重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对大鼠成骨细胞增殖、凋亡及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白合成的影响

目的 观察胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）对体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞的增殖、凋亡及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白合成的影响，探讨IGF-Ⅰ对骨代谢影响的可能机制。方法 不同浓度rhIGF-Ⅰ刺激体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞，采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法测定细胞增殖能力；肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α单独或与rhIGF-Ⅰ共同刺激成骨细胞，流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率；rhIGF-Ⅰ刺激成骨细胞，免疫细胞化学结合计算机图像分析系统检测Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的表达。结果 一定浓度IGF-Ⅰ能明显增加成骨细胞数量（P〈0．05），在0．1～100ng／ml这种作用与IGF-Ⅰ的浓度呈正相关；TNF-α在0．1～100ng/ml浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性地促进成骨细胞凋亡（P〈0．05），并使S期细胞减少（P〈0．05），而IGF-Ⅰ能抑制，TNF-α对成骨细胞的促凋亡作用（P〈0．05）；经IGF-Ⅰ的刺激，成骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的表达明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 IGF-Ⅰ对大鼠成骨细胞有明显的促增殖作用，在0．1～100ng/ml之间呈浓度依赖性，IGF-Ⅰ能抑制，TNF-α诱导的大鼠成骨细胞凋亡，IGF-Ⅰ能促进大鼠成骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的合成。     

抗坏血酸拮抗TNF-α对成骨细胞的作用

目的 通过观察不同浓度的抗坏血酸对TNF-α诱导的成骨细胞凋亡的影响.方法 用TNF-α培养液诱导体外培养成骨细胞凋亡后,分别加人不同浓度的抗坏血酸,用流式细胞仪检测其对成骨细胞的凋亡率.结果 相对于模型组,加入抗坏血酸的各组凋亡率显著降低,尤以10 ng/mL组最为明显.结论 抗坏血酸能抑制TNF-α诱导的成骨细胞凋亡,以浓度10 ng/mL抑制作用最明显.     

重组人胰岛素样生长因子I对大鼠成骨细胞增殖、凋亡及I型胶原蛋白合成的影响

目的观察胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)对体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞的增殖、凋亡及I型胶原蛋白合成的影响,探讨IGF-I对骨代谢影响的可能机制。方法不同浓度rhIGF-I刺激体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞增殖能力;肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)单独或与rhIGF-I共同刺激成骨细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率;rhIGF-I刺激成骨细胞,免疫细胞化学结合计算机图像分析系统检测I型胶原蛋白的表达。结果一定浓度IGF-I能明显增加成骨细胞数量(P<0·05),在0·1~100ng/ml这种作用与IGF-I的浓度呈正相关;TNF-α在0·1~100ng/ml浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性地促进成骨细胞凋亡(P<0·05),并使S期细胞减少(P<0·05),而IGF-I能抑制TNF-α对成骨细胞的促凋亡作用(P<0·05);经IGF-I的刺激,成骨细胞I型胶原蛋白的表达明显高于对照组(P<0·05)。结论IGF-I对大鼠成骨细胞有明显的促增殖作用,在0·1~100ng/ml之间呈浓度依赖性,IGF-I能抑制TNF-α诱导的大鼠成骨细胞凋亡,IGF-I能促进大鼠成骨细胞I型胶原蛋白的合成。     

异丙酚对肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导小鼠脊髓神经元凋亡的影响

目的研究异丙酚对肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）诱导小鼠脊髓神经元凋亡的影响。方法脊髓神经元取自孕14d胎龄小鼠的胎鼠，于含B27的神经细胞培养基中培养7d后，随机分为6组：对照组（Con组）；50μmol／L异丙酚组（P50组）；TNF-α组（TNF-α组）；25μmol／L异丙酚＋TNF-α组（P25＋TNF-α组）；50μmol／L异丙酚＋TNF-α组（P50＋TNF-α组）；100μmol／L异丙酚＋TNF-α组（P100＋TNF-α组），各组中加入相应终浓度的异丙酚孵育30min，再加入TNF-α至终末浓度为2000U／ml，培养24h后，采用碘化丙锭／Hoechst 33342双染法检测细胞凋亡，计算细胞凋亡率，采用免疫细胞化学方法测定Bcl-2表达。结果与Con组比较，TNF-α组神经元凋亡率升高，Bcl-2表达降低（P〈0．01），不同浓度异丙酚预先给药可减弱TNF-α诱导的上述改变（P〈0．05）。结论异丙酚可抑制TNF-α诱导小鼠脊髓神经元的凋亡，其机制与上调Bcl-2表达有关。     

