采用基于体素的形态测量学方法研究肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者脑灰质的改变

目的 利用基于体素的形态测量学方法(VBM)评价肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者的脑灰质体积变化及其与临床特征之间的相关性.方法 选取27例ALS患者和年龄、性别匹配的27名正常志愿者,采用VBM分析两组之间的全脑灰质体积和7个先验ROI:包括双侧中央前回,中央后回、额上、中、下回、额内侧回及岛叶灰质体积的改变;以P＜0.05[簇水平错误校正(FWE校正)]为差异有统计学意义.并使用偏相关分析,以年龄为控制因素,提取差异区域平均灰质密度与疾病严重程度评分、病程及疾病进展率进行相关性分析.结果 全脑灰质体积比较显示左侧中央前回、左侧中央后回、左侧额上回局部灰质体积减少,差异有统计学意义(统计体素数目分别为388、112、127,Z值分别为4.83、4.09、6.42,P值均＜0.05,FWE校正).ROI分析显示左侧中央前回、右侧中央前回、左侧中央后回、左侧额上回和左侧岛叶灰质体积减少,差异有统计学意义(统计体素数目分别为1104、34、114、91、107,Z值分别为5.87、3.71、4.26、6.29、3.51,P值均＜0.05,FWE校正).所有局部灰质体积减少程度与各临床指标间未发现有统计学差异的线性关系.结论 ALS可出现运动皮层及非运动皮层多个脑区灰质体积减少,进一步证实ALS系一种多系统变性病.相对于全脑比较,ROI分析能敏感地揭示更广泛的脑区改变.VBM所揭示的结构改变与临床指标之间缺乏相关性,考虑与病情本身的异质性和方法学的敏感性有关.     

应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法显示强迫症患者脑灰质异常

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.     

应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法显示强迫症患者脑灰质异常

目的 运用优化的基于体素的形态学方法(VBM)研究中国汉族人群强迫症(OCD)患者脑灰质结构异常以及与临床症状的相关性.方法 选取20例OCD患者和年龄、性别匹配的20名正常对照者,进行高分辨3.0 T MR扫描,在统计参数图(SPM)5软件中采用优化的VBM方法处理三维T1结构像,然后比较OCD患者与正常对照组脑灰质体积的差异.并提取代表OCD患者有差异脑区体积平均值的特征值,与临床评分以及病程进行Pearson相关性分析.结果 与正常对照组相比,经过错误发现率(FDR)校正,OCD患者双侧丘脑以及左侧小脑的灰质体积增大,同时没有发现OCD患者相对正常对照组灰质体积减小的区域.代表OCD患者左侧丘脑体积特征值为0.5782～0.8890,平均为0.6813±0.0718,右侧丘脑体积特征值为0.5546～0.9062,平均为0.6869±0.0808,两者呈正相关(r=0.94,P＜0.01).结论 运用优化的VBM方法发现,OCD患者双侧丘脑及左侧小脑灰质体积增加,为OCD患者临床症状学的差异提供了脑结构的神经影像学证据,提示双侧丘脑以及小脑在OCD发生的病理生理机制当中具有重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.     

应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法显示强迫症患者脑灰质异常

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.     

帕金森病的脑灰质体积改变的VBM研究

目的 分析帕金森病(PD)患者的全脑灰质体积的变化,探讨PD患者的脑灰质结构异常模式.方法 选取符合入组标准的46例PD患者和19例年龄、性别与之相匹配的正常对照(NC)被试者作为研究对象.46例PD患者按改良的Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y)分级标准又分为2个亚组,25例早期PD(ePD)组和21例中晚期PD(maPD)组.所有受试者在3.0T超高场磁共振仪进行常规磁共振扫描,并获取三维高分辨T1WI数据,采用VBM-DARTEL(voxel-based morphometry-diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie)方法分析比较PD组与NC组、ePD组与maPD组间的脑灰质体积差异.结果 与NC组相比,PD组双侧额叶、颞叶、岛叶、扣带回、海马、梭状回、小脑及右侧楔叶、楔前叶等脑区的灰质体积减小,全脑灰质未见体积增加.与ePD组相比,maPD组双侧额叶、颞叶、岛叶、扣带回、直回、舌回、梭状回、海马、杏仁核及小脑等脑区的灰质体积减小.结论 VBM方法客观提示了PD存在广泛的脑灰质萎缩,且随病程的进展更为显著.PD脑结构的变化存在特定的空间分布模式,可能与PD的病理基础有关.     

