脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的超声检查及临床意义

目的 采用超声检查评价脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及分布状况.方法 对100例脑梗死患者和20例健康体检者行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,根据超声检查结果将检出颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者分为稳定斑块组和易损斑块组.观察脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率,分析脑梗死与不同颈动脉斑块的关系.结果 100例脑梗死患者中有78例检出颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,其中41例检出易损斑块.20例老年健康体检者中有9例检出颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,其中3例为多发斑,6例为双侧斑.超声检查对脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的检出率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 彩色多普勒超声检查能无创评价脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性,从而有助于判断脑梗死患者缺血发生机制和评价危险因素,在高危人群筛查、指导药物和手术治疗方面有着广阔的应用前景. Abstract： Objective To evaluate state of carotid atherosclerotic plaques stability and distribution in patients with cerebral infarction by color Doppler ultrasonography.Methods Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 100 patients and 20 normal control subjects.The patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were divided into either stable -plaques and unstable -plaques groups according to the results of ultrasonography.The incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques was observed in patients with cerebral infarction.The relashionship between cerebral infarction and carotid atherosclerotic plaques with stable or unstable was analyzed.Results Seventy - eight cases in the 100 patients with cerebral infarction were detected carotid atherosclerotic plaques(78%), of this patients, 41 cases were unstable- plaques.Nine cases in the 20 normal control subjects were detected carotid atherosclerotic plaques.The detectable rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in cerebral infarction was significantly higher than that in control group(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography assess the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with cerebral infarction.thus it is helpful to estimate the mechanism of ischemia and evaluate its risk factors.So it has a wide application prospect in screening high -risk Population, guiding drug administration and Surgical intervention.     

脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄及影响因素分析

目的 分析脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的分布情况,探讨动脉粥样硬化危险因素与病变部位的关系.方法 搜集2008年7月至2010年6月间在北京大学人民医院神经内科住院的由经颅多普勒、颈动脉彩色超声、颅内磁共振血管成像和数字减影血管造影诊断存在颅内和(或)颅外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的428例脑梗死患者资料,根据血管病变部位分组,比较各组间动脉粥样硬化危险因子的差别.结果 颅内动脉病变组199例(46.5%),颅外动脉病变组129例(30.1%),颅内合并颅外动脉病变组100例(23.4%);颅内动脉病变组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇酯(LDL-C)水平高于其他两组(TC:P1=0.001,P2=0.000;LDL-C:P1=0.004,P2=0.039),颅内合并颅外动脉病变组男性比例高于颅内动脉病变组(P=0.003).结论 脑梗死患者颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄多于颅外,单纯颅内动脉狭窄组血脂控制欠佳,大多数传统的动脉粥样硬化危险因素并不是动脉狭窄发生部位的决定因子.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the distribution of atherosclerotic stenosis of cerebral arteries in Chinese patients suffered from cerebral infarction,and to determine if there are any factors correlating with intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis.Methods For this study,we enrolled 428 consecutive inpatients with cerebral infarction,All patients were examined with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and carotid duplex ultrasound to detect atherosclerotic lesions in intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries,some also were examined by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and/or digital subtraction angiography(DSA),they were all diagnosed as atherosclerotic cerebral artery stenosis.The patients were divided into three groups according to the different location of lesions,the frequency of risk factors of atherosclerosis and the demographic parameters were compared among these groups.Results 199 cases (46.5%) had only intracranial artery stenosis,129 cases (30.1%) had only extracranial artery stenosis,100 cases (23.4%) had both intracranial and extracranial stenosis (combine group).Compared with the other two groups,the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol of the intracranial artery group are both significantly higher(TC:P1 = 0.001,P2 = 0.000;LDL-C:P1 = 0.004,P2 = 0.039),the combine group had a significant higher ratio of male than that of the intracranial artery group (P =0.003),there were no any other atherosclerosis risk factors had association with the location of cerebral artery stenosis.Conclusion The occurrence of stenosis in intracranial arteries is more frequent than that in extracranil arteries in Chinese patients with cerebral infarction,and the lipid level is higher in the intracranial artery group,most risk factors of atherosclerosis may not be major determinants of location for cerebral atherosclerosis.     

