Salmons传感器的改良与家兔在体跟腱的生物力学测试

目的：探讨家兔在体跟腱的生物力学特点及其测试方法。方法：选择45只健康成年家兔，随机均分为三组，A组（正常左侧跟腱），B组（正常右侧跟腱），C组（失胫神经支配的左侧跟腱），以改良Salmons传感器对A、B、C三组的在体跟腱进行生物力学测试。结果：失胫神经支配状态下的一侧跟腱的生物力学参数明显低于常态（P〈0．05）。结论：改良Salmons传感器用于家兔在体跟腱的生物力学测试具有可行、稳定、灵敏等优点。     

改良环扣式传感器用于兔在体跟腱的生物力学测试

目的探讨在体跟腱的生物力学行为。方法对环扣式传感器进行改良;选用45只家兔均分三组,A组(正常左侧跟腱),B组(正常右侧跟腱),C组(失胫神经支配的左侧跟腱),以改良环式传感器对A、B、C三组的跟腱进行生物力学测试。结果家兔跑跳时的张力曲线主要有4种,即I、II、III、IV;失胫神经支配状态下的一侧跟腱的生物力学参数明显低于常态(P<0.05)。结论改良环扣式传感器用于在体跟腱的生物力学测试具有可行、稳定、灵敏等优点。     

氧分压在体监测仪的研制

作者报道一种稳定性较高的氧分压在体监测，为医学研究、临床诊断提供一种新的可靠的测试方法及设备，具有较大的应用价值。     

跟腱断端瘢痕组织修复在陈旧性跟腱断裂治疗中的应用

目的 探讨修复跟腱断端瘢痕组织治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法 横断面研究。纳入2018年8月—2021年7月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院收治的21例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者的临床资料。其中男17例,女4例;年龄20~73（43.5±16.0）岁;右侧11例,左侧10例;患者均采用修复跟腱断端瘢痕组织治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂。记录手术时间、切口长度、术后并发症,以及日常活动、运动恢复时间;比较术前与术后末次随访时美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）的踝-后足评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分;记录末次随访时患者跟腱完全断裂评分（ATRS）、Arner-Lindholm评分、单足提踵试验结果。结果 本组患者手术时间30~50 min（平均41.1 min）,手术切口4~7 cm（平均5.6 cm）;术后无感染、腓肠神经损伤和再破裂等严重并发症出现。所有患者术后获6~40个月（平均18.5个月）的随访。患者术后恢复日常活动时间（4.4±0.7）个月、恢复运动时间（11.1±1.5）个月。AOFAS的踝-后足评分由术前（63.5±6.9）分提高至末次随访的（89.9±4.8）分,疼痛VAS评分由术前4（3,4）分降低至末次随访的0（0,1）,差异均有统计学意义（t=-14.45、Z=5.69,P值均<0.001）。末次随访时ATRS达（92.7±3.6）分;Amer-Lindholm评分评价优15例、良6例,优良率为100％;单足提踵试验阳性率9.52%（2/21）,单足提踵恢复时间4~7 （5.1±0.9）个月。结论 修复断端跟腱瘢痕组织治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂可以达到满意的临床疗效,且具有安全性高及并发症少等优点。     

足跟内侧弧形小切口在跟腱炎微创手术中的应用

跟腱炎是一种常见的运动损伤性疾病,大多数患者保守治疗可获得满意效果,但对于顽固性跟腱炎患者往往需要手术。传统大切口清理术局部并发症多,我科近年来采用足跟内侧弧形小切口进行微创手术,并发症少,效果满意,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组29例,男18例,女11例。年龄39～60岁。病程8～48个月。体质量73～98 kg,平均79.6 kg。均有跟腱止点肿     

NO在体实时传感器

目前用来检测NO的方法有近10种,但多为间接的测定方法。用NO传感器可对生物样品产生的NO进行直接、快速、灵敏的在体原位检测,还可测量NO的释放动力学。本文综述了几种常见的NO传感器的设计原理、结构特征和有关参数。     