应用基于体素的MR形态测量学分析抽动秽语综合征患儿脑灰质体积变化

目的 应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)技术,分析抽动秽语综合征(TS)患儿全脑灰质异常情况.方法 选取31例TS患儿(TS组)和与之年龄、性别匹配的50名正常儿童(正常对照组)进行3DT1WI.利用基于统计参数图(SPM)2软件的VBM 2工具箱对扫描获得的图像进行预处理,对TS患儿和正常儿童的全脑灰质体积采用t检验进行比较.将灰质体积差异区域的改变值提取出来,与临床耶鲁综合抽动严重程度评分量表(YGTSS)评分、病程进行多元线性分析.结果 应用VBM方法,发现TS组的左顶上小叶、右小脑半球、左海马旁回灰质体积较对照组增大,增加体积分别为4059、2126、84 mm3,其差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.93、3.71、3.58,P值均＜0.05).延髓和左桥脑体积较对照组减小,减小体积分别为213、117 mm3(t值分别为3.53、3.48,P值均＜0.05).体积差异区域的体积改变值与临床YGTSS评分无相关性(P＞0.05),左海马旁回灰质体积与患儿病程呈负相关(Beta=-0.391,P=0.039).结论 VBM能够显示常规MRI表现正常的TS患儿的灰质异常.颡顶叶和小脑体积增加可能是TS患儿的适应性反应,左海马旁回灰质体积可能是评价TS患者预后的一项客观指标.     

Increased gray matter density in the parietal cortex of mathematicians: a voxel-based morphometry study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The training to acquire or practicing to perform a skill, which may lead to structural changes in the brain, is called experience-dependent structural plasticity. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the presence of experience-dependent structural plasticity in mathematicians' brains, which may develop after long-term practice of mathematic thinking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six volunteer mathematicians, who have been working as academicians, were enrolled in the study. We applied an optimized method of voxel-based morphometry in the mathematicians and the age- and sex-matched control subjects. We assessed the gray and white matter density differences in mathematicians and the control subjects. Moreover, the correlation between the cortical density and the time spent as an academician was investigated. RESULTS: We found that cortical gray matter density in the left inferior frontal and bilateral inferior parietal lobules of the mathematicians were significantly increased compared with the control subjects. Furthermore, increase in gray matter density in the right inferior parietal lobule of the mathematicians was strongly correlated with the time spent as an academician (r = 0.84; P < .01). Left-inferior frontal and bilateral parietal regions are involved in arithmetic processing. Inferior parietal regions are also involved in high-level mathematic thinking, which requires visuospatial imagery, such as mental creation and manipulation of 3D objects. CONCLUSION: The voxel-based morphometric analysis of mathematicians' brains revealed increased gray matter density in the cortical regions related to mathematic thinking. The correlation between cortical density increase and the time spent as an academician suggests experience-dependent structural plasticity in mathematicians' brains.     

Cerebral and cerebellar gray matter reduction in first-episode patients with major depressive disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study

Purpose

To investigate cerebral and cerebellar gray matter abnormalities in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD).

Materials and methods

We examined the structural difference in regional gray matter density (GMD) between 22 first-episode MDD patients and 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls by optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) based on magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, MDD patients showed decreased GMD in the right medial and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral temporal pole, right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral anterior insular cortex, left parahippocampal gyrus, and left cerebellum. In addition, in MDD patients, there was a negative correlation between GMD values of the right DLPFC and the score of the depression rating scale.

Conclusions

Our findings provided additional support for the involvement of limbic-cortical circuits in the pathophysiology of MDD and preliminary evidence that a defect involving the cerebellum may also be implicated.     

酒精成瘾者的体素全脑形态测量学分析

目的：应用基于体素的形态测量学( VBM)方法分析酒精成瘾患者脑结构的变化。方法 采用3.0T超导MR系统,对15例酒精成瘾者（患者组）和15例年龄和性别与之相匹配的正常成年志愿者（对照组）行MR脑结构像扫描,并应用VBM方法对图像进行分析,全脑体积的比较采用成组t检验。结果 酒精成瘾者局部灰质体积明显萎缩脑区为左侧...     

