颅内血肿清除术中出现对侧迟发性硬脑膜外血肿3例报告

我院在2006年1月至5月收治的外伤性颅内血肿病例中，3例开颅手术中出现脑膨出，术中判断对侧出现迟发性硬脑膜外血肿，继续行对侧血肿清除手术，判断准确，效果良好。     

迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿的诊断与治疗(附78例报告)

目的 探讨迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿（DEDH）的病因、诊断、治疗方法及效果。方法对78例DEDH患者按照伤后初期头颅CT检查至CT复查明确诊断为止，共划分为5个时间段（〈6h、7-12h、13～24h、25-48h、〉49h），并分别比较术前诊断、术中诊断与术后诊断DEDH的治疗结果。结果6～24h内明确诊断者共60例，占全组76．9％（60/78）；伤后12h内44例，占全组56．4％（44/78）。术中诊断出迟发性血肿病例的死亡率（37．5％，3/8）高于术前（14．3％，6/42）与术后（21．4％，6/28）诊断出迟发性血肿病例的死亡率，但没有统计学差异。结论DEDH多见于伤后24h内，特别是在伤后12h内的病例占全组病例数半数以上（56．4％，44/78）。其发病机理尚未完全明了，但与血管舒缩机制障碍、低血压、低氧血症及开颅减压术后失去“填塞效应”的作用有一定关系。术中发生的DEDH常诊断困难，且死亡率也明显增高。外伤后CT动态检查协助医生能作出及时诊断与处理，也是降低患者死亡率与伤残率的关键。     

迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿的诊断与治疗(附78例报告)

目的 探讨迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿(DEDH)的病因、诊断、治疗方法及效果.方法 对78例DEDH患者按照伤后初期头颅CT检查至CT复查明确诊断为止,共划分为5个时间段(＜6 h、7～12 h、13～24 h、25～48 h、＞49 h),并分别比较术前诊断、术中诊断与术后诊断DEDH的治疗结果.结果 6～24 h内明确诊断者共60例,占全组76.9%(60/78);伤后12 h内44例,占全组56.4%(44/78).术中诊断出迟发性血肿病例的死亡率(37.5%,3/8)高于术前(14.3%,6/42)与术后(21.4%,6/28)诊断出迟发性血肿病例的死亡率,但没有统计学差异.结论 DEDH多见于伤后24 h内,特别是在伤后12 h内的病例占全组病例数半数以上(56.4%,44/78).其发病机理尚未完全明了,但与血管舒缩机制障碍、低血压、低氧血症及开颅减压术后失去"填塞效应"的作用有一定关系.术中发生的DEDH常诊断困难,且死亡率也明显增高.外伤后CT动态检查协助医生能作出及时诊断与处理,也是降低患者死亡率与伤残率的关键.     

外伤性颅内血肿术后对侧迟发性硬膜外血肿的预防

颅脑损伤病人,在开颅术后容易发生对侧迟发性硬脑膜外血肿(Delayed extradural hematoma,DEDH),使病情加重.我们采用病灶对侧颅骨钻洞,结扎硬脑膜中动脉,悬吊硬脑膜,预防发生DEDH,效果显著,总结如下.     

重型颅脑损伤术中迟发性血肿引发急性脑膨出处理策略的探讨

目的对重型颅脑损伤术中迟发性血肿引发急性脑膨出原因和处理的策略进行探讨。方法对48例重型颅脑损伤术中迟发性血肿引发急性脑膨出的临床资料进行回顾性总结。结果所有病人经过及时正确处理，清除血肿，恢复良好出院33例，中残5例，植物生存4例，其余6例由于本身脑疝时间长，呼吸循环中枢衰竭死亡。结论迟发性血肿是重型顷脑外伤术中引出急性脑膨出的主要原因之一，手术中正确处理，可以减少脑膨出的发生而收到较好的疗效。     

术中窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿致急性脑膨出的治疗

目的 探讨颅脑损伤患者术中窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿所致急性脑膨出的临床特点及诊治经验.方法 回顾我院2007年5月至2009年5月收治的10例颅脑损伤患者,均为开颅术中发现急性脑膨出,术中复查头颅CT明确窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿的诊断后,取顶枕部"U"形切口,做窦汇区骨瓣成形加自体筋膜加压修补术.结果 根据GOS评分判断愈后:中残2例,重残1例,植物生存1例,死亡6例.结论 窦汇区硬膜外血肿做跨窦骨瓣成形术,骨瓣足够大,出血点完全暴露,再用自体筋膜加压修补术彻底止血,是理想的手术方法 .早期诊断及正确的手术方法 是救治成功的关键.     

迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿（附2例报告）

迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿（附２例报告）张岩松，刘宏毅，周柏建，陈诒迟发性外伤性硬脑膜外血肿（ＤＥＤＨ）临床较为少见，ＣＴ问世后才被充分认识。现将我院近年来收治２例报告如下。临床资料例１男，３９岁。入院前３０天头部被拳击伤，当时短暂意识丧失，清醒后无不...     

