯及癌结节者更易检出阳性淋巴结。     

胃癌根治术后早期复发转移的影响因素分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨胃癌根治术后早期复发转移的影响因素。［方法］ 回顾性分析232例胃癌根治术后复发转移患者的临床病理特征,分析患者术后早期复发转移的影响因素。［结果］ 232例患者中位复发时间为术后17.3个月（95%CI：15.0~19.6）,早期复发转移（复发转移时间≤ 24个月）153例（65.9%）,晚期复发转移（复发转移时间＞24个月）79例（34.1%）。多因素分析显示神经侵犯(P=0.009)、术后并发症（P=0.013）是根治术后早期复发转移的独立危险因素。［结论］神经侵犯、术后并发症与胃癌根治术后早期复发转移相关。     

直肠癌根治术后复发转移特点及危险因素分析

目的 研究直肠癌根治术后复发转移特点及其相关危险因素,为术后随访监测、防治复发转移提供依据.方法 回顾性研究中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1999年1月至2004年12月内初次根治手术治疗的1039例直肠癌病例资料,分析术后复发转移的特点及危险因素.结果 随访期间发生复发344例,占33.2％;常见的复发形式依次是局部复发（13.6％）、肝转移（6.9％）、肺转移（6.0％）.单因素分析显示：围手术期输血、病理大体类型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、脉管瘤栓、癌结节、分化程度、T分期、N分期、M分期是复发转移的相关因素（P＜0.05）.多因素分析显示：术前CEA、肿瘤位置、脉管瘤栓、瘤结节、T分期、N分期是复发转移的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）.结论 直肠癌术后存在好发复发转移部位和与复发转移相关的独立危险因素;术后辅助放化疗等多学科综合治疗是降低直肠癌术后复发转移、延长生存期的有效手段.     

直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的淋巴结转移情况及其预后影响因素分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的淋巴结转移情况及其预后影响因素。［方法］ 60例直肠NET患者进行手术治疗,其中行肠镜下电灼术3例,行经肛根治术15例,行经肛局部切除术41例,另1例肝转移患者行姑息性直肠病灶切除术。分析患者淋巴结转移情况及其预后的影响因素。［结果］ 直肠NET的淋巴结转移受肿瘤G分级、T分期以及肿瘤大小影响（P＜0.01）。多因素分析显示T分期为影响淋巴结转移的独立因素（OR=45.997,95%CI：4.032~526.128,P=0.001）。肿瘤G分级、T分期、N分期、M分期以及肿瘤大小均与直肠NET患者的预后相关（P＜0.05）,M分期是直肠NET患者预后的独立影响因素（OR=2.895,95%CI：1.482~3.528,P＜0.001）。［结论］ NET的淋巴结转移情况与T分期密切相关,预后受肿瘤的M分期影响。     

三阴性乳腺癌中MAPK及SNAIL蛋白的表达及临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨三阴性乳腺癌组织中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）及Snail 蛋白的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 选取2009年1月至2011年2月三阴性乳腺癌患者石蜡组织标本50例及20例癌旁正常乳腺石蜡组织为研究对象,应用免疫组化SP法检测MAPK及Snail 蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌组织中和癌旁正常乳腺组织中的表达水平,并分析其与三阴性乳腺癌复发转移及临床病理参数的关系。［结果］ MAPK及Snail蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达水平显著性高于癌旁正常乳腺组织（P<0.05）;MAPK阳性表达与三阴性乳腺癌患者的年龄、肿瘤家族史、病理类型、组织学分级、腋淋巴结转移、临床病理分期均无显著性相关性（P>0.05）,Snail蛋白阳性表达与三阴性乳腺癌患者的腋淋巴结转移、临床病理分期具有相关（P<0.05）。至随访截止时间,50例患者发生复发转移24例,其中MAPK及Snail蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌复发转移患者中的阳性表达水平显著性高于未复发转移患者（P<0.05）。［结论］ MAPK及Snail蛋白可能参与了三阴性乳腺癌的发展,并有可能成为判断三阴性乳腺癌复发转移的生物学指标。     

胃癌淋巴管侵犯的相关因素

目的：研究胃癌患者淋巴管侵犯与临床病理特征的相关性。方法：对我科212名胃癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,针对脉管癌栓与患者的T分期、N分期、组织分化、血管侵犯、肿瘤最大径等因素进行相关性统计分析。结果：淋巴管侵犯与T分期、N分期、组织分化、血管侵犯等因素具有相关性（P〈0．05）,与肿瘤最大径无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：淋巴管侵犯与众多临床病理特征具有相关性。     