Significance of the preoperative guidance of dual-source CT in carotid body tumor

Background Accurate views of the head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis and the relationship of tumor and the surrounding blood vessels are especially crucial to carotid body tumor （CBT） patients. The aim of this study was to explore the value of dual-source CT （DSCT） cerebral and carotid angiography in CBT diagnosis.Methods DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography was performed on nine patients with CBT. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction images were obtained by means of multiple planar reconstructions （MPR）,maximum intensity projection （MIP） and volume rendering （VR）. All patients were subjected to color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） examination. Two kinds of examinations were performed in 3 days, and all patients were confirmed by surgery.Results DSCT angiography was successful in all patients. CBTs were diagnosed in 9 patients with 10 lesions （1 case had multiple bilateral CBTs）. The largest lesion was 12 cm in diameter, and the smallest one was 1.6 cm in diameter. All patients had clearly demonstrated head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor relationship with the surrounding blood vessels. The internal and external carotid artery （ICA, ECA） were involved in 2 cases. There were 7 cases with basilar artery ring integrity, and 1 case had the posterior communicating artery absent; 1 case had middle cerebral artery stenosis; 4 cases （4 tumors） showed arterial phase homogeneous enhancement; 5 cases （6 tumors） had obvious heterogeneous enhancement where irregular low-density necrosis could be seen in the tumors. CDFI could demonstrate the nearby blood vessels and tumor structure, instead of tumor angiogenesis. However, DSCT can display both the tumor and the peripheral vascular tumor angiogenesis consistent with surgical findings.Conclusions DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography can provide reliable information for the operation. It might be a valuable CBT diagnostic method by showing accurate views of the CBT along with the bilateral neck and brain blood vessels.     

缺血性脑卒中牛津郡社区卒中项目亚型与颈动脉病变特点的关系

目的 观测缺血性脑卒中颅外段颈动脉狭窄的发生率及粥样硬化斑块性质;了解患者牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)分型与颅外段颈动脉病变之间的关系.方法 纳入并登记2008年1月至2009年12月郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科连续入院的缺血性脑卒中患者,行颈部双功能彩色多普勒超声检查,观测患者的颈动脉狭窄程度及粥样斑块性质.结果 符合标准的缺血性脑卒中患者854例,其中675例(79%)患者进行了颈动脉彩超检查,OCSP各亚型构成比如下:部分前循环梗死占32.7%,腔隙性脑梗死占26.1%,完全前循环梗死占23.0%,后循环梗死占18.2%.颅外段颈动脉狭窄215例(31.9%),其中颈动脉狭窄≥50%包括颈动脉闭塞在内共93例(13.8%).在386例(57.2%)患者中共检出515个粥样硬化斑块,其中不稳定斑块占51.0%,发生部位以颈动脉分叉处最常见,占61.5%(317/515).OCSP亚型间比较,重度颈动脉狭窄患者中,部分前循环梗死发生率最高(14.5%),中度颈动脉狭窄患者中,完全前循环梗死发生率最高(22.6%),且不稳定斑块的检出率最高(P＜0.05).结论 缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉病变常见,OCSP分型可能与颈动脉病变有相关性. Abstract： Objective To observe the incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis and plaque nature,and to understand the relationship between Oxfordshire community stroke project (OCSP) classification and extracranial carotid artery in ischemic stroke. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2009 in department of neurology of the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university, the consecutive patients with ischemic stroke admitted to hospital were registered, and by neck color Doppler ultrasound the degree of carotid stenosis and the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque were recorded.Results Eight hundred and fifty-four cases of ischemic stroke were registered in two years, of which 675 cases (79%) underwent carotid ultrasonography examination. The proportion of ischemic stroke subtype according to OCSP criteria was as following: 32.7% for partial anterior circulation infarcts, 23.0% for total anterior circulation infarcts, 18.2% for posterior circulation infarcts and 26.1% for lacunar infarcts. In 215 cases of extracranial carotid artery stenosis (31.9%), there were 93 cases (13.8%) with carotid artery stenosis ≥50% including occlusion. Five hundred and fifteen carotid plaques were found in 386 cases (57.2%), Composed of 263 unstable plaque (51.0%),carotid plaque were commonly seen most in the carotid bifurcation 61.5% (317/515). Among OCSP subtypes, the propotion of severe carotid artery stenosis was the highest for PACI patients and the propotion of moderate carotid artery stenosis and unstable plaque were the highest for TACI patients(P＜0.05). Conclusions Ischemic stroke patients with carotid artery disease is common, the carotid artery disease is different among OCSP subtypes, the type can be used to predict severe carotid artery stenosis.     

