Ectopic breast cancer: Two case reports and review of the Japanese literature

Two cases of carcinoma involving ectopic breast tissue are reported, along with a review of the Japanese literature. A total of 65 cases of ectopic breast cancer have been reported; 59 of which occurred in the axilla. Total mastectomy with axillary dissection was performed in 29 cases, and tumor excision with or without nodal dissection was done in 30 cases. Outcome was known in 33 cases, and 5 cases had recurred at the time of this writing. Although the prognosis of ectopic breast cancer was difficult to establish with the limited follow-up data, all the 5 cases in our series with recurrence had axillary lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. Therefore, the complete excision of ectopic breast tissue with nodal dissection, and subsequent chemoendocrine therapy, especially in node-positive patients, is recommended as the treatment of choice.     

Primary malignant tracheal neoplasms: case reports and literature radiotherapy review

In contrast to laryngeal or bronchial carcinomas, primary malignant neoplasm of the trachea is rarely encountered. Case reports are presented to emphasize the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis. Disease clinical manifestations, histopathology, and natural history are described. A literature review summary of radiotherapy results on reported large series of patients is shown.     

肺大泡相关性肺癌2例并文献复习

背景与目的肺癌多表现为肺部实质性占位,而以肺大泡为影像学表现的肺癌较为少见。本文通过报道2例肺大泡相关性肺癌并复习相关文献,旨在提高对肺大泡相关性肺癌的认识。方法本文将报道2例肺大泡相关性肺癌患者的临床表现、影像资料及诊治过程,并结合相关文献报道进行分析。结果肺大泡相关性肺癌是原发性肺癌的一种特殊形式,多发生于吸烟男性,临床表现隐匿,早期较难确诊,且易被漏诊、误诊。结论肺大泡患者是肺癌的高危人群,应密切进行影像随访或进一步检查,对不能排除肺癌者应积极手术治疗。     

Breast carcinoma metastatic to eyelids: case report and review of the literature

Violaceous, indurated plaques around both eyes were found to be cutaneous metastases and the initial clinical presentation of a lobular carcinoma of the breast in an 80-year-old woman. Available literature indicates that breast carcinoma is the most common metastatic tumor of the eyelid and the onset of a palpebral mass may precede the diagnosis of the primary tumor in the breast.     

产生基质的化生性乳腺癌六例临床病理分析

目的 产生基质的化生性乳腺癌(matrix-producing metaplastic carcinoma of the breast,MPMC)较罕见,病理形态非常特殊,容易导致误诊.本研究探讨MPMC临床病理学特征、诊断要点及鉴别诊断.方法 收集2010-01-01-2016-01-01北京大学人民医院MPMC患者6例.患者均为女性,年龄42~73岁,中位年龄49岁.分析6例MPMC的临床特点,观察其组织病理学表现并进行免疫组化染色,同时复习相关文献资料.结果 肿瘤呈结节状生长,部分区域呈浸润性生长方式.结节周围为大片上皮样巢团,中央为黏液软骨样基质,可见坏死.6例上皮样细胞团均为乳腺浸润性导管癌,4例组织学分级呈Ⅲ级改变,2例为Ⅱ级.免疫组化6例患者中有4例ER、PR和C-erbB-2阴性,1例ER阳性,1例C-erbB-2为+,6例CK5/6、S100、CK和Vimentin、EGFR阳性.另做组织化学染色AB-PAS,6例均为阳性.结论 MPMC一种非常罕见的恶性肿瘤,诊断时需与叶状肿瘤等鉴别,免疫组化有助于鉴别诊断.     

Giant phyllodes tumor in both breasts:one case report and literature review

Breast phyllodes tumor (BPT),which is composed of epithelial cells and fibrous connective tissue,is a special type of tumor and yet not unified in biological behavior and histological classification,with high risk of recurrence and potential metastasis.BPT in one side has high incidence in clinic while BPT in both sides is rarely found.We treated one patient with giant BPT in both sides and reported as follows. 1 Case report The patient,female,aged 49,was admitted due to a rapidly increased lump in the right breast in June 2010,and she complained that the lump had increased from the size of "an egg" to the size of "a basketball" in August and had then been treated as suspected inflammation with anti-inflammatory treatment before admission but failed.Physical examination on admission showed an about 35 cm× 32 cm ×33 cm huge lump in the right breast,firm and poorly-movable,with reddish purple and mildly warm epidermis,swollen but not ulcerated (Fig.1).     

