房室结双径路消融中特殊电生理现象分析与处理

目的 :分析房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)慢径路消融中特殊电生理现象及处理体会。方法 :慢径路消融前常规行心内电生理检查。结果 :有特殊电生理现象者 8例 ,其中 3例患者AVNRT开始时表现为房室 2 :1传导 ,阻滞点在希氏束以上部位 ;3例患者房室结功能曲线呈连续性 ;1例为慢 -慢型AVNRT ;1例心内电生理检查未能诱发出AVNRT。所有患者慢径消融均成功。结论 :术前应行详细的心内电生理检查和仔细鉴别 ,其消融方法与典型AVNRT相同     

起源于冠状静脉窦口的右侧旁路合并房室结双径路的诊断与鉴别

目的探讨复杂多径路心动过速时的应用拖带和程序S2刺激进行诊断和鉴别分析。 方法回顾性分析1例间歇性预激波患者频发室上性心动过速,经心脏电生理检查行右心室拖带刺激和心室程序S2刺激,测量最后一跳刺激信号到自身心房波间期减去心动过速下心室到心房的间期(SA-VA)和起搏后间期(PPI)－心动过速周长(TCC),并行常规射频导管消融术治疗。 结果术中心室分级刺激S1S1：350 ms诱发右侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速,TCL为372 ms, PPI为395 ms,继续行心房S1S2：500/310 ms刺激,"跳跃"诱发同前一样的室房波不融合心动过速。再次行心房S1S1：280 ms刺激,可反复诱发慢快型房室结折返性心动过速。在旁路参与的心动过速下给予心室程序S2刺激,测量PPI为385.1 ms, TCL为360.1 ms,PPI－TCL≤20 ms,证实为右侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速,同时存在慢快型房室结折返性行心动过速,给予常规射频导管消融成功径路和旁路。术后随访12个月未有心动过速发作。 结论通过右心室心室拖带刺激,以及测量SA-VA间期和PPI-TCL间期可以用来鉴别典型房室结折返性心动过速与间隔房室旁路。     

射频消融治疗房室结双径路的迟发效应1例

报道1例房室结双径路合并室上性心动过速 (SVT)患者射频消融手术失败后发生迟发效应而成功的病例. 患者,女性,42岁,反复发作SVT 10年.食管电生理检查诊断为房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT),行心内电生理检查及射频消融术.心内电生理检查过程中,导管操作、分级递增刺激及程序刺激均可诱发SVT .并可见A-H跳跃、His递减传导等房室结传导特征,确诊为AVNRT.后位法行慢径消融,以时间滴定法共放电11次,其间有多次交界区心律出现,后因仪器故障中断手术,术毕时,程序刺激仍可诱发SVT.3天后再次手术时,电生理检查:170次/min心房刺激房室呈文氏传导,心室刺激、异丙肾上腺素刺激后再次行心房、心室刺激均未诱发室上速,无A-H跳跃.     

房室折返性心动过速合并房室结双径路的射频消融治疗

目的:探讨房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)合并房室结双径路(AVNDP)的电生理特征和射频消融术式的选择。方法:对640例阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)进行电生理检查,观察PSVT发作时传导的顺序,然后进行消融治疗。结果:640例PSVT中检出AVRT AVNDP 68例,检出率为10.6%;有8例诱发房室结折返性心动过速,对此类患者进行慢径消融治疗。随访所有经治患者均无复发。结论:AVRT合并AVNDP者阻断房室旁道是消融成功的关键;房室旁道作为"旁观者"时也应作房室旁道消融;如仅有(AH)跳跃但无心动过速者无需接受房室结改良。     

房室结双径路消融中特殊电生理现象分析与处理

目的：分析房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）慢径路消融中特殊电生理现象及处理体会。方法：慢径路消融前常规行心内电生理检查。结果：有特殊电生理现象者8例，其中3例患者AVNRT开始时表现为房室2：1传导，阻滞点在希氏束以上部位；3例患者房室结功能曲线呈连续性；1例为慢-慢型AVNRT；1例心内电生理检查未能诱发出AVNRT。所有患者慢径消融均成功，结论：术前应行详细的心内电生理检查和仔细鉴别，其消融方法与典型AVNRT相同。     

