Drinking patterns in French adult men

Summary.Background: Establishing patterns of alcohol consumption may be useful for investigating the relationship between alcohol and diseases.Methods: We used a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method to describe the intake of eight types of alcoholic beverages and to determine drinking patterns in a cohort of 1797 men enrolled in a French 8-year intervention study involving nutritional doses of vitamins and minerals, the SU.VI.MAX study.Results: Cluster 1, referred to as abstainers, was defined a priori and included 329 men who drank less than 5 g of alcohol per day. Six drinking patterns were defined in alcohol drinkers, with increasing mean alcohol intake: cluster 2, low drinkers, included 670 subjects, who drank little of any type of alcoholic beverage; cluster 3, high quality wines, included 584 men with a high intake of champagne, high quality wines, and high-alcohol aperitifs; cluster 4, beer and cider, included 190 subjects with a high intake of beer and cider; cluster 5, digestives, included 54 men with a specifically high consumption of digestive beverages; cluster 6, local wines, included 238 subjects with a high intake of local wines and low-alcohol aperitifs; cluster 7, table wines, included 61 men with a high intake of table wines and high-alcohol aperitifs. These clusters were significantly associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle variables such as place of residence, occupation, mean caloric intake and distribution of energy intake throughout the day, body mass index, and smoking habits.Conclusions: They will be useful in future studies of the relationship between alcohol intake and medical conditions or risk factors.     

Snack patterns are associated with biomarkers of glucose metabolism in US men

Abstract

Few studies have made distinctions between dietary intake from meals and snacks in relating them to biomarkers. We aimed to examine if snack patterns are associated with biomarkers of glucose metabolism, specifically hemoglobin A1c and HOMA-IR in US adults. Using 24-h dietary recall data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007–2008, we derived snack patterns using factor analyses. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for biomarkers of glucose metabolism by quintiles of snack pattern scores. Men in the highest quintile of dairy and sugary snack pattern had higher risk of having hemoglobin A1c?≥?6.5% (AOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.20–3.51) and HOMA-IR?>?3.0 (AOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.01–2.95) than did those in the lowest quintile. No significant association was found in women between snack patterns and biomarkers of glucose metabolism. Dairy and sugary snack patterns of US men had the greatest association with poor control of glucose metabolism.     

Dietary patterns are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative study population of German adults

Studies that investigated complex actual eating behaviours of the general population and their relation to cardiometabolic risk markers are sparse. We aimed to identify dietary patterns within a nationally representative sample of 4025 German adults by factor analysis based on validated dietary history interviews. Furthermore, we evaluated associations of the derived dietary patterns with abnormalities clustered within the metabolic syndrome and related metabolic markers by logistic regression models and ANCOVA. A high adherence to the 'processed foods' pattern reflected a high intake of refined grains, processed meat, red meat, high-sugar beverages, eggs, potatoes, beer, sweets and cakes, snacks and butter, whereas a high adherence to the 'health-conscious' pattern represented a high intake of vegetables, vegetable oils, legumes, fruits, fish and whole grains. For subjects in the highest compared with those in the lowest quintile of the processed foods pattern, the occurrence of abdominal obesity was 88 (95?% CI 31, 169)?% higher, hypertension was 34 (95?% CI -?4, 86)?% higher, hypertriacylglycerolaemia was 59 (95?% CI 11, 128?)?% higher and the metabolic syndrome was 64 (95?% CI 10, 143)?% higher when adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, socio-economic status, sport activity and smoking. Furthermore, subjects in the highest quintile had statistically significantly higher uric acid concentrations and lower folate concentrations (P for trend 相似文献   

Dietary factors are associated with coronary heart disease risk factors in college students

