电视胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸体会

目的 为探讨电视胸腔镜手术下内镜切割缝合器、胸膜固定术、术后胸腔闭式引流持续负压吸引在自发性气胸、肺大疱治疗中的应用。方法 通过对32例肺大疱破裂致复发性自发性气胸患者采用内镜切割缝合器切除肺大疱、干纱布壁层胸膜摩擦固定术、术后持续负压吸引。结果 32例病例术后恢复良好，无进行性出血、反应性发热、严重胸痛，肺完全复张。胸腔引流量40～300ml，平均180ml，术后1～3d，平均2．4d拔除引流管，术后随访无复发病例。结论 内镜切割缝合器切除肺大疱、干纱布壁层胸膜摩擦固定术、术后持续负压吸引在减少自发性气胸复发及防治肺泡漏、肺膨胀不全、进行性出血等并发症方面有明确的效果。     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口治疗自发性气胸

目的总结电视胸腔镜辅助小切口（video—assisted mini—thoracotomy,VAMT）治疗自发性气胸的体会。方法63例自发性气胸患者,均行VAMT。对于直径≤1cm的9例肺大疱行单纯结扎,对直径〉1cm的39例行切除,对未发现明显肺大疱的15例行肺尖部分切除。结果全部手术均顺利完成,无严重并发症发生。术后有1例患者切口液化,1例肺尖部切除范围较大者出现胸顶部少量积气,经对症处理后愈合良好。结论VAMT肺大疱切除治疗自发性气胸具有操作简单、安全性高、损伤较轻等优点,值得推广应用。     

胸腔镜手术治疗老年自发性气胸70例

目的 探讨老年自发性气胸胸腔镜手术治疗的价值.方法 1994年9月～ 2011年3月胸腔镜手术治疗70例60岁以上老年自发性气胸,采用切除,缝扎或结扎方法处理肺大疱,对于中重度肺气肿者采用内镜直线切割缝合器加奈维垫片切除肺大疱,对于肺气肿肺大疱具有区域无功能肺者行肺减容术.结果 电视胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS） VATS 33例,胸腔镜辅助小切口（video-assisted minithoraeotomy,VAMT） 37例.肺大疱切除43例,结扎或缝扎13例,切除加缝扎或结扎11例,肺减容术3例.VATS手术时间30 ～70 min,平均38 min;术中出血量20～100 ml,平均35 ml;术后带管时间3～78 d,平均12.9 d;术后住院时间3～81 d,平均13.7 d.VAMT手术时间40 ～85 min,平均50 min;术中出血量20 ～150 ml,平均40 ml;术后带管时间6～26 d,平均11.8d;术后住院时间7～28 d,平均12.9d.6例术后持续漏气超过15d,无其他并发症发生.随访54例,其中＜1年5例,1～4年12例,＞5年37例,复发2例（3.7％）,术后11、17个月各1例,经胸腔闭式引流术治愈.结论 胸腔镜手术治疗老年性自发性气胸安全、有效,奈维垫片应用可避免术后肺漏气,扩大手术适应证.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸（附126例报告）

目的总结电视胸腔镜手术（video—assisted thoracoscopic surgery，VATS）治疗自发性气胸的经验。方法2001年5月-2007年8月，对126例自发性气胸行VATS，其中同期双侧VATS12例，胸腔镜辅助小切口21例（1例行右肺上叶、右下肺大疱切除）。肺大疱用内镜缝合切割器切除或结扎，生物蛋白胶喷覆创缘，不用胸膜固定术。结果术后平均住院7．4d（3～26d），胸腔引流管放置平均5．4d（1～14d）。术后并发症10例（2例剖胸止血）。全部病例治愈，随访3个月～6年，无气胸复发。结论VATS是彻底性治疗自发性气胸的首选方法，肺大疱切除是常用术式，疗效确切、微创、安全。     

胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸（附88例报道）

目的探讨电视胸腔镜（video—assisted thoracoscopic surgery，VATS）治疗自发性气胸的价值。方法1999年3月～2006年4月，对88例自发性气胸行VATS。做3个2cm切口（一个置入镜头，另两个操作孔），应用切割缝合器行肺大疱切除及胸膜固定术。结果88例手术均成功，无中转开胸。手术时间1．0～2．5h，平均1．5h。术中出血〈60ml。1例术后血胸，24小时引流量〉700ml，当天行剖胸止血，出血原因为胸壁粘连带钛夹脱落。2例漏气时间〉4天。术后住院时间4～10d，平均6d。88例随访1～84个月，平均48个月，无复发。结论胸腔镜是治疗自发性气胸的首选方法。     