TNF-α对成骨细胞凋亡作用的探讨

目的 探讨TNF-α诱导成骨细胞凋亡的作用,为绝经后妇女骨质疏松的发生机理和治疗方法的研究提供切实可行的依据。方法 在体外培养成骨细胞的过程中,分别加人不同浓度的TNF-α,用流式细胞仪检测其对成骨细胞的凋亡率。结果 TNF-α15ng/mL组、30ng/mL组对成骨细胞的生长均有显著的抑制作用,其中又以30ng/mL组最明显。结论 TNF-α在一定浓度中对成骨细胞的生长有显著的抑制作用, 尤以30ng/mL组最明显。     

中药癌痛克对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖、凋亡作用及机制研究

目的通过观察不同浓度癌痛克对胃癌细胞株SGC-7901增殖及凋亡的作用，以及在相应状态下细胞内视网膜母细胞瘤（Rb）基因相对表达量的改变，探讨中药癌痛克的抗胃癌作用机制。方法以不同浓度癌痛克作用SGC-7901细胞，CCK-8检测细胞增殖抑制率，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率细胞周期，RT—PCR方法检测细胞内Bcl-2基因表达变化。结果2～50μg／ml癌痛克可抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡，其抑制及诱导凋亡效应呈浓度依赖性；细胞周期分析处于G1期细胞百分比明显增多，处于G2／M期的细胞减少，Rb基因mRNA表达上调。结论中药癌痛克可通过抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖或诱导其凋亡，且其机制可能通过上调Rb基因表达途径使细胞阻滞在G1期，进而诱导细胞凋亡。     

穿心莲内酯体外对人胃腺癌BGC823细胞增殖凋亡的影响

目的探讨穿心莲内酯（andrographolide,AD）对人胃癌细胞株BGC-823细胞增殖、细胞周期以及细胞凋亡的影响。方法分别采用MTT法、流式细胞术和流式细胞仪AnnexinV／PI双染色法检测AD对BGC-823细胞体外增殖、细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响：应用光镜和透射电镜观察不同浓度的AD作用后BGC．823细胞形态学改变。结果各浓度组AD均对人低分化胃癌细胞株BGC-823的增殖有抑制作用。并具有时间和浓度依赖关系（均P〈0．05）。浓度7．5μg／ml以下的AD抑制效果较弱,而15．0-60．0μg／ml抑制效果显著提高（P〈0．05）,60．0μg／ml以上抑制率增高不显著（P〉0．05）。24、48和72h的IC50分别为（35．3±4．3）、（25．5±3．5）和（18．2±2．7）μg／ml。BGC-823细胞经AD作用后,G0／G1期细胞的比例增加,S期和G2/M期细胞的比例下降,细胞被阻滞在G0／G1期,呈浓度依赖关系。AD浓度为7．5、10．0和15．0μg／ml组作用24h后,早期凋亡率分别为（19．3±4．7）％、（29．4±4．1）％和（52．7±6．7）％,晚期凋亡率为（10．8±1．8）％、（10．9±4．7）％和（14．7±4．8）％,均显著高于阴性对照组的早期凋亡率[（3．4±1．0）％]和晚期凋亡率[（4．1±0．7）％],差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,并呈浓度依赖关系。结论AD能抑制BGC-823细胞增殖、阻滞其细胞周期在G0／G1期和诱导其细胞凋亡．是潜在的胃癌抗肿瘤中药制剂成分。     