It is hypothesized that healthy dietary and physical activity choices will be inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Results from a cross-sectional study of 294 first-year University of Rhode Island students were used for the analyses. The presence of CHD risk factors was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Diet was assessed by three 24-hour food recalls, and physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusted for sex estimated the odds of having CHD risk factors. A higher percent of kilocalories from alcohol was associated with a 9.9% increased risk for elevated triacylglycerol (odds ratio [OR], 1.099; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000-1.207). Sugar intake (OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.004-1.026), saccharin intake (OR, 1.047; 95% CI, 1.015-1.080), and body mass index (BMI; OR, 1.139; 95% CI, 1.037-1.252) were associated with an increased risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; dietary fiber intake (OR, 0.934; 95% CI, 0.873-1.000) was associated with a decreased risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Participants with a higher BMI were 9.4% more likely to have elevated fasting glucose (OR, 1.094; 95% CI, 1.004-1.192) and 193.6% more likely to have a larger waist circumference (OR, 2.936; 95% CI, 1.543-5.586). Dietary factors and BMI are better indicators of CHD risk than physical activity is in this population.     

Nutritional intakes of 1072 French free-living men with and without diagnosed cardiovascular risk factors

OBJECTIVE: To compare the dietary intakes of free-living people with and without previously diagnosed diet-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors including a three-consecutive-day food record. SETTING: Multicentre setting in Lille (northern France), Strasbourg (north-east) and Toulouse (south-west) areas. SUBJECTS: A total of 1072 middle-aged men randomly selected from the general population: group 1 (504 men without previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factor), group 2 (377 men with one previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factor) and group 3 (191 men with two or three previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factors). INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: Total daily energy intake equalled 10731 kJ/day (standard error: 119), 9991 (138) and 9737 (166) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P<0.0001 for ANOVA comparing the three groups), and daily energy intake without alcohol equalled 9860 (115), 9096 (132) and 8654 (159) kJ/day (P<0.0001). The proportion of calories from animal proteins (in daily energy intake without alcohol) increased from group 1 to 3 (P<0.0001), whereas the proportion from oligosaccharides decreased (P<0.0001). The proportion of calories from alcohol (in total daily energy intake) increased with the number of risk factors (P<0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment for confounders. No significant group differences were found in the proportions of energy from polysaccharides, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with subjects without risk factor, significant quantitative and qualitative changes are observed in individuals with diagnosed hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or diabetes. However, lower consumptions of saturated fats and alcohol are needed.     

Dietary patterns associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in healthy US adults

BACKGROUND: Certain nutrients are well established as dietary risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but dietary patterns may be a better predictor of CVD risk. OBJECTIVE: This study tested the hypothesis that the complex dietary behaviors of US adults can be grouped into major dietary patterns that are related to risk factors for CVD. DESIGN: With the use of food-frequency questionnaire data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary patterns of healthy US adults (>/or =20 y old; n = 13 130) were identified by factor analysis. Log-transformed biomarker data were associated with major dietary patterns after control for confounding variables in regression analyses. All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. RESULTS: Of 6 dietary patterns identified, 2 patterns emerged as the most predominant: the Western pattern was characterized by high intakes of processed meats, eggs, red meats, and high-fat dairy products, and the American-healthy pattern was characterized by high intakes of green, leafy vegetables; salad dressings; tomatoes; other vegetables (eg, peppers, green beans, corn, and peas); cruciferous vegetables; and tea. The Western pattern was associated (P < 0.05) positively with serum C-peptide, serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin and inversely with red blood cell folate concentrations after adjustment for confounding variables. The American-healthy pattern had no linear relation with any of the biomarkers examined. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of common dietary patterns among free-living persons is promising for characterizing high-risk groups at the US population level. The dietary patterns identified here are similar to those reported in other nonrepresentative samples and are associated with biomarkers of CVD risk, which confirms that dietary pattern analysis can be a valuable method for assessing dietary intakes when predicting CVD risk.     