胸腔镜胸膜固定术的临床应用

目的 探讨胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗气胸和恶性胸积液的效果。方法 对1997年9月至2003年9月间采用胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗气胸和恶性胸积液患者30例进行回顾性分析，其中肺大泡合并自发性气胸21例，恶性胸腔积液9例。结果 本组所有患者无手术死亡。21例肺大泡患者经胸腔镜切除肺大泡并胸膜固定手术，术后平均住院时间7．4天，引流管放置时间2．8天，胸腔引流量180ml，无气胸复发。9例恶性胸腔积液患者术后平均住院时间11．2天，引流管放置时间4．4天，平均胸腔引流量420ml，随访3～16个月未见胸积液复发。结论 使用胸腔镜施行胸膜固定术具有疗效确切、创伤小的优点，可以有效地防止气胸和胸积液复发。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸130例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗自发性气胸的价值。方法 1999年3月～2009年12月,对130例自发性气胸行VATS下肺大疱切除及胸膜固定术。结果 130例手术均成功,无中转开胸。手术时间30～150min,平均45min;术中出血50ml。1例术后出现血胸,24h引流量700ml,二次VATS探查出血原因为胸壁粘连带钛夹脱落。10例漏气时间4d,均为合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者。术后住院3～10d,平均5d。130例随访1～84个月,平均48个月,无复发。结论 VAIS安全可靠、创伤小,是治疗自发性气胸的首选方法 。     

电视胸腔镜肺大疱切除、胸膜不固定的疗效观察

目的探讨电视胸腔镜单纯肺大疱切除、胸膜不固定的疗效. 方法 2001年6月～2003年5月,我们对23例自发性气胸及液气胸行电视胸腔镜肺大疱切除术,术中用Endo-GIA切除肺大疱后,常规放置胸腔引流管. 结果手术均一次成功,手术时间30～90 min,平均48 min.术后胸腔引流1～5 d,平均2 d.住院时间4～9 d,平均5.6 d.23例随访1～14个月,1例复发,再次手术后治愈. 结论电视胸腔镜单纯肺大疱切除、胸膜不固定手术治疗自发性气胸近期疗效可靠,复发率低,远期疗效有待进一步观察.     

家族性自发性气胸5例

我们遇到一家两代5例均患自发性气胸，现报道如下。 病人男，28岁。无诱因左侧胸痛伴活动后气促1周。查体：气管向右略偏，左上肺叩诊鼓音，左肺呼吸音明显弱。X线胸片示左肺野外带无肺纹区约50％，左肋膈角消失，左侧膈肌顶见液气平面。诊断：左侧自发性液气胸。于2005年8月在双腔气管插管全麻下，左侧腋下胸壁小切口胸腔镜辅助下开胸探查，术中见左肺尖处有12个黄豆到葡萄大小的肺大疱，集合成团，用强生75^#直线切割闭合器行左肺尖（肺大疱）部分切除，胸膜固定术。术后恢复良好，随访1年未复发。[第一段]     

电视胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸68例

自发性气胸是由于各种原因使肺和脏层胸膜破裂，气体由肺经裂孔进入胸膜腔所致。其原因多为肺大疱破裂所致。保守治疗以观察、抽气及胸腔引流为主，但复发率高。有文献报道：自发性气胸胸腔闭式引流后复发率为16％～84％。经典的手术治疗为开胸直视切除肺大疱，但创伤大，不易被患者接受。自2003年5月至2007年8月，我院应用电视辅助胸腔镜手术（VATS）治疗自发性气胸68例，疗效满意。现报告如下：     

Video-assisted thoracic surgical treatment of initial spontaneous pneumothorax in young patients