射频消融治疗儿童阵发性室上性心功过速32例临床分析

目的总结儿童室上性心动过速射频消融治疗的经验。方法经左锁骨下静脉、股静脉置入电生理标测电极,行心内电生理检查（EPS）,确定阵发性室上性心动过速性质,然后经股静脉或股动脉置入大头消融导管,标测到有效消融靶点进行放电消融。结果32例患儿中,房室折返性心动过速26例,左侧旁路14例,消融成功14例,右侧旁路12例,消融成功11例,房室结折返型心动过速6例,消融成功6例,复发2例,再次消融成功,总成功率97％。结论射频消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速是安全、有效的。     

食管心房调搏术在小儿阵发性室上性心动过速分型诊断中的应用

目的：应用食管心房调搏术探讨小儿阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)电生理特点并进行临床分型。方法：对18例PSVT患儿应用食管心房调搏术，采用S1S1分级递增法，或S1S1连续递增法，或S1S2(或S1S2S3)程序早搏刺激法，进行心房调搏，均成功诱发PSVT发作，并分析其电生理特点。采用S1S1超速抑制法终止PSVT发作。结果：房室结折返性心动过速(均为慢—快型)6例，隐匿性房室折返性心动过速6例，显性预激综合征4例，多发性旁路2例。结论：食管心房调搏术是一种操作简单、无创性电生理检查术，对小儿PSVT的临床分型，指导用药甚至治疗有重要作用。     

宽QRS波心动过速患者食管电生理检查误漏诊分析

目的 分析宽QRS波心动过速患者食管电生理检查误漏诊的原因.方法 回顾性分析宽QRS波心动过速食管电生理误漏诊2例的临床资料.结果 本文2例均以心悸就诊,行食管调搏检查,例1诊断为隐匿性房室旁道并房室折返性心动过速伴室内差异性传导,例2诊断为左室阵发性室上性心动过速合并左侧隐匿旁管并房室折返性心动过速.后经心内电生理检查,例1确诊为右侧马海姆（Mahaim）纤维参与的逆向性房室折返性心动过速;例2漏诊室性心动过速.均经射频消融术治疗痊愈.结论 食管电生理是临床诊断快速心律失常的常用方法,对复杂少见的宽QRS波心动过速应尽量将食管心房调搏资料收集齐全,使心动过速的机制明朗化,避免临床误漏诊的发生.     

1693例经食道电生理诱发快速性心律失常的分析

目的:探讨1693例经食道电生理检查诱发快速性心律失常的诊断及分型的准确性。方法:收集经食道电生理检查诱发快速性心律失常的1693例患者,同时进行心内电生理检查术和射频消融术治疗,并进行诊断及分型比较。统计相对于心内电生理与食道电生理检查的诊断符合率。结果:食道电生理检查对左侧旁路伴房室折返性心动过速的诊断符合率达97.71%;右侧旁路伴房室折返性心动过速达95.45%;双径路伴房室结折返性心动过速达92.97%;三径路伴房室结折返性心动过速达100%;房性心动过速达100%;心房扑动达100%;心房颤动100%;长RP′心动过速94.44%;室性心动过速95.74%。结论:食道电生理检查具有无创、简便、费用低廉等优点,对快速性心律失常的诊断、分型及终止具有重要的价值。     

无明显跳跃现象的房室结双径路1例

本文报告 1例经心内电生理检查证实心动过速为慢 -快型房室结折返性心动过速 (S- F型 AVNRT) ,并经射频消融(RFCA)根治成功 ,但术前及术中的程序期前刺激 (S1、S2 ) ,均未诱发出房室结传导的跳跃现象。1　病历简介女 ,70岁。因阵发性室上性心动过速 (PSVT)反复发作 3年入院。查体 :心脏 B型超声波及 X射线胸片检查 ,心脏结构和功能正常。食道电生理检查 S1、S2刺激能诱发终止 PSVT,但未见房室传导时间跳跃 ,食道调搏结果提示隐匿性旁道。为根治 PSVT做 RFCA,经右颈内静脉 ,左、右股静脉穿刺插入4根标测电极分别置于冠状窦、希…     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.