Emotional availability and attachment across generations: variations in patterns associated with infant health risk status

Background The presence of limits or distortions in the children's communicative behaviours (due to a chronic illness) may interfere with the possibility to build secure attachment relationships. Moreover, the distress that the atypical chronic illness condition brings to family life may interfere the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Methods This study evaluated the associations between maternal attachment representations, emotional availability and mother–child attachment in a clinical and in a comparison group. Forty infants (23 female) in their 14th month of life and their mothers participated in this study, 20 dyads with clinical infants (10 premature infants and 10 infants affected by atopic dermatitis) and 20 full‐term and healthy comparison infants. The Adult Attachment Interview, the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) and the Strange Situation Procedure were used to assess, respectively, the security of mothers' attachment representations, the emotional availability and the quality of mother–child attachment. Results We found that the two groups (clinical vs. comparison) did not differ with respect to the Adult Attachment Interview and the Emotional Availability Scales measures. A significant difference was found in the distribution of the infant–mother attachment patterns, with a higher incidence of insecure infants in the clinical group. In the typically developing group, more secure maternal attachment representations predicted more emotional availability in mother–infant interactions, which predicted more secure infant–mother attachments. However, we did not find similar support for intergenerational transmission of attachment in the clinical group. Conclusions We speculate that constant concerns about the child's health condition and communicative difficulties of clinical infants may hamper or even mitigate the intergenerational transmission of attachment.     

Socio-demographic variations in perspectives on cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) rates in Ireland are very high but little is known about attitudes to the disease. Qualitative attitudinal data were collected in focus group settings from 74 individuals across socio-demographic categories in order to assess knowledge of and attitudes to CHD and associated risk factors. Focus group questions were derived from group deconstruction of constructs from the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Protection Motivation Theory and Social Learning Theory. Participants were drawn from the personnel lists of local government and a health authority hospital. Eight types of groups were constructed according to the various permutations of the three variables: age, gender and occupational group. Analyses revealed good knowledge levels about risk factors among participants. However, participants exhibited mixed loci of control and low motivation to change behaviours. Men generally were less motivated to change than women; older men thought it too late and younger ones too soon. Though white and blue collar groups' views were similar, the discussion in white collar groups was more varied. Participants were sceptical about apparently contradictory medical advice which undermined motivation to change. The data complement earlier work and suggest preventative initiatives should be more focused.     

Dietary patterns associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian city]

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dietary patterns of individuals living in the urban area of S?o Paulo, Brazil, and to investigate the association between these patterns and biological, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHOD: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out with a population-based probabilistic sample. The 2,100 participants of both sexes were from 15 to 59 years of age. A sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and dietary survey was applied to a systematic subsample of 700 people. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis based on a food frequency questionnaire. Covariance analysis was used to determine the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic and behavioral variables, and multilinear regression to determine the association between dietary patterns and biological factors. RESULTS: Four patterns were identified: (1) the "cafeteria" pattern (simple sugars and saturated fat), associated with areas of medium sociodemographic and environmental homogeneity, high school and university-level schooling, and alcohol consumption; positively associated with systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); and negatively associated with HDL. (2) The "traditional" pattern (including cereals, beans, and infusion beverages) was predominant among women and in the age group over 50 years;associated with alcohol consumption, higher income, and areas of medium homogeneity; positively associated with glucose levels and BMI; and negatively associated with triglycerides and WHR. (3) The "modern" pattern (low intake of fat and simple sugars; fish) was predominant among individuals from high homogeneity areas, with higher income and university schooling;negatively associated with DAP, total cholesterol, glucose levels, and LDL. (4) The "atherogenic" pattern (saturated fat, addition of salt to cooked foods and alcohol consumption) was predominant among males; associated with elementary schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption, and areas of medium and low homogeneity; and positively associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose levels, BMI, and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an unfavorable trend in the dietary patterns of this population, since three of the four patterns identified (cafeteria, traditional, and atherogenic) are significantly associated with risk factors for CVD.     

