X射线导丝定位术对乳腺单纯成簇钙化诊断价值的探讨

目的:应用乳腺X射线机及其配套的二维定位装置导丝定位指导手术切检,探讨对不可触及的乳腺微小病变单纯成簇钙化进行定性诊断的价值.方法:乳腺X射线片显示乳腺单纯成簇钙化灶[钙化点＞(3～5)个/cm2],X射线引导下定位并用导丝标记钙化的位置;标记后根据导丝锚定位置切除病变,并进行快速冰冻活检,明确诊断.结果:68例患者中,成功定位65例,导丝放置准确率为95.6％.定位过程中晕厥3例,1例出现气胸并发症.病理诊断恶性病变24例(35.3％),良性病变44例(64.7％).结论:对于乳腺X射线摄影发现的单纯成簇状钙化,在乳腺X射线导丝定位系统引导下进行切除活检,是提高早期乳腺癌诊断率并指导临床治疗的有效手段.     

数字化立体定位导丝导向活检对乳腺不可触及病变的诊断价值

目的探讨数字化立体定位导丝导向活检(SNLB),对临床不可触及乳腺病变(NPBL)的诊断及临床应用价值。方法对95例临床触诊阴性,而数字钼钨双靶乳腺摄片发现异常的病灶,进行了SNLB切除活检。结果数字化乳腺摄片表现为:簇状微小钙化49例,孤立性结节27例,局限致密或结构紊乱15例,放射状毛刺影4例。SNLB活检组织标本病理结果中良性病变67例,恶性病变28例,其中包括导管原位癌14例。结论 SNLB对临床不可触及病变,定位定性诊断准确、安全,有利于早期发现乳腺癌。     

钼靶X线导丝定位下乳腺活检的临床应用

 目的 对钼靶X线发现钙化灶但不能触及肿块的乳腺病变进行诊断。方法 对26例钼靶X线片显示有恶性可能的钙化灶而临床不能触及肿块的患者，术前在放射科钼靶X线引导下行乳腺细导丝定位，然后在局麻下行乳腺活检。结果 26例采用此方法活检者均成功取出病变组织，并明确诊断。病理结果为乳腺纤维腺瘤4例，乳腺囊性增生10例，乳腺乳头状瘤3例，积乳囊肿1例，导管内癌5例，浸润性导管癌3例。结论 钼靶X线导丝定位下活检，对X线片显示有恶性可能的钙化灶而临床不能触及肿块，可增加活检的准确性，是一种安全有效的诊断方法，对乳腺癌的早期诊断有一定的意义。     

乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术的临床应用

目的:探讨乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术在不能触及乳腺病灶中的临床应用价值。方法:对58例钼靶X片上有可疑病灶而无临床体征的患者,通过X线立体定位穿刺,放入钢丝标记,指导外科切除活检,组织病理学检查明确诊断。结果:58例不能触及乳腺病灶一次定位切检成功,经病理检查证实恶性病变20例,良性病变38例。结论:乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术对不能触及乳腺病灶的定位定性诊断有重要价值,是诊断无体征早期乳腺癌的理想诊断技术。     

钼靶X线下导丝定位乳腺微小病灶切除术在早期乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨钼靶X线下导丝定位乳腺微小病灶切除术在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值.方法: 对34例乳腺未触及肿块而钼靶X线乳腺摄片显示有结节或恶性可能的簇状钙化灶患者在钼靶X线引导下行乳腺微小病灶导丝定位切除术,术后快速冰冻病理检查.结果: 34例患者均一次成功定位,病理检查结果发现早期乳腺癌7人,其中原位癌4例,导管内癌2例,浸润性导管癌1例;良性病变27例.结论: 钼靶X线下导丝定位乳腺微小病灶切除术可明显提高早期乳腺癌的诊断水平.     

全数字化乳腺X线引导下钙化灶导丝定位活检对早期乳腺癌诊断的意义

目的探讨在全数字化乳腺X线引导下的钙化灶术前定位及活检对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值及意义。方法对211例乳腺微小钙化且临床不能触及肿块、超声阴性的患者行数字化乳腺X线引导下乳腺钙化灶导丝定位,然后在手术室全麻下进行病灶活检。结果 211例患者中,乳腺恶性病变62例(29.4%),良性病变149例(70.6%);≤40岁患者的恶性病变发生率占该年龄段患者的12.5%,>40岁患者的恶性病变发生率占该年龄段患者的34.4%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对于临床不可触及而通过全数字化乳腺X线摄影筛查发现的可疑微小钙化灶,特别是年龄>40岁的成簇钙化患者,应该积极在乳腺X线引导下导丝穿刺定位,行乳腺钙化灶活检;该方法定位准确,切除完整,术中腺体损伤小。     