术中窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿致急性脑膨出的治疗

目的 探讨颅脑损伤患者术中窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿所致急性脑膨出的临床特点及诊治经验.方法 回顾我院2007年5月至2009年5月收治的10例颅脑损伤患者,均为开颅术中发现急性脑膨出,术中复查头颅CT明确窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿的诊断后,取顶枕部"U"形切口,做窦汇区骨瓣成形加自体筋膜加压修补术.结果 根据GOS评分判断愈后:中残2例,重残1例,植物生存1例,死亡6例.结论 窦汇区硬膜外血肿做跨窦骨瓣成形术,骨瓣足够大,出血点完全暴露,再用自体筋膜加压修补术彻底止血,是理想的手术方法 .早期诊断及正确的手术方法 是救治成功的关键.     

术中窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿致急性脑膨出的治疗

目的 探讨颅脑损伤患者术中窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿所致急性脑膨出的临床特点及诊治经验.方法 回顾我院2007年5月至2009年5月收治的10例颅脑损伤患者,均为开颅术中发现急性脑膨出,术中复查头颅CT明确窦汇区迟发性硬膜外血肿的诊断后,取顶枕部"U"形切口,做窦汇区骨瓣成形加自体筋膜加压修补术.结果 根据GOS评分判断愈后:中残2例,重残1例,植物生存1例,死亡6例.结论 窦汇区硬膜外血肿做跨窦骨瓣成形术,骨瓣足够大,出血点完全暴露,再用自体筋膜加压修补术彻底止血,是理想的手术方法 .早期诊断及正确的手术方法 是救治成功的关键.     

颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出原因63例分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤手术中急性脑膨出的原因。方法对手术中脑膨出的63例颅脑损伤病人进行回顾分析。结果异位血肿34例，手术窗过高6例，脑无氧或严重缺氧损害18例，膀胱过度充盈3例，呼吸末正压通气2例。结论淤血性脑肿胀手术窗选择不当，异位颅内血肿形成、脑缺氧造成的弥漫性脑肿胀是颅脑损伤术中脑膨出的三大主因。选用标准外伤大骨瓣；术中或术后立即复查CT，及时发现并清除新形成的异位颅内血肿；强调创伤现场心肺复苏，避免术前窒息，缩短术前颅高压的时间，减轻低血压和气道不畅造成的脑缺氧损害，能降低脑膨出的发生率和死亡率。     

幕上骨瓣开颅清除骑跨横窦硬膜外血肿

目的探讨骑跨横窦的硬膜外血肿的手术治疗方法。方法对我科2003年12月至2005年12月收治的6例骑跨横窦硬膜外血肿病人均采用枕部幕上马蹄形皮骨瓣开颅,先清除幕上血肿,再经静脉窦与颅骨内板之间的空隙清除幕下硬膜外血肿。结果6例患者平均手术时间80min,术中失血少。术后5例血肿基本清除,1例幕上残留少量硬膜外血肿。出院时5例恢复良好,1例中残。结论采用枕部幕上马蹄形皮骨瓣开颅,能够顺利清除幕上、下硬膜外血肿,且手术时间短,清除血肿迅速,操作简单,出血少,术后不遗留颅骨缺损。     

Acute Cervical Subdural Hematoma with Quadriparesis after Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Block

Cervical epidural steroid injection is frequently used in the conservative management of neck pain and cervical radiculopathy. Epidural cervical transforaminal injections are usually well-tolerated with mild side effects such as transient decreased sensory and motor function, or headache due to dural puncture. Although there are a few case reports about adverse effects of cervical epidural injection in the literature, it can cause severe complications such as large hematoma, infarction by spinal vascular injury. Subdural hematoma has been occurred much less common rather than epidural hematoma in the spinal cord. We report a rare catastrophic case of cervical spinal subdural hematoma with quadriparesis after cervical transforaminal epidural block.     

Brain Injuries during Intraoperative Ventriculostomy in the Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Objective

Intraoperative ventriculostomy is widely adopted to make the slack brain. However, there are few reports about hemorrhagic or parenchymal injuries after ventriculostomy. We tried to analyze and investigate the incidence of these complications in a consecutive series of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

From September 2006 to June 2007, 43 patients underwent surgical clipping for aneurysmal SAH at our hospital. Among 43 patients, we investigated hemorrhagic or parenchymal injuries after intraoperative ventriculostomy using postoperative computed tomographic scan in 26 patients. After standard pterional craniotomy, ventriculostomy catheter was inserted perpendicular to the cortical surface along the bisectional imaginary line from Paine''s point.

Results

Hemorrhagic injuries were detected in 12 of 26 patients (46.2%). Mean systolic blood pressure during anesthesia was with in statistically significant parameter related to hemorrhage (p = 0.006). On the other hand, parenchymal injuries were detected in 11 of 26 patients (42.3%). Female and the amount of infused mannitol during anesthesia showed statistically significant parameters related to parenchymal injury (p = 0.005, 0.04, respectively). However, there were no ventriculostomy-related severe complications.