Tet-on基因表达系统调控HIF-1α表达对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨HIF-1α表达在体外对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响。方法利用Tet—on基因表达系统调控HePG2细胞HIF-1α的表达，观察细胞凋亡。结果酶切和DNA测序证实Tet—on基因表达系统反应质粒P^tre-hif-1α构建成功。获得了受强力霉素调控、稳定表达HIF-1α的肝癌细胞。经阿霉素诱导凋亡后，强力霉素终浓度为0μg／ml、0．02μg／ml、0．2μg／ml、1μg／ml、2μg／ml、5μg／ml时的细胞凋亡率分别为59．6％、50．9％、38．1％、30．5％、23．9％、18．3％；强力霉素0．02μg／ml、0．2μg／ml、1μg／ml、2μg／ml、5μg／ml处理细胞后，Casepase-3活性分别降低了2．3、5．5、8．7、12．6、18．8倍。RT—PCR检测结果显示，随着强力霉素浓度的增加，HIF-1α表达水平增加，Survivin和Bcl-2基因表达强度逐渐增加，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论HIF-1α基因在体外可以抑制肝癌细胞凋亡，而且随着HIF-1α表达水平的增加，对肝癌细胞的凋亡抑制作用进一步加强，可能与HIF-1α诱导survivin和Bcl-2的表达及抑制casepase-3的活性有关。     

黄精多糖对TNF-α作用的大鼠成骨细胞增殖、凋亡影响及其机制研究

目的探讨黄精多糖(polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide,PSP)对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)作用的大鼠成骨细胞增殖、凋亡影响及其可能作用的机制。方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度的PSP对TNF-α诱导的成骨细胞增殖能力的影响,筛选出PSP的适宜浓度;通过流式细胞术检测PSP对TNF-α诱导的成骨细胞凋亡能力的影响。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测PSP对TNF-α作用的成骨细胞中miR-212表达的影响;运用蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测成骨细胞中Cyclin D1、Bc L-2、Bax、P21的蛋白表达水平。结果 TNF-α可抑制成骨细胞增殖,促进P21蛋白表达,而抑制Cyclin D1蛋白表达。PSP不同剂量组可明显促进成骨细胞增殖,令Cyclin D1蛋白表达上调,而P21蛋白表达下调; TNF-α可促进成骨细胞凋亡,上调Bax表达,而降低Bc L-2、miR-212表达,PSP可提高miR-212的表达水平,上调miR-212表达可显著逆转TNF-α对成骨细胞的作用;抑制miR-212表达可明显逆转PSP对TNF-α诱导的成骨细胞增殖及凋亡的作用。结论黄精多糖可通过上调miR-212表达,进而促进成骨细胞增殖及抑制细胞凋亡。     

异丙酚对肿瘤坏死因子诱导的内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)凋亡的影响.方法3～4代人脐静脉内皮细胞于融合状态,随机分为5组:①TNF-α组(P0+TNF-α);②12.5μmol/L异丙酚和TNF-α组(P12.5+TNF-α);③25μmol/L异丙酚和TNF-α组(P25+TNF-α);④50μmol/L异内酚和TNF-α组(P50+TNF-α);⑤100μmol/L异丙酚和TNF-α组(P100+TNF-α);TNF-α终末浓度为2000U/ml,各组先加入不同浓度的异丙酚孵育30min后再加入TNF-α共同培养24h。用DNA原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术检测细胞凋亡指数(AI),并用透射电镜观察细胞形态学改变。结果 肿瘤坏死因子组(P0+TNF-α)可见较多凋亡细胞,不同浓度的异丙酚预处理后再加入肿瘤坏死因子的各组(P12。5+TNF-α、P25+TNF-α、P50+TNF-α、P100+TNF-α细胞凋亡指数与肿瘤坏死因子组(P0+TNF-α)比较,均有明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且随异丙酚浓度的升高,AI逐渐减小,内皮细胞损伤明显减轻。结论 临床相关浓度的异丙酚可抑制TNF-α诱导的内皮细胞凋亡。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.