双源CT在颈动脉体瘤术前的指导意义

Objective To explore the value of dual-source CT（DSCT）cerebral and carotid angiography in carotid body tumor (CBT) diagnosis. Methods DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography was performed on nine patients with carotid body tumor. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction images were performed by means of multiple planar reconstructions (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR). All patients were subjected to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) examination. Two kinds of examinations were performed in 3 days, and all patients were confirmed by surgery. Results All patients were successful in DSCT angiography. Carotid body tumors were diagnosed in 9 patients with 10 lesions as; 1 case had multiple bilateral CBTs. The largest lesion was 12 cm in diameter, and the smallest one was 1.6 cm in diameter. All patients head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis, and the tumor relationship with the surrounding blood vessels were demonstrated clearly. Internal and external carotid artery (ICA, ECA) were involved in 2 cases. There were 7 cases with basilar artery ring integrity, and 1 case had the posterior communicating artery absent; 1 case had middle cerebral artery stenosis; 4 cases (4 tumors) showed arterial phase homogeneous enhancement; 5 cases (6 tumors) had obvious heterogeneous enhancement where irregular low-density necrosis could be seen in the tumors. CDFI could demonstrate the tumor and nearby blood vessels, instead of tumor angiogenesis. However, DSCT could display both the tumor and the peripheral vascular tumor angiogenesis consistent with surgical findings. Conclusion DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography might be a valuable carotid body tumor diagnostic method by showing accurate views of the carotid body tumor along with the bilateral neck and brain blood vessels, providing reliable information for the operation.     

Application of interventional diagnostic and therapeutic technique for coronary artery fine branch fistula

Objective：To explore the value of angiographic diagnosis and interventional therapy of the coronary artery fine branch fistula. Methods：All of the 18 patients with coronary artery fine branch fistula underwent selective coronary arteriography, 7 underwent interventional therapy, while 8 underwent prosthesis for coronary artery fistula （CAF） under extracorpored circulation. Results：Among 18 cases of coronary artery fine branch fistula, 7 happened in right coronary artery （38. 9%）, 11 in left coronary artery （61. 1%）. Among the 11 cases in left coronary artery,5 happened in descending anterior branch, 5 occurred in left circumflex branch, 1 arised from both left anterior branch and left circumflex branch. Among the 18 cases, there are 10 cases of coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula （55.6%）, 5 cases of fistula draining into right atrium （27.8%）, 2 cases of fistula draining into left atrium （1 1.1% ） and 1 draining into right ventricle （5.6%）. Interventional treatment was successful in 7 patients. During the 12 months＇ follow-up, there was no cardiovascular events. Conclusion： Selective coronary angiography is the first choice for diagnosing the coronary artery fine branch fistula. In respect of therapy, besides of surgical treatment, intervention is still a rather good measure presently.     