体域网传感器节点和无线通信技术研究进展

随着无线通信技术、植入式生物传感器技术和嵌入式系统技术的发展,作为无线传感器网络的分支和物联网的重要组成部分,体域网(BSN)受到研究人员和企业的极大关注。给出了BSN的基本概念和研究状况分析,并阐述了BSN中的传感器节点、无线通信技术两个方面的技术挑战、最新进展和发展趋势,介绍了国内外的相关研究项目及具体应用。     

双蒂腓肠肌皮瓣下滑修复跟腱及皮肤缺损的应用解剖学

目的:为双蒂腓肠肌皮瓣下滑修复小腿下端皮肤及跟腱缺损和术前判断肌皮瓣能修复的范围提供解剖学理论依据。方法:30侧下肢标本,模拟腓肠肌皮瓣的切取,观察双蒂腓肠肌皮瓣中腓肠肌及其神经、血管的形态和毗邻关系,观测肌皮瓣能向下滑动的距离。结果:腓肠肌的动脉有4种类型:Ⅰ.腓肠内、外侧动脉单独发支,占56.7％;Ⅱ.腓肠内、外侧动脉单独发支,而一侧有来源于对侧动脉的分支直接人肌,占23.3％;Ⅲ.腓肠内、外侧动脉共干占10％;Ⅳ.腓肠内、外侧动脉单独发支,但有一侧为两支,占10％。神经分支形式有6种类型:Ⅰ.腓肠内侧皮神经、腓肠肌内外侧头肌支、比目鱼肌支单独发支,占36.7％;Ⅱ.腓肠内侧皮神经和腓肠肌内侧头肌支共干,占20％;Ⅲ.腓肠肌外侧头肌支与比目鱼肌支共干,占20％;Ⅳ腓肠内侧皮神经与腓肠肌内侧头肌支共干,腓肠肌外侧头肌支与比目鱼肌支共干,占13.3％;Ⅴ.腓肠内侧皮神经、腓肠肌内外侧头肌支、比目鱼肌支共干,占6.7％;Ⅵ.腓肠内侧皮神经、腓肠肌内、外侧头肌支共干,占33％。皮瓣向下滑动的平均最大距离为(9.2±0.9)cm。结论:双蒂腓肠肌皮瓣适合于修复跟腱及皮肤同时缺损,切取时需要注意神经、血管有不同的类型并做相应的处理,肌皮瓣能修复的平均最大长度为(9.2±0.9)cm。     

兔眼前房压强在体连续测量方法的研究

为了解眼睛房水压强变化规律,进一步建立闭角型青光眼模型和对疾病的治疗及视功能康复提供参考,探讨一种在体连续测量正常兔眼前房压强的方法。将正常成年新西兰白兔麻醉后,先用静脉留置针(20G)自角膜缘外行前房穿刺术,然后通过套管将Millar导管植入兔眼的前房,兔眼的前房压强信号经过Powerlab系统进行滤波、放大和模数转换后,通过Chart软件进行实时显示。结果表明:用该方法测得的正常兔眼24 h前房压强的变化范围为(1.31±0.21—2.74±0.83)KPa。前房压强的分布凌晨较低(0~5点),然后逐渐升高(5~10点),到中午或下午(11—17点)时达到最高峰,晚上又逐渐下降(18~23点)。结果证明本实验在体连续测量兔眼前房压强的方法是可行的。     