老年前列腺癌去势患者性激素水平变化及血栓危险因素分析

目的研究老年前列腺癌患者去势后性激素水平变化,进一步探讨性激素对血栓危险因素的影响。方法选择247例>65岁老年患者,其中122例去势前列腺癌患者(去势组)、61例行根治性前列腺癌切除术的未去势前列腺癌患者(未去势组)和64例非前列腺癌(非前列腺癌组)患者。分别测定睾酮、雌激素、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、泌乳素、孕激素,同时测定了血小板计数(PLT)、花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板聚集率、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、D-二聚体(DD)、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、国际标准化比值(INR)。结果老年前列腺癌患者接受去势手术治疗后睾酮、雌激素、孕激素水平明显降低,LH、FSH显著升高,但泌乳素无明显变化,雌、雄激素比显著升高;同时AA诱导的血小板聚集率、ADP诱导的血小板聚集率、DD及FIB显著升高,INR显著降低,PT和APTT显著缩短;但PLT和AT-Ⅲ无明显变化。结论老年前列腺癌患者去势治疗后性激素水平紊乱,主要表现为睾酮、雌激素水平明显降低,但雌激素降低幅度小于雄激素;血小板和凝血活性显著增强,提示性激素水平紊乱可能参与凝血系统激活,增加血栓事件危险。     

Dietary patterns are associated with stroke in Chinese adults

We recently featured Chinese dietary patterns that were associated with obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we examined the association of those dietary patterns and risk of stroke among 26,276 Chinese adults aged ≥45 y by using data from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey and explored whether those associations were mediated by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and other cardiovascular risk factors. The traditional southern Chinese dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of rice and vegetables and moderate intakes in animal foods, was related to the lowest prevalence of stroke. Compared to the traditional southern dietary pattern, the traditional northern Chinese dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of refined cereal products, potatoes, and salted vegetables, was associated with an elevated risk of stroke [OR = 1.96 (95% CI = 1.48-2.60); P < 0.0001]. Adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors did not appreciably change the association [multivariate adjusted OR = 1.59 (95%CI = 1.16-2.17); P = 0.004]. The Western dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of beef, fruit, eggs, poultry, and seafood is also associated with an elevated risk of stroke [OR = 2.36 (95%CI = 1.82-3.06); P < 0.0001], but the associations became nonsignificant after adjustment for obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. In conclusion, we found that the traditional southern dietary pattern was related to low prevalence of stroke and the traditional northern dietary pattern was associated with an increased stroke risk. The Western dietary patterns also association with high risk of stroke, which was largely mediated by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.     

Dietary patterns are associated with disease risk among participants in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in women. A nested case-control study tested whether dietary patterns predicted CHD events among 1224 participants in the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study (WHI-OS) with centrally confirmed CHD, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarct compared to 1224 WHI-OS controls matched for age, enrollment date, race/ethnicity, and absence of CHD at baseline or follow-up. The first six principal components explained >75% of variation in dietary intakes and K-mean analysis based on these six components produced three clusters. Diet cluster 1 was rich in carbohydrate, vegetable protein, fiber, dietary vitamin K, folate, carotenoids, α-linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)], linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)], and supplemental calcium and vitamin D. Diet cluster 2 was rich in total and animal protein, arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], DHA [22:6(n-3)], vitamin D, and calcium. Diet cluster 3 was rich in energy, total fat, and trans fatty acids (all P < 0.01). Conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated diet cluster 1 was associated with lower CHD risk than diet cluster 2 (reference group) adjusted for smoking, education, and physical activity [OR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.64, 0.99); P = 0.038]. This difference was not significant after adjustment for BMI and systolic blood pressure. Diet cluster 3 was associated with higher CHD risk than diet cluster 2 [OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.57); P = 0.019], but this difference did not remain significant after adjustment for smoking, education, and physical activity. Within this WHI-OS cohort, distinct dietary patterns may be associated with subsequent CHD outcomes.     