基于体素的形态测量学方法对慢性类风湿关节炎患者脑灰质的MR研究

目的 应用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法分析慢性类风湿关节炎(RA)患者相对于健康志愿者脑灰质改变的特点及规律.方法 收集35例慢性RA患者和30例年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的健康对照者,使用GE Signa HDxt 1.5T超导MR扫描仪对所有受试者行高分辨率3D-T1全脑结构扫描,利用SPM 12软件的VBM 12方法对扫描图像进行预处理,对慢性RA患者和正常志愿者脑灰质体积采用双样本t检验,探讨慢性RA患者脑灰质改变的特点及其与临床指标的相关性.结果 与对照组相比,VBM结果显示慢性RA患者右侧豆状核,左侧额叶及左侧小脑后叶脑灰质减少,差异脑区脑灰质与临床指标之间无线性相关性.本研究未发现慢性RA组脑灰质比正常对照组增大的区域.结论 慢性RA患者脑灰质减小,提示RA可导致脑结构异常,VBM为评价RA脑形态学异常提供了客观的影像学依据.     

Assessment of gray matter heterotopia by magnetic resonance imaging

AIM:To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) features of different types of gray matter heterotopia.METHODS:Between June 2005 and December 2009,the medical records and MRI studies of patients with gray matter heterotopia were reviewed.The MRI morphologic findings of heterotopia were recorded along with the presence and type of associated cranial malformations.Available clinical and electrophysiological data were also recorded.RESULTS:20 patients were included in the study.Their ages ranged from 9 mo to 39 years with a mean age of 15 years.All patients suffered from epileptic seizures.According to the location of heterotopia,patients were classified into three groups:subependymal(12),subcortical(5) and band(3) heterotopia.CONCLUSION:MRI was useful in diagnosing and differentiating between various types of gray matter heterotopia.The severity of clinical manifestations of heterotopia was related to the location and pattern of heterotopia.Determination of heterotopia type and its extent is useful for management planning and predicting prognosis.     

采用基于体素的形态测量学比较分析不同核型特纳综合征患儿全脑灰质的变化

目的 利用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法,探测不同核型特纳综合征(TS)患儿脑灰质体积异常的差异.方法 19例染色体核型为45XO的单体型TS患儿和21例杂合核型的TS患儿以及20名正常儿童(对照组)进行了韦氏智力测量和3.0TMR扫描.单体型TS患儿组、杂合型TS患儿组和对照组的全脑高分辨率T1WI图像采用统计参数图(SPM)8软件包进行VBM分析,以全脑灰质总体积为协变量,比较3组之间全脑灰质体积的差别,采用功能神经图像分析软件AFNI软件包中的蒙特卡洛模拟方法(AlphaSim方法)进行簇水平上的多重比较校正.结果 单体型TS组患儿韦氏总智商值为(89±16)分,杂合型TS组为(91±13)分,而对照组韦氏总智商值为(109±15)分,3组智商差异具有统计学意义(F=10.75,P＜0.05).与对照组比较,单体型TS组及杂合型TS组均表现双侧楔叶、中央后回、扣带回灰质体积减小,差异有统计学意义(单体型TS组统计区体素数目分别4117、1392、1085,t值分别为5.75、5.33、5.02;杂合型TS组统计区体素数目为4501、2437、591,t值分别为5.40、5.11、4.95,P值均＜0.01,FWE校正);两组TS患儿均在眶额回、海马旁回、小脑、岛叶,右侧颞极、纹状体,中脑背侧灰质体积增加,差异有统计学意义(单体型TS组统计区体素数目分别为1444、1188、791、725、695、431、386,t值分别为5.01、5.96、5.67、5.23、4.85、4.43、4.94;杂合型TS组统计区体素数目分别为6988、2709、2510、2380、1987、1709、1185,t值分别为6.50、7.06、7.26、5.27、5.71、6.02、4.56,P值均＜0.01,FWE校正).单体型TS组与杂合型TS组比较,杂合型TS组在左侧海马、纹状体较单体型TS组灰质体积增加(体素数目分别为1014、496,中心坐标t值分别为4.75和4.53,P值均＜0.01,FWE校正),在右侧缘上回灰质体积减少(体素数目为350,中心坐标t值为4.28,P＜0.01,FWE校正),差异有统计学意义.结论 单体型与杂合型TS患儿均存在顶枕叶的萎缩,说明单体型与杂合型TS导致的脑皮层发育障碍类似;而杂合型TS患儿双侧前额叶、颞叶与小脑的体积增加区域较单体型更为广泛,提示杂合型TS可能更多利用这些脑区进行代偿.     