Cerebral artery reconstruction in the treatment of large and giant intracranial aneurysms.

From 1978 to 1988, 14 giant intracranial aneurysms(more than 2.4 cm in diameter) and one large aneurysm (1.5cm in diameter) were treated by extracranial/intracranial(EC/IC) bypass or cerebral artery reconstruction. Of theaneurysms, 10 were located at the intracavernous carotid ar-tery (CCA). One of the 10 anourysms was posttraumatic andlocated at both the carotid-ophthalmic artery segment and thebifurcation of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Three wereseen at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) trunk.Theaneurysms were demonstrated by angiography and CTscanning. They were treated with trapping of the aneurysm andsuperficial temporal artery (STA)/middle cerebral artery(STA-MCA) bypass with/without a graft (6 cases), cervicalICA ligation and STA-MCA bypass with / without a graft (6)aneurysm excision with an end-to-end anastomosis of theMCA and a STA-MCA bypass with a graft (1), proximal     

Cardioembolic occlusion of the internal carotid artery presented with infarction in the posterior cerebral artery territory

Posterior circulation stroke may rarely be associated with occlusive disease in the anterior circulation, such as in the context of a direct （fetal） origin of the posterior cerebral artery （PCA） from the internal carotid artery （ICA）, or in the presence of a persistent trigeminal artery （PTA） or persistent hypoglossal artery （PHA）. Usually, they happened as infarction involving both ipsilateral carotid and posterior cerebral artery territories with carotid atherosclerosis etiology.3 Here, we reported a rare case with cadioembolic occlusion of the ICA presented with infarction mainly in the PCA territory.     

Diagnostic value of dual-source CT in Kawasaki disease

Background Doppler color echocardiography is a common method for detecting coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease（KD）.However,the diagnostic accuracy for the whole coronary artery lesions is limited.The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of dual-source computed tomography （DSCT） and Doppler color echocardiography for the assessment of coronary artery lesions caused by KD.Methods Sixteen patients,12 with typical KD and 4 with atypical KD,underwent DSCT and Doppler color echocardiography.The position and internal diameter of each coronary artery lesion was measured.Correlation analysis was used to compare the diagnostic value of the two imaging modalities.Results ln the typical KD group, seven patients did not have any coronary artery Iesion as confirmed by both DSCT scans and Doppler color echocardiography;in four patients proximal coronary artery injuries were identified by both modalities;in one patient an aneurysm in the middle and distal segments of the coronary artery was detected by DSCT but was negative in Doppler color echocardiography.In the atypical KD group,three cases showed the same results with both modalities,while one case with coronary artery stenosis in the middle segment was identified by DSCT but not detected by Doppler color echocardiography.There was a good correlation between the two imaging modalities（Kappa value,0.768（≥0.75））.Conclusion DSCT coronary artery angiography is an accurate,non-invasive,and valuable technique for detecting and following up coronary artery lesions in patients with KD.     

Associations among cerebral microbleeds, cerebral large-artery diseases and endothelial function