A case of ectopic breast cancer with a literature review

A 63-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a right axillary nodule in 2004. Physical examination showed a spherical nodule measuring 0.5 cm in diameter in the right axilla. No mass was palpable in either breast. Mammograms were normal. Ultrasonography revealed a subcutaneous hypoechoic mass 0.7 mm in maximum diameter in the right axilla. The patient underwent an excisional biopsy. Histological examination revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma (scirrhous carcinoma) in ectopic breast tissue. The patient subsequently underwent a wide local excision of the tissue surrounding the biopsy scar, with axillary lymph node dissection. Histologically, no residual tumor or nodal metastasis was found. Postoperatively, she received endocrine therapy and remains well, without any evidence of recurrence 4 years 10 months after operation. Cancer of the ectopic breast tissue is rare, and most cases present as a solitary axillary mass. Long-term outcomes remain unclear. We present a case of breast carcinoma in the axillary ectopic mammary gland and summarize the clinical features of 94 cases, including ours, in Japan. We also compare long-term survival between ectopic breast cancer and usual breast cancer according to TNM T stage and lymph node metastasis.     

右侧副乳腺癌1例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨副乳腺癌手术方式的安全性和可行性。方法:我院近期对1例副乳腺癌患者行患侧乳腺、副乳腺及周围皮肤、皮下组织切除,同时清扫同侧腋下淋巴结的手术。结果:手术顺利完成。手术时间85min,出血量50ml。术后皮肤愈合良好,上肢活动正常。结论:该手术方式安全、可行。     

Primary osteosarcoma of the breast in young women: One case report and literature review

Case Report A 21-year-old female with a breast tumor for over a month came to our hospital. The physical examinations on her breast showed a mammary neoplasm of about 4 cm, with a good range of motion and no abnormality seen in the skin. The patient remained single, and had no family history of breast cancer or ovarian carcinoma. CT and X-ray examinations on the osseous tissue of the whole body showed that no lesions were found. A glabrous tumor with peplos was seen during the surgery, and was completely excised.     

Successful use of letrozole in male breast cancer: a case report and review of hormonal therapy for male breast cancer

Male breast cancer is an uncommon occurrence. Treatment of male breast cancer is typically extrapolated from data on the treatment of female breast cancer. Recently, aromatase inhibition has been proven as an effective therapy for female breast cancer, particularly in the setting of advanced cancers. The efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in males, however, has not been established. We report the successful treatment of a male with locally advanced breast cancer using the aromatase inhibitor letrozole.     

Metastases to the breast from nonbreast solid neoplasms: presentation and determinants of survival

BACKGROUND: Metastasis to the breast is rare, but it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with this entity to identify determinants of survival. METHODS: Between 1983 and 1998, 169 patients were confirmed by pathology to have metastasis to the breast from nonbreast solid organ primary tumors at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinicopathological characteristics. Survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range, 13-85). One hundred forty-nine (88.2%) patients had a prior history of cancer. Ninety-one (53.9%) patients presented with additional systemic metastases. The most common histology identified was melanoma (65 patients, 38.5%). In most patients (77%), the diagnosis was initially made through physical examination. The median survival from the time the breast metastasis was diagnosed was 10 months (range, 0.4-192.7). On univariate analysis, a significantly better survival was observed in patients who had no evidence of other disease at the time of diagnosis (P = .0036), patients with neuroendocrine tumors (P = .023), and patients who underwent surgical resection for breast metastases (P = .0001). On multivariate analysis, patients who did not have surgery were 88% more likely to die than those who did (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Expected survival with metastasis to the breast is poor, therefore, local therapy should be tailored to each individual. The association between overall survival and surgical resection of metastases to the breast should be further investigated.     

Nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis: case reports and literature review

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory chronic disease characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas most frequently in lungs and in intrathoracic lymph nodes. The nasopharyngeal form is unusual and noncommon in the ENT practice.Background and objectives:In order to establish a correct knowledge about this rare disease, we report two different cases of nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis moreover all the available literature is reviewed.Materials and Methods:A systematic literature review was made through PubMed databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines (1), combining the following key words: Nasopharyngeal, Rhinopharynx, Sarcoidosis, in publications between 1951 and 2020. In addition, we reported our personal experience on the disease by describing two clinical cases that occurred at our clinic in November 2018 and June 2019.Results:16 articles reported 27 cases of nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis. The number of males was 13 (48,2%) and the number of females was 14 (51,8%) with a mean age at the diagnosis of 35,28 ± 13.05 years old (range 5 - 64). In 16 (59,3%) cases nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis was associated with lungs and/or intrathoracic lymph nodes involvement; nasal obstruction was the most frequently reported symptom (51,8% of subjects).Conclusions:Nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis can mimic several disorders of the upper airway respiratory tract and it must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis. A biopsy of nonspecific lesions in the nasopharynx is advisable to permit several early diagnosis of upper airway respiratory tract disorders including sarcoidosis.     