In vivo measurement-based estimations of the human Achilles tendon moment arm

The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare in vivo measurement-based Achilles tendon moment arm lengths at rest and during isometric plantarflexion maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using the centre-of-rotation (COR) and the tendon-excursion (TE) methods. Both methods were based on morphometric analysis of sagittal-plane magnetic resonance images of the foot. Using the COR method, moment arms were obtained at ankle angles from 15° of dorsiflexion to 30° of plantarflexion in steps of 15°, digitizing the perpendicular distance from a moving centre of rotation in the tibio-talar joint to the Achilles tendon action line. The TE method was based on measurement of calcaneal displacement along the tibial axis during 15° rotations of the ankle joint, from 30° of dorsiflexion to 45° of plantarflexion. The two methods gave similar estimations at rest varying from 4.3 to 5.6 cm. Using the COR method, the Achilles tendon moment arm during MVC was larger by 1–1.5 cm (22–27%, P < 0.01) than the respective resting value. In contrast, no difference (P > 0.05) was found between the resting and MVC moment arm estimations of the TE method. The disagreement in moment arms during MVC may be attributed to differences in the assumptions made between the two methods. The TE method has more limitations than the COR method and its estimations during MVC should be treated with caution. Resting Achilles tendon moment arm estimations of the COR method should be multiplied by 1.22–1.27 when maximal isometric plantarflexion joint moments, musculotendon forces and stresses are predicted using modelling. Accepted: 5 May 2000     

In Vivo Measurement of Ligament/Tendon Strains and Forces: A Review

Accurate and precise measurements of ligament and tendon biomechanics in living humans are needed to better understand function and injury and to optimize treatment. The complex structure and loadings of these internal soft tissues makes in vivo measurements difficult to obtain. A noninvasive method that can be used in the field during normal unrestricted activity would be optimal, though this goal has yet to be achieved. Instrumentation has been developed to directly measure the strains and forces in human ligaments and tendons in vivo. The current strain measurement techniques include devices that attach directly to the tissue (e.g. Differential Variable Reluctance Transducer). The current force measurement techniques include the Buckle transducer, fiber optic sensors, and other implantable force probes that are placed in or around the mid-substance of the tissue. Noninvasive methods (e.g. ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging) have recently emerged to measure soft tissue strains and they show considerable promise. In this paper, the different techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on their advantages, limitations, and hence clinical relevance. These must be clearly understood in order to interpret the data reported in the literature that were obtained from such technologies, to design experiments that utilize these technologies, or to improve upon these technologies.     

聚(丙基，3-羟丙基)DL-天冬酰胺的体内外降解及键合阿司匹林复合物的释放行为的研究

选用两种不同亲疏水性的聚天冬酰胺修饰材料进行体内外降解实验,研究结果表明,聚天冬酰胺材料的降解过程系酶解,材料的亲疏水性不同,则在体内的降解速度不同,同种材料在埋植部位、肾、肝中的代谢速度也不同。对两种材料的键合阿司匹林复合物的体内外释放试验表明,酶解有利于药物的释放,材料的亲脂性增加有利于药物的释放。     

聚膦腈共混膜在动物体内的降解和组织相容性

研究了聚磷腈／降酯或聚膦腈共混膜（PGP／PLGA或PGP／PSTP）在小鼠体内的降解行为和组织相容性。初步结果表明，共混物的降解速率随共混组成的变化而变化，PGP／PLGA（70：30质量比）降解55d重量损失68．4％，PGP/PSTP(70:30质量比）12d即降解88．5％；PGP／PLGA的降解机制包括水解和酶解，PGP／PSTP主要是水解；PGP／PLGA的组织相容性较PGP／PSTP更好，而且在PGP／PSTP体系中PGP含量的增加有利于共混物组织相容性的改善。这些结果提示该共混物在医药领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

哮喘大鼠气管微循环中白细胞粘附的活体观察

哮喘大鼠气管微循环中白细胞粘附的活体观察苗会１胡清华１薛全福２新见英幸３庄逢源１支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）是当今世界常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，近年的报道表明其患病率及死亡率有上升趋势［１］。哮喘的发病机制至今尚未完全阐明。自１９８０年代提出气道慢性炎症学说以...     