Place de la chirurgie dans les cancers de la prostate de stades cT3-4 N0M0

The surgical treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer has often been discouraged and in many cases a combined treatment with radiotherapy and hormone-therapy is proposed. Nevertheless, radical prostatectomy is efficient in mono-therapy in the majority of patients with a PSA lower than 20 microg/l, a unilateral stage T3a and a Gleason score lower than 8. Patients with a more advanced local stage or with a less well differentiated tumour should not be excluded from a surgical treatment as an initial option. The majority of them will benefit from a multimodal treatment. This can consist of adjuvant radiotherapy in case of obvious margin positive disease, a salvage radiotherapy in case of PSA relapse during follow-up, or a hormonal treatment in case of PSA persistence after surgery or in cases of advanced lymph node invasion. The urologist must utilise the results of the definitive pathology and of the post-operative PSA levels in order to find the indications where and when additional treatment can be applied. The results obtained after 10-15 years with a radical prostatectomy, eventually combined with radiation or hormonal treatment are excellent concerning the cancer specific survival at long term. Therefore radiotherapy and hormones is not the treatment of choice for all clinical T3 prostate cancers.     

Le cancer du sein de la femme jeune dans le sud tunisien

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study was to discuss the epidemioclinical criteria, the therapeutic results and the prognostic factors of breast cancer in young women throughout a comparative study of 72 young patients aged less than 35 years and a second group of older premenopausal patients aged between 36 and 50 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the epidemioclinical records of all the patients. Non-metastatic and operable patients were treated with surgery (conservative or radical) followed by an adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy) indicated according to the prognostic factors. Locally advanced or metastatic tumors were treated with chemotherapy. Overall survival was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The comparison of survival curves was performed according to log-rank test.The multivariate analysis was performed according to the Cox model. RESULTS: The mean age was of 31.5 years. T2N1, node positive (N+), high grade (SBRII and III) and endocrine non-responsive tumors were the most frequent. There was no difference with the second group of older patients regarding the risk factors and the clinical criteria but mammography was more sensitive in the second group. The 5 years overall survival of young patients was of 57% and pejorative prognostic factors in univariate analysis were: tumor size, N+ and endocrine non-responsiveness. There were not any significant prognostic factors at the multivariate analysis. Young age less than 35 years was not a prognostic factor influencing overall survival in the totality of patients or in the different sub-groups according to the other prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Clinical presentation and outcome of breast cancer in our young patients aged under 35 years seems not to be different from that in older patients. The conclusions of the different authors are controversial but the majority has reported more advanced tumors with worse prognostic than those of older patients.     

T1micN0M0、T1aN0M0和T1bN0M0乳腺癌376例临床特征和预后分析

目的:分析T1micN0M0、T1aN0M0和T1bN0M0乳腺癌患者的临床病理学特征,了解其生存状态,探讨与预后相关的独立影响因素。方法:收集2002年1月—2005年12月4487例可手术的乳腺癌患者的临床病理学资料,回顾性分析其中376例T1micN0M0、T1aN0M0和T1bN0M0患者的临床病理学特征、复发和转移以及生存情况。结果:376例患者中,66例(17.6%)为T1mic(pT≤0.1cm),122例(32.4%)为T1a(0.1cm相似文献   

Lymphome non hodgkinien primitif du foie : à propos d''un cas et revue de la littérature

Purpose was to describe the clinical, radiological and therapeutic features in primary liver lymphoma. We report the case of a 54-year-old patient, who is followed since the age of 20 years for neutropenia associated with mediastinal adenopathy. Systematical ultrasound find a mass of the left liver confirmed by Computed tomography (CT). Histological examination of laparoscopic liver biopsy specimens confirmed diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The disease was confined to the liver without any evidence of extrahepatic involvement. The serology of Epstein Barr virus was highly positive. PET-scan show increased FDG uptake at the site of hepatic lesion and the mediastin. The patient received chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy of the left liver at the dose of 31 Gy. The patient was alive and free of disease 20 months after the diagnosis of primary liver lymphoma. The primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare malignancy, which classically affects 50-year-old patients with a male preponderance. The incidence is increased in immunosuppressed patients and some authors have suggested an association with hepatitis B or C infection, and with the Epstein Barr virus. The imaging studies including ultrasound, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and now PET-scan help to establish the diagnosis and to the following. Treatment options are surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination.     

Adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for breast cancer (T1N0M0, T2N0M0)

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of BCG immunotherapy for breast cancer (T1n0M0, T2n0M0) in nonrandomized series. During a 5-year follow-up study, patients in the BCG-treated group suffered neither recurrence nor death, while the historical control group had 6 cases of recurrence and 5 cases of disease death. As seen in our series, we concluded that breast cancer patients should be advised to accept adjuvant BCG immunotherapy after mastectomy.     

