噁唑烷酮醚类化合物的合成及其Ⅹa因子抑制活性

以利伐沙班结构为基础,根据其与Ⅹa因子相互作用的特点对其进行结构改造,设计并合成了一系列未见报道的GFDA2唑烷酮醚类化合物(7a~7m)。所合成化合物结构均经IR,¹H NMR和MS确证,并测定了目标衍生物Ⅹa因子抑制活性。实验数据表明,所合成化合物均表现出了一定的Ⅹa因子抑制活性,但活性低于利伐沙班。     

1-(1H-1, 2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2, 4-二氟苯基)-3-取代-2-丙醇类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性

目的研究具有正丁基和三氮唑侧链结构的三唑醇类化合物的抗真菌活性。方法设计合成了16个1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-取代-2-丙醇类化合物,其结构都经过1HNMR和LC-MS确证。选择8种临床常见的真菌为实验菌株,进行体外抑菌活性测试。结果初步的体外抗真菌测试结果表明,所合成的化合物都有一定的抗真菌活性,其中化合物7b、7d、7 e和7 i对除薰烟曲霉菌外7种菌株的抑菌活性优于对照药氟康唑,与伊曲康唑相当。结论引入正丁基和三氮唑侧链的目标化合物都具有一定的抗真菌活性。     

3-取代三唑类抗真菌化合物的设计、合成及体外抗真菌活性

目的合成1,2,3-三唑侧链取代三唑醇类化合物并考察其体外抗真菌活性。方法设计合成了21个三唑醇类新化合物,所得化合物结构都经过1HNMR、MS确证;选择8种真菌为实验菌株,进行体外抗真菌活性测试。结果所合成的化合物均具有一定的体外抗真菌活性,其中化合物7{1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2,4二氟苯基)-3-[N,N-(4-亚甲基-1-取代苄基-1H-1,2,3三唑)]-2-丙醇}对白色念珠菌的MIC80值为0.25μg/ml,是氟康唑活性的4倍,化合物Ⅵ{1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2,4二氟苯基)-3-(N,N-二炔丙基)-2-丙醇}对白色念珠菌的MIC80值为0.0156μg/ml,是氟康唑活性的64倍,是伊曲康唑的4倍。结论利用13偶极加成反应可以方便地在化合物中引入1,2,3-三唑基;较大的侧链结构可能不利于目标化合物活性的提高。     

2-\[(1-取代苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲硫基\]-5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-二唑化合物的合成及抗真菌活性

[摘要] 目的：寻找高效抗真菌化合物,探讨2-[(1-取代苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲硫基]-5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑化合物的构效关系。方法：设计合成了20个2-[(1-取代苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲硫基]-5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑化合物,用微量液基稀释法测定化合物对6种临床常见致病真菌:白念珠菌、新生隐球菌、热带念珠菌(Candida tropicalis)、近平滑念珠菌、红色毛癣菌、克鲁氏假丝酵母的体外抑菌活性。结果：体外抗真菌活性测试结果表明,所合成的目标化合物对所测菌株均具有一定的体外抗真菌活性。其中化合物8m, 8o对白色念珠菌的抑制活性约为氟康唑,酮康唑的3倍;化合物8a, 8e, 8k, 8l, 8n 和 8p对白色念珠菌的抑制活性也较氟康唑,酮康唑强。结论：所合成的化合物中,苯环上连有体积较小取代基的化合物抗真菌活性较好。 [关键词] 合成;噁二唑;抗真菌活性     

氮唑类衍生物的合成及抗乳腺癌细胞增殖活性

目的 以抗真菌药酮康唑为先导化合物,设计合成一类新型、高效、低毒的氮唑类衍生物,探究其抗乳腺癌细胞增殖活性.方法 根据前期酮康唑与雌激素受体的计算机模拟对接结果,保留先导化合物酮康唑分子母核结构中的2,4-二氯苯基和三氮唑环,对侧链进行改造,合成了11个氮唑类衍生物.以他莫昔芬为阳性对照药,以乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7为测试瘤株,用MTT法测定目标化合物的体外抗乳腺癌细胞增殖活性.结果和结论 合成的目标化合物均为首次报道,并经1HNMR和13CNMR确证结构.大多数目标化合物对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB231的抑制活性优于阳性对照药他莫昔芬.     

新型1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性研究

目的:设计合成新型四氢异喹啉类抗真菌化合物.方法:以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯乙胺为起始原料,经Pictet-Spengler 反应、中和反应、取代反应、酸性裂解等反应合成目标化合物,并进行体外抗真菌活性研究. 结果:设计合成了12个新型四氢异喹啉类化合物,12个目标化合物均为首次报道.所有目标化合物均有抗真菌活性,其中化合物6～8、 10～12对4种测试菌的抗菌活性均强于或相当于氟康唑. 结论:设计合成的目标分子是一类新型的抗真菌化合物.此类化合物具有进一步研究开发的价值.     

咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶类化合物的合成和抗炎活性

目的:研究具有咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶结构化合物的合成和抗炎活性.方法:在咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶的结构基础上,合成2-位和3-位上有两个芳香性取代基的咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶类化合物(5a～5o),并对所合成的化合物进行二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型抗炎活性实验.结果:合成的15个未见报道的目标化合物结构经元素分析,红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱确证;初步生物活性测试表明,多数化合物具有不同程度的抗炎活性,其中化合物5d,5f和5l的活性较好.结论:与布洛芬相比,咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶类化合物能保持中等的抗炎活性,2-位和3-位被两个相邻的芳基取代可以改善COX-2的抑制作用.     

美西律衍生物的合成及其抗惊厥活性

以美西律为先导化合物,合成了5个美西律的氮酰化衍生物Ⅲa-e和3个肟醚类化合物Ⅳa-c。氮酰化物用酰氯法合成,环状的酰亚胺衍生物以相应的二元酸酐为酰化剂,经单酰胺中间体,在适当的催化剂存在下脱水环合。肟醚类化合物采用酮肟钠盐与相应的氯苄反应制备。所合成的化合物经小鼠抗电惊厥试验,N-(1-甲基-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)乙基)丁酰亚胺有一定抗惊厥活性,其它化合物无活性。     

1-烃基(或氢)-3-[4-(5-取代苯并咪(噻)唑-2-巯基)苯基]硫脲的合成及其iNOS抑制活性

目的:设计和合成出新的硫脲衍生物并研究其对iNOS的抑制活性.方法:以2-巯基-5-取代苯并咪(噻)唑(1)为原料,经缩合和还原得到2-(4-氨基苯硫基)-5-取代苯并咪(噻)唑(3),3与异硫氰酸苯甲酰酯反应后再水解得到单取代的硫脲(5),或3与异硫氰酸烃基酯反应得到1,3-双取代硫脲(6).按NO试剂盒方法测定了目标化合物的iNOS抑制活性.结果和结论:合成了13个未见文献报道的硫脲衍生物,其结构经IR,1HNMR,MS及元素分析确证.初步的药理试验表明,13个目标化合物均有不同程度的iNOS抑制活性,其中化合物6e～6i的iNOS抑制活性强于阳性对照药氨基胍.     

氨噻肟唑头孢菌素的合成

本文以7-ACA为原料制备了7-ACT,再以DCC为缩合剂与侧链2(2-氯乙酰氨基噻唑-4)-(Z)-2甲氧亚胺乙酸进行缩合,使用N-甲基二硫代氨基甲酸甲胺盐脱保护基,以葡聚糖凝胶LH-20精制合成了氨噻肟唑头孢菌素;总收率35.8％。产物经~1H核磁确证为顺式构型化合物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.