应用基于体素的形态测量学方法分析视神经脊髓炎患者的脑体积变化

目的 应用基于体素的形态测量学方法(VBM)比较视神经脊髓炎(NMO)患者和正常志愿者局部脑灰质和白质的体积差异,并分析脑体积变化与临床指标的相关性.方法 对20例NMO患者和20例性别、年龄匹配的健康志愿者进行常规MRI和三维结构像扫描,采用统计参数图(SPM)5的VBM工具对NMO组及对照组数据进行分析,比较两组之间脑灰质和白质体积的差异.利用Pearson相关分析脑灰、白质异常的区域与患者病程和临床评分的相关性.结果 与对照组相比,NMO患者右侧额下回(体素数514)、左侧颞上回(282)、右侧颞中回(229)及右侧岛叶(211)等多个灰质脑区体积减小(t值为3.58～5.11,P值均＜0.05);NMO患者右侧中央前回、后回(体素数457、110)、左侧额中回(285)及右侧顶下小叶(231)等多个皮层下白质脑区体积减小(t值为2.90～4.25,P值均＜0.05).NMO脑灰、白质体积异常的区域与临床病程及残疾状态评分均无明显相关性.结论 应用VBM方法能发现NMO患者灰、白质局部脑区的萎缩,为NMO脑结构异常提供影像证据.     

Brain involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study

Objectives

To investigate structural brain changes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 18 IBD patients (aged 45.16?±?14.71 years) and 20 aged-matched control subjects. The imaging protocol consisted of a sagittal-FLAIR, a T1-weighted high-resolution three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo sequence, and a multisession spin-echo echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequence. Differences between patients and controls in brain volume and diffusion indices were evaluated using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) methods, respectively. The presence of white-matter hyperintensities (WMHIs) was evaluated on FLAIR images.

Results

VBM revealed decreased grey matter (GM) volume in patients in the fusiform and the inferior temporal gyrus bilaterally, the right precentral gyrus, the right supplementary motor area, the right middle frontal gyrus and the left superior parietal gyrus (p?p?Conclusions Patients with IBD show an increase in WMHIs and GM atrophy, probably related to cerebral vasculitis and ischaemia. Decreased AD in major white matter tracts could be a secondary phenomenon, representing Wallerian degeneration.

Key Points

? There is evidence of central nervous system involvement in IBD. ? Diffusion tensor imaging detects microstructural brain abnormalities in IBD. ? Voxel based morphometry reveals brain atrophy in IBD.     

Gray matter abnormalities in Internet addiction: A voxel-based morphometry study

Background

This study aims to investigate brain gray matter density (GMD) changes in adolescents with Internet addiction (IA) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis on high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images.

Methods

Eighteen IA adolescents and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls took part in this study. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on the two groups. VBM analysis was used to compare the GMD between the two groups.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, IA adolescents had lower GMD in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, left insula, and left lingual gyrus.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that brain structural changes were present in IA adolescents, and this finding may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of IA.     

鼻咽癌放射治疗后颞叶常规MRI表现正常脑白质的扩散张量成像初步研究

目的 利用DTI对鼻咽癌患者放疗后颞叶常规MRI表现正常脑白质进行监测.方法 回顾性分析经病理活检证实的75例鼻咽癌患者的临床和影像资料,所有患者均行全脑常规MR和DTI检查,且常规MRI未见异常.以放疗前的18例患者作为对照组,放疗后的57例患者为放疗组,并根据放疗后不同时间分为5组:组1(放疗后≤3个月,16例)、组2(放疗后＞3～6个月,12例)、组3(放疗后＞6 ～9个月,10例)、组4(放疗后＞9 ～12个月,8例)、组5(放疗后＞12个月,11例).测量各组患者的部分各向异性分数(FA)、平均扩散系数(MD)、表观扩散系数(ADC)、平行本征值(入‖)及垂直本征值(λ⊥),采用单因素方差分析对各组数据进行分析.结果 对照组及放疗后各组的平均λ⊥值分别为(6.075±0.341)×10-4、(6.700±0.379)×10-4、(6.976±0.527)×10-4、(6.621 ±0.388)×10-4、(6.751±0.460)×10-4、(6.222±0.256)×10-4 mm2/s,λ‖值分别为( 12.524 ±0.713)×10-4、( 11.764±0.574)×10-4、(11.842±0.471)×10-4、( 11.569±0.552)×10-4、(12.050 ±0.614)× 10-4、( 12.100±0.529)×10-4 mm2/s,FA值分别为0.452±0.030、0.379±0.028、0.382±0.028、0.389±0.032、0.388±0.022、0.423±0.232,各组间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为10.485、4.625、16.539,P值均＜0.05).进一步多重比较,放疗后12个月内(组1～4)的平均λ⊥值均较放疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而放疗12个月后(组5)的平均λ⊥值基本恢复,与放疗前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).放疗后9个月内(组1～3)的平均λ‖值较放疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);9个月以后(组4、5)的平均λ‖值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有放疗后组(组1～5)的平均FA值均比放疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).放疗后各组平均ADC及MD值对比放疗前差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 DTI可以在常规MRI发现异常之前检测到脑组织特别是白质微观结构的改变,可以为临床早期诊断和早期干预放射性损伤提供更多影像学证据.     