Background Endothelial dysfunction is not only an early stage of atherosclerosis,but also involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel diseases.Patients with cerebral microbleeds （CMBs） may have arteriolosclerosis as well as systemic atherosclerosis.However,little is known about the associations among CMBs,atherosclerosis of cerebral large arteries,and endothelial function.Our study aimed to investigate the relationships among them.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.Ninety patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled consecutively between November 1,2007 and January 31,2008.All subjects underwent transcranial Doppler and carotid color duplex ultrasonography to record the intima-media thickness （IMT） of common carotid artery,carotid plaque,and cerebral artery stenosis.Brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） routine sequences and gradient recall-echo T2＊-weighted imaging were performed to count CMBs with clinical data blindness.Endothelial function was evaluated using flow-mediated dilation （FMD） and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation （NMD） of the brachial artery.FMD and NMD were examined by an experienced vascular sonographer using a high-resolution ultrasound.Results Thirty cases （33.3%） had CMBs with counts ranging from 1 to 30.Both FMD （（9.9＆#177;4.8）% vs.（15.2＆#177;7.4）%,P=0.001） and NMD （（13.7＆#177;6.1）% vs.（19.0＆#177;7.4）%,P=0.001） were significantly decreased in CMB-positive patients than in CMB-negative patients.No significant relationships were demonstrated between CMBs and intracranial and/or extracranial artery stenosis.The frequencies of CMBs in patients with IMT≥1.0 mm,carotid plaque,and extracranial artery stenosis were 37.5%,39.4%,and 47.6% respectively,with no significant difference,but much higher than in patients with IMT 〈1.0 mm （5%,P 〈0.05）.In Logistic regression analysis,impaired FMD （OR=5.783,95% CI 1.652-6.718,P=0.007） and high pulse pressure （OR=6.228,95     

单侧颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞CEA围术期的综合治疗

目的 探讨单侧颈动脉重度狭窄甚至闭塞的患者的围术期处理,寻找使患者安全平稳度过围术期的措施.方法 选择我院自2008年1月至2009年3月收治自康复科和神经内科转入我科并伴有神经功能缺陷的患者,按指定标准选入34例行颈内动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)手术.结合脑血流监测,探讨围术期对血压控制、转流管应用、抗凝及脱水治疗等方面的综合处理措施,注意全程脑保护.结果 34例患者中,除1例术中血压波动较大,估计远处栓子脱落,术后CT及MRI证实术侧多发梗死灶,1例患者未使颈内动脉再通,余患者术后恢复满意,NIHSS评分均有所下降.结论 病情稳定患者,越早手术干预颈动脉重度狭窄甚至闭塞的患者,可能对患者带来越大的收益.围术期平稳控制血压是全程脑保护的中心问题,对颈动脉重度狭窄甚至闭塞的患者尤为重要. Abstract： Objective To explore the perioperative management of patients with unilateral carotid artery severe stenosis or occlusion in order to carry the patients through the perioperative period safely.Methods In our hospital from January 2008 to March 2009,patients were treated in Rehabilitation Division and department of Neurology and transferred to our department, accompanied by neurological dysfunction in patients selected according to specified standards into the thirty-four cases CEA surgery. Combination of cerebral blood flow monitoring, to explore perioperative blood pressure control and shunt applications, anticoagulation and dehydration treatment in a comprehensive treatment measures and pay attention to whole brain protection.Results Thirty-four patients, except one case of intraoperative blood pressure fluctuations, the estimated distance off emboli, postoperative CT and MRI confirmed the surgery side of multi-infarct foci, one patient did not make the internal carotid artery recanalization, the rest patients after satisfactory recovery, NIHSS scores have been reduced.Conclusions The patients in stable condition, the earlier the surgical intervention of severe carotid artery stenosis or occlusion in patients may bring greater benefits for patients. Perioperative control of blood pressure is stable throughout the central issue of cerebral protection, right carotid artery severe stenosis or occlusion in patients is particularly important.     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者高水平血小板聚集率和预后的影响