Conclusion

In our series, hemorrhagic or parenchymal injuries after intraoperative ventriculostomy occurred more commonly than previously reported series in aneurysmal SAH patients. Although the clinical outcomes of complications are generally favorable, neurosurgeon must keep in mind the frequent occurrence of brain injury after intraoperative ventriculostomy in the acute stage of aneurysmal SAH.     

迟发性外伤性颅内血种的临床特点及预后因素

目的 研究迟发性外伤性颅内血种（DTIH）的临床特点及预后因素。方法 回顾性分析了66例DTIH病人的临床资料。结果 DTIH常见于男性中老年减速性损伤,以额颞部最多,常发生于伤后72h;意识障碍进行性加重,逐渐出现局限性神经症状及局限性癫痫是其三个重要症状;低血压为促发因素。原发性脑损伤重,年龄超过60岁,诊断时间超过24h,术前GCS评分小于8分死亡率高。结论 DTIH的临床表现具有其特点,正确认识该病、及时复查CT是早期诊断的关键;原发性脑损伤的程度、年龄、瞳孔变化、确诊时间、术前意识水平是影响其预后的主要因素。     

闭式引流治疗婴幼儿晚发性维生素K缺乏所致颅内血肿

目的 探索晚发性维生素Ｋ缺乏所致颅内血肿（ＤＶＤＨ）的治疗方法。方法 在补充维生素Ｋ和凝血因子止血，输新鲜全血纠正贫血的基础上，进行锥颅持续闭式持续引流术。结果 手术治疗２１例，治愈１９例，占９０．５％，随访２月￣６年，预后优１４例良５例，差２例。结论 锥颅闭式持续引流术对ＤＶＤＨ的治疗是一种安全有效而实用的治疗方法。     

Epidural Hematoma Related with Low-Dose Aspirin : Complete Recovery without Surgical Treatment

Hemorrhagic complications associated with aspirin use occur primarily at skin or gastrointestinal sites but can occasionally occur in the central nervous system. In particular, spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage (SSEH) associated with aspirin is very rare. We report a case of low-dose (100 mg daily) aspirin-related SSEH that was successfully treated with medical management. Our case indicates that low-dose aspirin could induce SSEH and that conservative treatment with close observation and repeated imaging studies should be considered in cases with neurological improvement or mild deficits.     

伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿的手术治疗体会

目的探讨伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿的临床特点和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2005年7月至2007年8月我院收治的20例伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿患者的临床资料，并将其死亡率与同期不伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿患者的死亡率进行统计学分析。结果这加例伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿病人中，治愈8例，轻残3例，重残2例，死亡7例（35．0％。7／20）。伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿患者的手术死亡率明显高于不伴有“漩涡征”者（P〈0．01）。结论对于伴有“漩涡征”的急性硬膜外血肿，应引起足够重视，早期诊断，及时积极手术治疗，才能降低死亡率。     

中、老年人外伤性迟发性颅内血肿151例临床分析

目的 探讨中、老年外伤性迟发性颅内血肿(DTICH)临床特点、伴随危险因素及诊疗过程中注意问题。方法 回顾分析15l例中老年DTICH病例的临床和影像学资料。结果DTICH占中老年颅脑损伤病人的77．8％，死亡率为25．2％。结论 对于中老年颅脑损伤患应密切观察病情变化，警惕DTICH的发生，及时作出诊断、治疗。DTICH多出现于颅脑损伤后72h内或清除其它颅内血肿后突然出现，高峰期是伤后24h。     

Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma in an Infant : A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is rare in children, especially in infants, in whom only 12 cases have been reported. Because of the nonspecificity of presenting symptoms in children, the diagnosis may be delayed. We report herein a case of SSEH in a 20-month-old girl who initially presented with neck pain, and developed lower extremity motor weakness and symptoms of neurogenic bladder 2 weeks prior to admission. The magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural mass lesion extending from C7 to T4, and the spinal cord was severely compressed by the mass. After emergency decompressive surgery the neurologic function was improved immediately. Two months after surgery, the neurological status was normal with achievement of spontaneous voiding. We suggest that surgical intervention can provide excellent prognosis in case of SSEH in infants, even if surgery delayed.     

Serial CT Findings of a Rapidly Calcified Epidural Hematoma in a Young Adult: A Case Report

We report serial computed tomography (CT) findings in a rare case of a rapidly calcified epidural hematoma. A 21‐year‐old female patient was admitted to our hospital after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. An initial cranial CT revealed a right frontal bone fracture. She complained of right frontal headache, but showed no neurological deficit or tendency for bleeding. Therefore, she was treated conservatively without surgical intervention. Follow‐up CT revealed an ossified epidural hematoma (EDH) 17 days after the head injury, and the ossification later thickened. However, a decrease in the width of the EDH was observed during the 9 months of follow‐up during which serial CT images were acquired. The EDH resolved 9 months after the initial trauma, but the calcification layer remained thickened.