钼靶钩丝定位在切除触诊阴性的BI-RADS Ⅳ级以上乳腺病变中的意义

  目的  探讨乳腺钼靶X线摄影引导下钩丝定位活检技术对临床触诊阴性或触诊不良的BI-RADS Ⅳ级及以上乳腺病变的诊断意义。  方法  选取2012年1月至2014年8月48例乳腺钼靶BI-RADS Ⅳ级及以上但临床触诊阴性或触诊不良的乳腺病变患者（其中双侧病变4例、单侧病变44例、共计52处病灶）,进行钼靶X线摄影引导下钩丝定位活检术。  结果  所有52处病灶中恶性病变13例（均单侧）,其中0期占46.15%（6/13）,Ⅰ期占38.46%（5/13）,Ⅱ期占15.39%（2/13）;良性病变39例,乳腺癌检出率为25.0%。钼靶BI-RADS Ⅳ级患者中良性病变39例,恶性病变10例;BI-RADS Ⅴ级患者中良性病变0例,恶性病变3例。Ⅳ、Ⅴ级中乳腺癌的阳性检出率分别为25.6%和100%。  结论  钼靶辅助下钩丝定位活检可以精确切除临床触诊阴性或触诊不良的BI-RADS Ⅳ级及以上乳腺病灶,提高患者生活质量和改善预后,是一种安全、准确、费用低廉的诊断方法,值得国内临床广泛推广。      

立体定位穿刺活检术在诊断乳腺微小病变中的临床价值

[目的]探讨乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检技术对乳腺微小病变（NPBL）的诊断价值。[方法]采用美国GE钼铑双靶X线机及数字化三维立体定位穿刺活检系统对40例临床不可触及的NPBL患者先行立体定位穿刺活检（SCNB）,再行立体定位细针引导切检（SNLB）,比较SCNB与SNLB的病理检查结果。[结果]40例NPBL患者,均进行了SCNB和SNLB技术处理,无一例发生并发症。SCNB诊断准确率为95%（38/40）,诊断早期乳腺癌的敏感度为84.6%（11/13）,特异性为100.0%（27/27）。[结论]SCNB技术创伤小,操作简便,既可提高早期乳腺癌的诊断率,又避免了良性病变手术活检的痛苦,值得临床应用。     

数字乳腺X线导丝定位技术在不可触及乳腺病变的应用

目的:探讨数字乳腺X线导丝定位技术引导手术切除不可触及的乳腺病变(NPBL)的临床应用价值.方法:回顾分析40例临床触诊阴性,而行数字乳腺X线摄影(DM)显示成簇细小钙化、模糊小结节及局部结构紊乱等病灶的女性患者临床资料,行计算机立体定位,置留导丝于可疑病灶处,引导手术切除,标本经照像证实,病变切除后送检病理科,根据病理结果制定进一步治疗方案.结果:40例患者行DM发现病灶41个,置留导丝41根,导丝引导手术活检41次.X线表现:成簇或不规则钙化33个(80.5%),局部结构紊乱1个(2.4%),肿物7个(17.1%).病理结果:恶性病变16个(39.0%),其中导管内癌13个(31.7%),浸润性导管癌3个(7.3%),行乳腺癌根治性手术;良性病变25个(61.0%),包括纤维腺瘤6个(14.6%),导管内乳头状瘤2个(4.9%),乳腺增生病17个(41.5%).定位切除成功率为100%.结论:DM引导导丝定位活检技术,对不可触及的乳腺病变可准确定位,解决了外科医生盲目手术切除的困难,还可以明确病变的良恶性,对提高早期乳腺癌诊断具有重要意义.     

数字化X线定位系统下Mammotome微创活检在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的:探讨数字化俯卧式X线定位系统下Mammotome微创切除不可触及乳腺病灶在乳腺癌早期诊断的临床应用价值。方法:2004年12月~2005年5月,应用LORAD数字化俯卧式穿刺床X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统对67例患者73个临床不可触及乳腺钼靶X线片表现为可疑病灶进行微创切除活检。73个病灶中X线摄片:42例为孤立簇状聚集钙化,27例为不规则致密影并簇状钙化,4例为局部腺体结构扭曲。术前BIRADS评级Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ级分别为51、17和5个。结果:67例患者73个病灶,乳腺癌13个(17.8%),其中4个为乳腺导管内癌,3个导管内癌并早期浸润,6个浸润性导管癌。良性病变60个(82.1%)。13个乳腺癌术后分期:2个为0期,9个为Ⅰ期,2个为ⅡA期,13个中11个为早期乳腺癌(84.6%)。结论:应用LORAD数字化俯卧式X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统微创活检不可触及乳腺X线摄片发现的微小病灶,是一种确诊早期乳腺癌的微创方法。     

乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位术及活检

目的;乳腺Ｘ线立体穿刺钢丝定位术,是对临床触不到,而Ｘ线片显示的乳腺微小病变,通过Ｘ线立体穿刺,经钢丝定位后指导外科切检,进行组织病理学检查的一种新的乳腺检查方法。方法;在Ｘ线片观察分析的基础上,由电子计算机辅助立体定位仪指导完成。结果;本方法技术先进,定位准确,操作简单,检查结果真实,可靠。     

Applicability of Radioguided Occult Lesion Localization for NonPalpable Benign Breast Lesions,Comparison with Wire Localization,a Clinical Trial

Background: This study was designed to compare radioguided versus routine wire localization of non palpable nonmalignant breast lesions in terms of efficacy for complete excision, ease of use, time saving, and cosmetic outcome. Materials and Methods: Patients with nonpalpable breast masses and nonmalignant core biopsy results who were candidates for complete surgical lumpectomy were enrolled and randomly assigned to radioguided or wire localization groups. Radiologic, surgical, and pathologic data were collected and analyzed to determine the difficulty and duration of each procedure, ease of use, accuracy, and cosmetic outcomes. Results: This prospective randomized study included 60 patients, randomly divided into wire guided localization (WGL) or radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) groups. The mean duration of localization under ultrasound guidance was shorter in the ROLL group (14.4 min) than in the WGL group (16.5 min) (p<0.001). The ROLL method was significantly easier for radiologists (p0.0001). The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 22.6 min (10.3 min) for ROLL and 23.6 min ( 9.6 min) for WGL (p0.6), a nonsignificant difference. Radiography of the surgical specimens showed 100% lesion excision with clear margins, as proved by pathologic examination, with both techniques. The surgical specimens were slightly heavier in the ROLL group, but the difference was not significant (p0.06). Conclusions: The ROLL technique provides effective, fast, and simple localization and excision of nonpalpable nonmalignant breast lesions.     

临床触诊阴性的乳腺内微小病灶的外科活检

目的探讨应用乳腺摄片结合定位系统，对临床触诊阴性的乳腺内微小病变进行穿刺定位乳腺活检术的价值。方法回顾性分析总结82例临床触诊阴性、乳腺摄片发现乳腺的微小病变患者，实行穿刺定位引导下行外科切除活检术。结果82例患者均一次性手术切除病灶，金属定位线完整取出，无1例并发症，术后诊断乳腺癌22例（26．50％），余60例为良性病变。结论金属线定位行外科活检，是临床触诊阴性乳腺内微小病变定性诊断的有效方法，安全可靠。术前准确定位，病灶完全切除，术中冷冻准确是其成功关键。     

26例早期乳腺癌分析

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌的临床特点及诊断方法,为提高早期乳腺癌的诊断提供参考依据.方法 回顾分析26例早期乳腺癌的临床资料.结果 临床触诊阴性23例,乳晕皮肤糜烂3例,有乳腺增生病史22例,乳腺腺体局部增厚18例.钼靶检查:单纯钙化14例,乳腺结构不良3例,结节致密影6例,乳腺增生3例,其中10例病人作彩色多普勒超声检查,7例检出边界不规则低回声结节,5例结节内或周围可测到血流信号,全部病例均经手术切除确诊.结论 女性乳腺增生,且症状加重,乳腺腺体局限性增厚是早期乳腺癌的重要表现,钼靶结合超声检查有利于早期乳腺癌的诊断,对临床触诊阴性的微小病灶行穿刺定位后手术活检,可提高早期乳腺癌检出率.     

To乳腺癌的X线诊断

目的：总结Ｔｏ乳腺癌Ｘ线特征及与病理的关系。方法;对１２０例次乳腺Ｔｏ癌患者中,有乳腺Ｘ线检查的９７例次病例进行了回顾性分析。结果：Ｔｏ乳腺癌的Ｘ线检查阳性率为３２．９９％,可疑率２１．６５％,合计５４．６４％。Ｔｏ乳腺癌Ｘ线表现以局限致浸润及钙化为主,占Ｘ线阳性表现病例中６６％,以肿块为表现者罕见,仅３例。     

Clinicopathologic correlations and significance of clinically occult mammary lesions

Experience with 189 clinically occult, i.e., nonpalpable breast lesions is presented. The described technique of localization and excision all but guarantees removal of even the smallest radiographically suspicious findings with an inconspicuous incision and minimal breast deformity. The incidence of carcinoma encountered in these 189 biopsies is 27.5%. Axillary node metastases were present in less than 25% of the invasive nonpalpable cancers, approximately half of what might have been expected if the lesions had been discovered in the usual manner. There were no patients with axillary node metastases among those with in situ ductal or microinvasive ductal carcinomas. This implies a better prognosis and lower death rate from breast cancer in these patients. Screening programs employing mammography, designed to detect breast cancers in this pre-palpable stage, are encountered as a means of uncovering a higher proportion of such cancers at an earlier stage in their natural histories.     