目的 观察替罗非班在择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)急性心肌梗死患者应用过程中的高水平血小板聚集率(＞40%),及其与临床结果的关系.方法 收集2007年6月至2009年6月在河南省人民医院行择期行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者资料,满足术后12 h血小板聚集率＞40%的共140例,术后应用替罗非班组72例,未应用替罗非班的对照组68例.替罗非班的应用方法为PCI术后即刻静脉注射替罗非班10μg/kg(3 min注完),然后以0.1 μg/(kg·min)静脉滴注维持36 h.所有患者均接受皮下注射低分子肝素及口服二磷酸腺酐(ADP)受体拮抗剂和阿司匹林.观察两组患者7 d、30 d和6个月复合终点事件发生率(死亡、顽固性心肌缺血、再发心肌梗死和靶血管重建术)和出血事件.结果 替罗非班组与对照组7 d、30 d复合终点事件发生率差异无统计学意义(2.7%vs 1.5%,P＞0.05;6.9%vs 4.4%,P＞0.05);6个月复合终点事件发生率替罗非班组明显高于对照组(19.4%vs7.4%,P＜0.05).替罗非班组出血事件有增多趋势(11.1%vs 7.4%,P＞0.05),主要是穿刺点出血,两组均无颅内出血等严重出血事件发生.结论 行择期PCI的急性心肌梗死患者,替罗非班应用过程中血小板聚集率处于较高水平(40%以上)者,6个月心血管不良事件发生率增加. Abstract： Objective To observe the relationship between high (above 40% ) platelet aggregation rate(PAR) and clinical outcomes in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients undergoing selective percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI) after utiliity of tiroban. Methods The clinical materials of 140 STEMI patients with platelet aggregation rate above 40% at 12 hours after selective PCI in the People Hospital of Henan Province from June 2007 to June 2009 were collected, in which 72 patients received tirofiban 10 μg/kg by intravenous injection within 3 minutes immediately after PCI, followed by pump infusion at 0. 10 μg/( kg· min) for 36 hours and 68 patients as the control group received no tirofiaban therapy after PCI. All patients received subcutaneous low molecular heparin injection and oral ADP receptor antagonist and aspirin. Incidence of 7,30 days and 6 months composite end point events (death persistent myocardial ischemic, reinfarction and target vessel revascularization) and bleeding complications were observed in both groups. Results The 7 and 30 days end point events rates of the two groups showed no significant differences(2.7% vs 1.5%, P ＞0.05 ;6.9% vs 4.4%, P ＞0. 05, respectively) , but the 6 months end point events rates of tirofiban group was significant higher than that of the control group( 19.4% vs 7.4%, P ＜ 0.05 ). Bleeding complications occurred more frequently in the tirofiban group ( 11.1% vs 7.4% , P ＞ 0.05 ), mostly at the arterial puncturing site, but there was no intracranial hemorrhage in either group. Conclusions Myocardial infarction patients with higher platelet aggregation( above 40% ) after selective PCI, whom received tirofiban therapy,may have a higher cardiac events rates in the long term.     

彩超联合血管造影对脑梗死患者颈动脉病变的临床观察

目的通过观察脑梗死患者颈动脉颅外段的病变,分析不同类型脑梗死的发病原因。方法对59例脑梗死患者进行颈动脉彩超筛查,并进行血管造影检查,对其颈动脉病变进行回顾性分析。结果 59例脑梗死患者均有颈动脉颅外段狭窄及斑块形成,其中分水岭脑梗死组中颈动脉狭窄50%～70%的比例明显高于腔隙性脑梗死组,而腔隙性脑梗死组中颈动脉狭窄〈50%的比例明显高于分水岭脑梗死组。分水岭脑梗死组中溃疡斑的比例明显高于腔隙性脑梗死组。结论颈动脉颅外段病变与脑梗死的发生存在一定的关系,其中分水岭脑梗死的病因复杂,可同时存在颈动脉颅外段动脉狭窄及不稳定斑块,而两者在发病中起到协同作用。     