Résultats à long terme d''une série de 89 patients suivis pour un sarcome des tissus mous traités par chirurgie conservatrice et trois modalités d''irradiation postopératoire

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of patients treated for soft tissue sarcoma using three different post-operative radiotherapy schedules. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1990 and 2003, 89 patients (median age 50.8 years) presenting with soft tissue sarcoma (located to the limbs for 66 of them) underwent post-conservative-surgery radiotherapy. Pathology was liposarcoma in 35 cases and 54 others tumors. Tumors grades (FNCLCC classification) were 1, 2, 3 or unknown in 29, 32, 19 and 9 cases, respectively. Surgery was considered as complete in 68 patients. Irradiation was normofractionated (NF) in 62 cases, hyperfractionated (BF) in 19 cases and hypofractionated (HF) in 8 cases. For all the patients, median delivered dose was 61 Gy [34-76 Gy]. RESULTS: Median follow-up of alive patients was 73,8 months [3-184]. Five-year local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rates were 85.5 and 71.2% respectively. According to multifactorial analysis, favourable prognostic factors were for local control, complete surgery (P=0.0075) and for overall survival, complete surgery (P=0.0267), grade 1 tumor (P=0.012) and absence of distant recurrence (P=0.0488). There was no statistical evidence of difference for the five-year LC and OS rates between the patients who received NF, BF or HF. There were few complications and there were comparable in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective serie showed similar results for all the schedules. There is no evidence to recommend bifractionation. Hypofractionation should be used only in selected patients with poor performans status.     

Un carcinome pulmonaire métastasé à la gencive via une aiguille de couture : À propos d''un cas

Gingival metastases are very rare. We report the case of a 47 year-old man presenting with a gingival metastasis from a non small cell lung carcinoma. According to the literature, the most probable way of spread of such metastasis is haematogenous. Local implantation of cancer cells, present in patient's expectorations, in a fragile gingiva may be an other pathway of lung cancer metastasizing in this region as we will try to describe in this case report. Cytological and/or histological investigation is needed to assess the malignant and the metastatic character of these gingival lesions. A rapid regression is observed after a flash of external beam radiation; nevertheless metastasis prognosis depends on the primary tumour progress.     

Compression médullaire révélatrice d''un lymphome folliculaire : à propos d''un cas

Epidural localization is a rare presenting sign of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These tumours are classified in the majority of cases as large B cell lymphomas. Low grade lymphomas are rarely reported. We report a 43-year-old woman admitted for a total functional disability of the two lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal epidural mass extending from D7 to D9. A laminectomy was performed. The histopathological study revealed a follicular lymphoma. The patient underwent a spinal irradiation and chemotherapy. Follow up evaluation at 16 months demonstrated no evidence of relapse. Our purpose is to describe the clinical features, the pathologic findings, the treatment and the prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma revealed by an epidural involvement.     

T2N0M0乳腺癌治疗方法的选择

探讨Ｔ２Ｎ０Ｍ０乳腺癌治疗方法的选择。方法回顾分析７０２例Ｔ２Ｎ０Ｍ０乳腺癌的淋巴结转移情况、手术方式和辅助治疗的效果。结果Ｔ２Ｎ０Ｍ０乳腺癌临床检查淋巴结假阴性率为３５．２％。各种手术方式在淋巴结阴性时生存率相似。辅助放疗可降低局部复发，辅助化疗在淋巴结转移超过４只者可提高生存率。结论Ｔ２Ｎ０Ｍ０乳腺癌病灶≤３ｃｍ可作改良根治术，病灶＞３ｃｍ且位于中央或内侧应同时清除内乳淋巴结。术后应根据不同情况选择不同的辅助治疗。     

L''expérience française de l''utilisation d''un projecteur de source pour la curiethérapie prostatique exclusive par implants permanents d''iode radioactif : faisabilité et données de toxicité aiguë

PURPOSE: To analyse a new technique for prostate brachytherapy with permanent Iodine implants characterized by the use of a seed projector after a 3D dosimetric peroperative treatment planning (FIRST technique). PATIENTS AND METHOD: 395 patients have been treated in France with this technique in six radiotherapy centres between November 2002 and December 2005 for a localized prostate cancer. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (3.3%) developped a urinary retention, and respectively 7.8 and 26.5% an acute RTOG grade 3 and 2 toxicity. The 6-weeks IPSS score was equal or lower to 15 in 73% with a 11 median IPSS value. A failure of the loading with the seed-projector, leading to a manual loading of the seeds, occurred in 9 patients (2.3%) in two centres, directly related to the loading procedure with the seed-projector in 5 cases. The median duration of the procedure was reduced by 30 minutes for the patients treated in 2005. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study establishes the feasibility of the routine use of a seed projector for permanent iodine 125 prostate implants with an initial tolerance similar to the best results published for other implants techniques.