乳腺富脂质癌1例报道及文献复习

目的:探讨乳腺富脂质癌(Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast)的病理和临床特点。方法:回顾性分析1例乳腺富脂质癌的病理、临床资料,结合文献复习并讨论。结果:乳腺富脂质癌病理特征是肿瘤细胞聚集呈实体性,团索状,部分导管扩张内充满泡沫样瘤细胞,癌细胞较大,胞浆透明或泡沫状,充满中等到大量中性脂质,脂肪染色呈强阳性。免疫组化标记:油红O染色(+)、ER(-)、PR(-)、C-erb-2(+),过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)染色(-)。治疗上予手术、化疗、放疗等综合治疗,随访2年4个月,患者出现远处转移死亡。结论:乳腺富脂质癌是一种罕见特殊类型乳腺癌,该病恶性度高,进展快,预后差,临床表现缺乏特异性。熟悉其病理特点,准确做出病理诊断,避免误诊显得尤为重要。临床应在明确诊断后进行以手术为主的综合治疗。     

阴囊部皮肤原发性腺样囊性癌1例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨原发阴囊部皮肤腺样囊性癌的临床病理特点,免疫组化及鉴别诊断要点.方法 报道1例原发阴囊部皮肤腺样囊性癌的临床、病理组织学形态和免疫组化特点,并复习相关文献对以上特点进行分析.结果 皮肤的腺样囊性癌较少见,可发生于除掌跖以外的任何部位,中老年好发,平均发病年龄为59岁.原发阴囊部皮肤腺样囊性癌未见报道,镜下肿瘤组织形成特殊的筛状结构,囊腔内常含有阿辛兰(pH5.2)阳性的透明质酸和硫酸化的酸性黏蛋白,瘤细胞间和小叶间周围可见透明嗜酸性基底膜物质的沉积,PAS染色呈阳性.免疫组化CK7、S-100、EMA、P63阳性表达.结论 阴囊皮肤原发腺样囊性癌相对少见,其具有与涎腺腺样囊性癌相同的镜下特征和免疫组化特点,临床表现呈惰性过程,预后相对较好.     

乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌的临床病理分析并文献复习

目的:探讨乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌的临床病理特点及预后.方法:回顾性分析包头市肿瘤医院2008年5月至2011年5月收治的乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌患者的临床及病理资料,探讨影响预后的因素并寻找其免疫组化特点.结果:9例患者均为女性,年龄43～75岁,肿物直径15～50 mm.免疫组织化学染色结果:雌激素受体(ER)阳性率为55.56％(5/9),孕激素受体(PR)阳性率为44.44％ (4/9),HER2阳性率为22.22％(2/9).随访60个月,1例患者于术后13月发现胸壁转移、双肺转移、锁骨上淋巴结转移,并发上腔静脉综合征,于发病后19月死亡.结论:乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌与乳腺非特殊类型浸润性癌在ER表达、PR表达及HER2表达等方面比较均无显著差异,乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌预后与其组织学特性无关,而与其组织学分级、淋巴结状况和肿瘤分期有关,综合分析相关文献目前支持其治疗原则应与乳腺非特殊类型浸润性癌相同.     

超声导向活检在可疑小乳腺癌中的诊断应用

为了探讨超声引导粗针穿刺活检(ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy,US-CNB)在可疑小乳腺癌(<2cm)肿块诊断中的实用价值及其影响因素,对50例可疑为乳腺癌的小肿块行超声引导粗针穿刺活检,其病理诊断结果与手术切除活检病理诊断结果进行对照。结果超声引导50个病灶中45个为恶性,5个为良性,术后活检证实2个假阴性,穿刺活检诊断阳性率为95.7%。初步研究结果提示,US-CNB是一种安全、准确、微创的操作,其诊断阳性率与穿刺针数、病变大小、病变组织类型等密切相关,诊断后应强调对良性病例进行随访。     

Total vertebral body breast cancer metastases: one case report and literature review

Introduction
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly seen malignant tumors in the female population, and it ranks the first in the incidence of malignancies among women. The skeleton is a common metastatic site for advanced breast cancer and is where spinal metastasis is most frequently seen. The incidence rate of spinal metastasis in descending order is as follows： thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrococcygeal vertebrae and cervical vertebrae.     

Squamous metaplasia of the breast simulating a malignant neoplasm: a case

Squamous metaplasia of the breast ductal epithelium is a well-documented lesion; however, it represents a very uncommon histopathologic finding. We present a case of primary florid squamous metaplasia of the mammary ducts closely simulating a breast carcinoma in a 67-year-old woman. Patient after ultrasound examination and mammography, was submitted to a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) that was considered inconclusive, and, in order to suspicious clinic and mammographic findings, a frozen evaluation during the surgical excision was performed. Primary squamous cell metaplasia is rarely observed in the breast. This condition closely mimics a malignant lesion at US-scan, X-ray evaluation and even at FNAB. Frozen examination, in this case, is considered decisive, preserving the patient from an unnecessary aggressive surgical approach.     

Angiosarcoma of the breast. Two case reports and a review of the literature

Two cases of angiosarcoma of the breast are presented. They are of particular interest in that one patient is a long-term survivor, the 19th reported to date, and the other presented with contralateral breast involvement without evidence of disseminated disease. The world literature is reviewed and a discussion is presented of the clinical features, treatment, histopathologic features, and prognosis of this rare breast neoplasm. Tumor size and degree of tumor differentiation are the most important prognostic indicators, and in general a simple mastectomy is the treatment of choice. The value of adjuvant irradiation and chemotherapy is uncertain.