阿托伐他汀对冠心病合并充血性心力衰竭患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 研究阿托伐他汀对冠心病(CHD)合并充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆中一氧化氮(NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和内皮素(ET)的影响.方法 将68例CHD并CHF患者随机分为两组,常规治疗组(地高辛、氢氯噻嗪、硝酸异山梨酯)34例,联用组常规用药加阿托伐他汀34例,另选34例健康体健者为正常对照组.采用Greiss法测定NO水平,放射性免疫法测定治疗前后血中CGRP和ET的水平.结果 CHD并CHF患者中NO和CGRP水平明显低于正常组(P＜0.01),ET显著高于正常组(P＜0.01),治疗后均显著改善(P＜0.01),且以联用组改善更为显著,与常规组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 常规用药加阿托伐他汀能显著改善CHD合并CHF患者的NO、CGRP和ET的代谢失衡. Abstract： Objective To study the effect on levels of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin(ET) of atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery heart disease(CHD) complicated with congestive heart failure(CHF). Methods Patients with CHD complicated with CHF were divided into two groups usual medicine group(usual medicine) and atorvastatin group. The plasma CGRP and ET levels were observed before and after treatment. Results The levels of CGRP in patients with CHF were lower than that in normal group before treatment (P＜0.05),and the level of ET was higher (P＜0.05),the improvement of CGRP and ET in atorvastatin group was better than that in the usual medicine group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Atorvastatin had the action of improving the imbalance of CGRP and ET in Patients with CHD complicated with CHF.     

4排螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的临床价值

目的 探讨4排螺旋CT冠状造影在诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)中的价值.方法 收集临床上初步拟诊为冠心病的35例患者的93支血管并进行螺旋CT冠状造影和常规冠状动脉造影检查,对比分析螺旋CT冠状造影的准确性.结果 螺旋CT冠状造影发现47支冠状动脉狭窄,常规冠状动脉造影检查发现51支冠状动脉狭窄.螺旋CT冠状造影发现的44支血管狭窄与冠状动脉造影结果一致,敏感性为86.3%,特异性为100%.螺旋CT冠状造影和常规冠状动脉造影检查结果大体一致.结论 4排螺旋CT冠状造影可作为诊断冠心病的一种无创筛选检查方法,提高了冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的符合率. Abstract： Objective To explore the diagnosticclinical value of 4 -detector row spiral CT with coronary artery disease. Methods Spiral CT coronary angiography (CTCA) and conventionalcoronary angiography(CAG) were used in 93 arteries of 35 coronary artery disease patients. To analysis the precise level of CTCA through contrasting. Results CTCA showed the angiostegnosis with 47coronary arteries,CAG showed theangiostegnosis with 51coronary arteries. The angiostegnosis results of 44 coronary arteries were same with CTCA and CAG. The total sensitivity of CTCA was 86.3% , and specificity was 100%.The results of CTCA and CCA were coincidentalin general. Conclusions 4 - detector row spiral CT can be used as a noninvasive screening method for the patients with suspected coronary artery disease, and the coincidence ratewasincreased ofcoronary angiography with coronary artery disease.     

替罗非班治疗不同时间拔除动脉鞘管的急性冠状动脉综合征患者的安全性

目的 探讨不同时间拔除动脉鞘管对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血管并发症的影响,并探讨其与术后替罗非班应用的关系.方法 将150例急性冠状动脉综合征患者随机分为观察组(A组)73例和对照组(B组)77例,A组于PCI术后即刻拔除动脉鞘管,B组于PCI术后留置4 h后拔除动脉鞘.观察两组出血及拔管后压迫止血15 min后出血率.结果 对照组出血率较观察组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).拔管后压迫止血15 min后,对照组出血率较观察组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCI术后即刻拔除动脉鞘管可以预防和减少血管并发症的发生,尤其应用替罗非班更适合早期拔管. Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of removing artery sheath catheter at different time points on blood vessel complications after PCI operation and evaluate whether tirofiban was associated with them. Methods The study was a parallel - group, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 150 patients with ACS who underwent selective PCI were randomly assigned to one of two treatment regimens , tirofiban was predominantly initiated in the catheter laboratory after the patients underwent selective PCI. In observation group of 73 patients, artery sheath catheter was removed immediate after PCI, while in control group of 77 patients, it was removed 4 h after PCI. The incidence of blood vessel complications in two groups were compared. Results There were more bleeding events happened in the control group compared with the observative group, and there was significantly differences between the two groups ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions Immediate removal of the artery sheath catheter after PCI operation could prevent and reduce the occurrence of the blood vessel complications and is more suitable for patients treated with tirofiban.     