Immersion of Achilles tendon in phosphate‐buffered saline influences T1 and T2* relaxation times: An ex vivo study

Robust mapping of relaxation parameters in ex vivo tissues is based on hydration and therefore requires control of the tissue treatment to ensure tissue integrity and consistent measurement conditions over long periods of time. One way to maintain the hydration of ex vivo tendon tissue is to immerse the samples in a buffer solution. To this end, various buffer solutions have been proposed; however, many appear to influence the tissue relaxation times, especially with prolonged exposure. In this work, ovine Achilles tendon tissue was used as a model to investigate the effect of immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and the effects on the T₁ and T₂^* relaxation times. Ex vivo samples were measured at 0 (baseline), 30 and 67 hours after immersion in PBS. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging was performed using variable flip angle and echo train‐shifted multi‐echo imaging for T₁ and T₂^* estimation, respectively. Compared with baseline, both T₁ and T₂^* relaxation time constants increased significantly after 30 hours of immersion. T₂^* continued to show a significant increase between 30 and 67 hours. Both T₁ and T₂^* tended to approach saturation at 67 hours. These results exemplify the relevance of stringently controlled tissue preparation and preservation techniques, both before and during MRI experiments.     

In vivo achilles tendon loading' during jumping in humans

Elastic behaviour of the human tendomuscular system during jumping was investigated by determination of the in vivo Achilles tendon force. A buckle-type transducer was implanted under local anaesthesia around the right Achilles tendon of an adult subject. After calibration, the Achilles tendon force was recorded together with the triceps surae muscle electromyogram activity and high speed filming and ground reaction force during: a maximal vertical jump from a squat position, a maximal vertical jump from an erect standing position with a preliminary counter-movement, and repetitive submaximal hopping on the spot. Jumping heights were 33, 40 and 7 cm in the squat, the counter movement, and the hopping positions, respectively. The peak Achilles tendon force and mechanical work by the calf muscles were 2233 N and 34 J in the squat jump, 1895 N and 27 J in the counter movement jump, and 3786 N and 51 J when hopping. The changes in tendon length were estimated assuming a stiffness constant calculated from the tendon architecture. The percentages of elastic energy stored in the Achilles tendon during jumping were 23 %, t7% and 34% of the total calf muscle work in the squat jump, the counter movement jump, and hopping, respectively.     

Metal-metal oxide pH sensors for physiological application

Metal–metal oxide electrodes provide robust and miniaturised pH sensors. Iridium oxide electrodes prepared by thermal oxidation and by anodisation are described and their relative merits discussed. The effects of chloride and protein adsorption on sensor performance are investigated using cyclic voltammetry and the mechanism by which Nafion membranes can stabilise sensor response is identified. Applications in cultured intervertebral disc are reported.     

The frequency of Achilles and plantar calcaneal spurs in gout patients

Background/aim Gout may cause various radiographic abnormalities such as cartilage loss, spurs, sclerosis, and periostal new bone formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of Achilles and plantar spurs and related factors in gout patients.Matherial and methodsWe performed a retrospective review of gout patients, treated at Hacettepe University hospitals between 2014 and 2019. We identified patients from the hospital records using the ICD-10 code (M10). Demographic and clinical features, comorbidities, and foot radiographies were collected. The radiographies were evaluated by a rheumatologist (U.K.) who was experienced in musculoskeletal radiography. Factors predicting the spurs were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results181 patients who had lateral foot radiograph were included in this study. Eighty-one (44.7%) patients had score ≥ 2 Achilles spur, 81 (44.7%) patients had score ≥ 2 plantar spur, and 22 (12.1%) patients had no spur. Age, disease duration, duration between the gout diagnosis and appearing spur, the presence of metabolic comorbidities and hypertension were higher in both Achilles and plantar spurs than no spur group. Forty (22.1%) patients had score ≥ 2 both Achilles and plantar spur. In this group, the mean age was older and the proportion of metabolic comorbidities was higher than the groups of Achilles and plantar spur with a score 0 or 1. Predictor of the development of large or moderate-severe calcaneal spur was the existence of metabolic comorbidity [OR (95% CI): 3.49 (1.11–11.0) and p = 0.033].ConclusionThe presence of metabolic comorbidities increases the frequency of calcaneal spurs in gout patients. This condition can be explained by the impaired microvascular structure and increased hypoxia resulting in calcification on the tendon and ligament insertion sites.