Comparison of grey matter atrophy between patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: a voxel-based morphometry study

Purpose

Previous studies have established regional grey matter (GM) loss in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether there is any regional GM atrophy in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and the difference between NMO and MS is unclear. The present study addresses this issue by voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Methods

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted three-dimensional MRI were obtained from 26 NMO patients, 26 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients, and 26 normal controls. An analysis of covariance model assessed with cluster size inference was used to compare GM volume among three groups. The correlations of GM volume changes with disease duration, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and brain T2 lesion volume (LV) were analyzed.

Results

GM atrophy was found in NMO patients in several regions of frontal, temporal, parietal lobes and insula (uncorrected, p < 0.001). While extensive GM atrophy was found in RRMS patients, including most cortical regions and the deep grey matter (corrected for multiple comparisons, p < 0.01). Compared with NMO, those with RRMS had significant GM loss in bilateral thalami, caudate, left parahippocampal gyrus, right hippocampus and insula (corrected, p < 0.01). In RRMS group, regional GM loss in right caudate and bilateral thalami were strongly correlated with brain T2LV.

Conclusions

Our study found the difference of GM atrophy between NMO and RRMS patients mainly in deep grey matter. The correlational results suggested axonal degeneration from lesions on T2WI may be a key pathogenesis of atrophy in deep grey matter in RRMS.     

单体型特纳综合征患儿全脑灰、白质基于体素的形态学分析

目的 利用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法,探测单体型特纳综合征(TS)患儿脑灰、白质体积的异常.方法 选取9例染色体核型为45XO的单体型TS患儿(TS组)和20名正常女童(对照组),进行了韦氏智力测量和3.0TMR扫描.TS组和对照组的全脑高分辨率T1WI采用统计参数图SPM 8软件包进行VBM分析,以全脑灰、白质总体积为协变量,以协方差分析比较单体型TS患儿和对照组之间全脑灰、白质体积的差别,采用功能神经图像分析软件包(AFNI)中的蒙特卡洛模拟方法(即AlphaSim方法)进行簇水平上的多重比较校正.结果 TS组患儿韦氏总智商值为81±13,而对照组儿童韦氏总智商值为109±16,两组儿童智商差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.70,P＜0.05).与对照组比较,单体型TS患儿右侧顶上小叶、中央后回、楔叶、楔前叶、距状皮层,左侧枕叶中下部灰质体积减小,差异有统计学意义(统计区体素数目分别为631、525、520个,t值分别为3.95、3.50、3.36,P值均＜0.05);双侧辅助运动区、额上回内侧,右侧扣带回中部,左侧颞上、中、下回,左侧额上、中、下回,左侧小脑,左侧海马、海马旁回,左侧梭状回灰质体积增加,差异有统计学意义(统计区体素数目分别为2082、974、1708、588、579个,t值分别为5.45、4.59、4.40、4.29、3.55,P值均＜0.05).白质体积比较的结果表明,单体型TS患儿左侧中央后回及顶下小叶的白质体积较对照组减小,差异具有统计学意义(体素数目957,t=5.85,P＜0.05).结论 TS患儿存在脑灰、白质发育的异常,该异常改变可能是单体型TS患儿认知功能障碍的神经病理学基础.     

Magnetization transfer imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal-appearing white matter in late-life major depression

PURPOSE: To examine the relationships between the damaged macromolecular pool seen on magnetization transfer (MT) imaging and cerebral metabolic changes recorded by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in frontal white and gray matter regions of late-life MDD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MT imaging and MRS were performed on eight patients with late-life MDD and eight age-matched healthy controls. MT ratios were calculated using the on-resonance and off-resonance images. Correlations were computed between MT ratios and the ratios of several metabolites, including choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), to creatine (Cr). RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations were found in white matter between the MT ratios and mI/Cr (r = -0.90, N = 7, P = 0.016), and between the MT ratios and (NAA + NAAG)/Cr (r = -0.89, N = 8, P = 0.007). No significant correlations were found in gray matter or between the MT ratios and NAA/Cr or Cho/Cr in white matter. CONCLUSION: Changes in the white matter macromolecular protein pool, observed as reduced MT ratios, may be related to changes in the mI and the total NAA pools. These findings may have implications for the pathophysiology of late-life major depression.