D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原在冠心病中的临床意义

目的 研究D-二聚体(D-Dimer,DD)与纤维蛋白原(Fg)的含量在冠心病患者中的差异.方法 将入选的130例经冠状动脉造影(CAG)的患者分为确诊的冠心病组94例与正常对照组36例,其中冠心病组又分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组25例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组36例和稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组33例;再将冠心病组按CAG结果分为轻度病变组24例、中度病变组27例和重度病变组43例.用免疫透射比浊法分别测定DD、Fg含量进行比较.结果 AMI、UAP两组DD、Fg含量及阳性检出率明显高于SAP和对照组(P＜0.05),AMI组的DD、Fg含量明显高于UAP组(P＜0.05),重度病变组DD、Fg含量高于轻、中度病变组(P＜0.05).结论 联合检测DD与Fg在冠心病的诊断中具有重要的临床意义. Abstract： Objective To examine the diversity of D -dimer(DD) and fibrinogen (Fg)in the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods The 130 subjects were divided into CHD group(94 cases) which were confirmed by coronary artery angiography(CAG) and control group (36 cases). CHD group was divided into acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (25 cases), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group (36 cases) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) group ( 33 cases). In addition, CHD group was divided into slight (24 cases), moderate (27 cases)and severe (43 cases)lesion groups according to the outcome of CAG. The levels of DD and Fg were measured respectively and compared among all groups. Results The levels of DD, Fg in AMI and UAP groups were significantly elevated as compared with that of SAP and control groups ( P＜0.05), and DD, Fg in AMI group were higher than that of UAP group. The levels of DD and Fg in severe lesion group were higher than that of moderate and slight groups ( P＜0.05 ). Conclusions To measure the levels of DD and Fg simultaneously has important clinical significance in CHD.     

Thirty-day outcome of carotid artery stenting in Chinese patients: a single-center experience

Background Carotid artery stenting （CAS） as a competing treatment modality has had to adhere to limits to gain widespread acceptance in some studies. This study analyzed the clinical data of 1700 consecutive patients after CAS to retrospectively evaluate the 30-day outcome of CAS for internal carotid artery stenosis in a Chinese population. Methods Medical records of 1700 patients who underwent CAS at Xuanwu Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2001 and August 2012 were reviewed. Postoperative 30-day complication rates were analyzed and compared with those of other studies. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with perioperation myocardial infarction （MI）, stroke, and death.     

椎动脉优势与基底动脉弯曲的关系及其对脑梗死发生的影响

目的研究椎动脉优势与基底动脉弯曲的关系及其对脑桥或小脑后下动脉供血区脑梗死发生的影响。方法选取神经内科收治的小脑后下动脉供血区或脑桥处梗死急性期的患者112例。通过分析患者的影像学资料,了解其脑梗死、双侧椎动脉和基底动脉的情况,并分析发生中重度基底动脉弯曲的危险因素。结果左侧椎动脉优势77例(68.75%),右侧椎动脉优势35例(31.25%),中重度基底动脉弯曲59例(52.68%)。随着椎动脉直径差异级别的升高,原发性高血压病、中重度基底动脉弯曲的发生率显著增高,右侧椎动脉直径显著变小,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。基底动脉中重度弯曲患者的平均年龄、原发性高血压病的比例、椎动脉直径差异3级的比例均显著高于无基底动脉中重度弯曲的患者,而椎动脉直径差异1级的患者比例则显著低于无基底动脉中重度弯曲的患者(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,椎动脉直径差异为中重度基底动脉弯曲的独立危险因素(OR=2.79,95%CI 1.24～6.08,P=0.001)。结论双侧椎动脉直径差异越大,基底动脉弯曲程度越大,发生脑桥和小脑后下动脉供血区脑梗死的风险越高。