The impact of mammography on the patterns of patients referred for definitive breast irradiation

To evaluate the impact of mammography on the patterns of patients referred for definitive breast irradiation, the records of 1507 cases of carcinoma of the breast in 1468 women treated between 1977 and 1988 with breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation were reviewed. All patients had undergone complete excision of the primary tumor with or without axillary staging. All patients had either noninvasive, intraductal carcinoma (American Joint Committee [AJC] Stage Tis, N0) or invasive carcinoma (AJC Stage T1 or T2, N0 or N1). The use of a mammographic needle localization breast biopsy for diagnosis of a nonpalpable carcinoma steadily increased over time from 3% (one of 32) in in 1977-78 to 26% (111/421) in 1987-88 (P less than 0.0001). The percentage of intraductal carcinomas was significantly increased for the cases in which a mammographic needle localization was used for biopsy of a nonpalpable carcinoma (P less than 0.0001). There was an increase in the incidence of intraductal carcinomas in patients referred for definitive breast irradiation over time from 6% (two of 32) in 1977-78 to 13% (53/421) in 1987-88 (P = 0.0004). These results demonstrate that the use of mammography has had a significant impact on the patterns of patients referred for breast conservation and definitive irradiation with an increase in the percentage of nonpalpable cancers diagnosed using mammographic needle localization and with an increase in the percentage of intraductal carcinomas referred over time.     

全数字化俯卧式X 线立体钢丝定位术在乳腺微钙化病灶中的应用价值*

目的:探讨X 线立体定位钢丝引导切取活检术（SWLB）对乳腺微钙化病灶的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2007年5 月至2008年5 月南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院45例行SWLB 活检的乳腺隐匿性病变,所有病例均为临床触诊阴性而乳腺X 线摄影发现微钙化病灶,将活检标本病理结果与X 线表现进行对照。结果:45例SWLB 活检组织标本病理结果中恶性病变13例（28.9%）,其中包括导管原位癌3 例（23.1%）,导管原位癌伴微浸润4例（30.8%）,浸润性导管癌5 例（38.5%）,导管内乳头状癌1 例（7.7%）;良性病变32例（71.1%）,其中包括导管上皮重度非典型增生2 例（6.3%）。 结论:SWLB 可准确引导切检临床阴性的乳腺微钙化病灶,明确乳腺微钙化的性质,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。      

数字化X线摄影在触诊阴性乳癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨数字化乳腺X线摄影对隐性乳癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2004年2月-2006年12月门诊体检中遇到的32例未触及肿块乳癌。术前均行金属丝定位,并经病理证实。结果X线呈现单纯钙化16例,其中癌前病变3例,导管原位癌6例,浸润性导管癌7例;微结节或致密影伴钙化5例,其中癌前病变1例,导管原位癌2例,浸润性导管癌2例;呈现不对称性致密影5例,1例为小叶原位癌,4例为浸润性导管癌;微结节伴浅分叶或毛刺4例,其中1例为导管原位癌,3例为浸润性导管癌;结构紊乱2例,均为浸润性导管癌。结论数字化乳腺X线摄影对诊断未触及肿块的触诊阴性乳癌、提高患者生存率、降低病死率、以及开展保乳手术具有重大价值。     

Nonpalpable breast carcinomas: long-term evaluation of 1,258 cases

Introduction.

In recent decades, a steady improvement in imaging diagnostics has been observed together with a rising adherence to regular clinical breast examinations. As a result, the detection of small clinically occult (nonpalpable) lesions has progressively increased. At present in our institution some 20% of the cases are treated when nonpalpable. The aim of the present study is to analyze the characteristics and prognosis of such tumors treated in a single institution.

Methods.

The analysis focused on 1,258 women who presented at the European Institute of Oncology with a primary clinically occult carcinoma between 2000 and 2006. All patients underwent radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL), axillary dissection when appropriate, whole breast radiotherapy, or partial breast intraoperative irradiation and received tailored adjuvant systemic treatment.

Results.

Median age was 56 years. Imaging showed a breast nodule in half of the cases and a breast nodule accompanied by microcalcifications in 9%. Microcalcifications alone were present in 17.1% of the cases, whereas suspicious opacity, distortion, or thickening represented the remaining 24.6%. Most tumors were characterized by low proliferative rates (68.9%), positive estrogen receptors (92.3%), and non-overexpressed Her2/neu (91.3%). After a median follow-up of 60 months, we observed 19 local events (1.5%), 12 regional events (1%), and 20 distant metastases (1.6%). Five-year overall survival was 98.6%.

Conclusions.

Clinically occult (nonpalpable) carcinomas show very favorable prognostic features and high survival rates, showing the important role of modern imaging techniques.