A priori-defined dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk of stroke in a large Italian cohort

Stroke is a major cause of death. Several foods and nutrients have been linked to stroke, but their effects may be best investigated considering the entire diet. In the present EPICOR study, we investigated the association between stroke and adherence to 4 a priori-defined dietary patterns: Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Greek Mediterranean Index, and Italian Mediterranean Index. We followed 40,681 volunteers and estimated the HR and 95%CI for stroke according to dietary pattern by using multivariate Cox models with adjustment for risk factors. During a mean follow-up of 7.9 y, 178 stroke cases were diagnosed (100 ischemic, 47 hemorrhagic). Scores of 3 dietary patterns (not HEI) were inversely associated with risk of all types of stroke, with the strongest association for the Italian Index [HR = 0.47 (95%CI = 0.30-0.75); third vs. first tertile]. All patterns were significantly inversely associated with ischemic stroke except the Greek Index, with the strongest association for the Italian Index [HR = 0.37 (95%CI = 0.19-0.70); third vs. first tertile]. Only the Italian Index tended to be inversely associated with hemorrhagic stroke [HR = 0.51 (95%CI = 0.22-1.20); P = 0.07)]. These epidemiological findings suggest that adherence to any one dietary pattern investigated would protect against at least one type of stroke. For our Italian population, a diet with a high score on the Italian Index was associated with the greatest risk reduction, probably because it was conceived to capture healthy eating in the context of foods typically available in Italy.     

Dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with the risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia

Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ≥ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.     

Three distinct clustering patterns in metabolic syndrome abnormalities are differentially associated with dietary factors in Korean adults

Dietary factors are not consistently associated with metabolic syndrome abnormalities. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that distinct clustering patterns exist in metabolic syndrome abnormalities and that those patterns are differentially associated with dietary factors. To test this hypothesis, we examined distinct clustering patterns of metabolic syndrome abnormalities and their association with dietary factors in Korean adults. A total of 141 subjects were recruited through the Family Medicine Division of the General Hospital in Seoul. Subjects who had complete data on waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid indicators, and no medication usage were included in this study. Dietary intake data were obtained by multiple 24-hour recalls (2-4 days) through on-site or telephone interviews. To identify clustering patterns of metabolic syndrome abnormalities, factor analysis was used for waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Three distinct clustering patterns were identified: (1) high blood pressure, (2) dyslipidemia, and (3) high blood glucose. The high blood pressure pattern was significantly associated with higher alcohol intake and lower carbohydrate intake. The dyslipidemia pattern was significantly associated with a diet of high glycemic index and glycemic load. The high blood glucose pattern was associated with lower carbohydrate intake. Metabolic syndrome abnormalities had 3 distinct clustering patterns independently associated with dietary factors. Diets with high glycemic index and glycemic load were strongly linked with the dyslipidemia pattern, and high alcohol intake was linked with the high blood pressure pattern in Korean adults.     

Breakfast patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

The Korean diet, including breakfast, is becoming more Western, which could increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to assess whether breakfast patterns are associated with risk for metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The study subjects (n = 371; 103 men, 268 women) were employees of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances, and all subjects were between 30 and 50 years old. The data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, three-day food intake, blood pressure (BP) and blood analyses. The three breakfast patterns identified by factor analysis were "Rice, Kimchi and Vegetables", "Potatoes, Fruits and Nuts" and "Eggs, Breads and Processed meat". The "Rice, Kimchi and Vegetables" pattern scores were positively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements in men (P < 0.05) and with serum triglyceride (TG) levels in women (P < 0.05). The "Eggs, Breads and Processed meat" pattern scores correlated positively with weight, body mass index (P < 0.05) and serum TGs (P < 0.01) in men. The "Potatoes, Fruits and Nuts" pattern was associated with lower risk of elevated BP (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.88) and fasting glucose levels (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26-1.00). In contrast, the "Eggs, Breads and Processed meat" pattern was associated with increased risk of elevated TGs (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.06-3.98). Our results indicate that reducing the consumption of eggs, western grains and processed meat while increasing fruit, nut and vegetable intake for breakfast could have beneficial effects on decreasing metabolic syndrome risk in Korean adults.