BACKGROUND: The treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults has been controversial. Conventional treatment consisting of chest tube thoracostomy may be associated with morbidity at the time of tube insertion, prolonged hospitalization, and interval operation in many patients. As spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults is usually associated with apical blebs, we hypothesized that video-assisted thoracic surgical (VATS) resection of the blebs at the time of the first pneumothorax may be an effective treatment associated with low morbidity and short hospital stays. METHODS: From July 1992 to February 2001, 156 young adults were treated for spontaneous pneumothorax. Within 12 hours of presentation to the emergency department patients underwent semielective VATS with bleb resection and pleuradesis. During follow-up patients were observed for recurrent pneumothorax. RESULTS: There were 69 men (44%) and 87 women (56%). The median age was 19 years old (range 14 to 38 years old). Patients were predominantly tall and thin. Patients were mildly symptomatic at the time of presentation. Apical blebs were seen in all patients and the presence of blebs was confirmed in the pathologic specimen. In 23 patients bleeding was associated with bleb rupture. There were no postoperative air leaks. The mean hospital stay was 2.4 +/- 0.5 days. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 96 months (median 62 months). There were no recurrences on the index side. CONCLUSIONS: VATS resection of apical blebs is associated with low morbidity and short hospitalization and provides an attractive alternative to the conventional treatment of initial tube thoracostomy and possible interval repeat thoracostomy or operation. VATS may be an effective first line treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults. Due to the pathophysiology of this disease, patients should be closely followed for the occurrence of pneumothorax on the contralateral side.     

Thoracoscopic ipsilateral approach to contralateral bullous lesion in patients with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax

BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has gained a prominent role in routine thoracic surgical practice. This study describes a novel ipsilateral approach to a contralateral bullous lesion using VATS to achieve simultaneous bilateral bleb excision and pleurodesis. METHODS: From 2001 to 2003, 6 patients underwent our ipsilateral approach with VATS for bilateral pneumothorax. The clinical features, surgical indications, and patient outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: All the patients were men between 18 and 35 years old (mean age, 25.8 years). The ipsilateral-approach VATS procedure for bilateral pneumothorax was performed successfully in 4 patients. Two patients were switched to a one-stage sequential bilateral VATS procedure. The bullous lesions were at the apex or confined to the upper lobe in 5 patients; multiple lobes were involved in 1 patient. The bullae were resected with an Endo-GIA stapler or ligated with a homemade endoloop. The mean duration of operation was 54.8 minutes. The mean time of chest tube removal was 4.7 days after insertion, and the mean postoperative stay was 5.7 days. There was no recurrence of pneumothorax during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The thoracoscopic ipsilateral approach is technically feasible for treating patients with bilateral pneumothorax.     

低成本两孔胸腔镜手术治疗原发性气胸

目的探讨一种简单、微创、经济的腔镜方法治疗自发性气胸。 方法收集2011年10月至2016年2月胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸84例,其中两孔胸腔镜肺大疱结扎54例(试验组),三孔胸腔镜肺大疱切割缝合器楔形切除30例(对照组)。试验组,根据胸壁不同厚度把肺大疱拉近操作孔或拉至操作孔或拉出操作孔用手直接结扎/缝扎后做机械摩擦的胸膜固定术;对照组按常规进行,用切割缝合器行肺楔形切后做机械摩擦的胸膜固定术。 结果两组患者的临床效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组的住院费用低于对照组[(16 747.30±2 586.41) 元 vs (21 088.54±6 005.68)元,P<0.05]。 结论两孔胸腔镜下肺大疱用手缝扎/结扎技术治疗自发性气胸简单、微创、经济。     

Stapler blebectomy and pleural abrasion by video-assisted thoracoscopy for spontaneous pneumothorax

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) pleurodesis in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with particular reference to the postoperative period and the rate of recurrence after pleural abrasion. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three patients who underwent VATS management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax were retrospectively reviewed. They were 113 males and 20 females with median age of 26 (range 12-37). Among these patients, 114 underwent VATS for recurrent pneumothorax and 19 for persistent air-leakage at the first episode. During surgical procedure, in 78% of cases, parenchymal blebs were identified and resected by stapler resection. All patients were submitted to pleural abrasion. RESULTS: No intra- or postoperative deaths occurred. Postoperative complications were persistent air-leak for more than 7 days in 6 patients (4.3%) bleeding in 3 patients (2.2%). The median chest-tube duration and hospital stay were 2 (range 2-11) and 3 (range 3-12) days, respectively. Median follow-up period of 53 (range 6-96) months was complete for all patients. Five episodes of recurrent pneumothorax were encountered and 4 of them, because of major entity, required re-do VATS with stapler resection and pleural abrasion: their postoperative period and residual follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: The goal in the surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax, which often affects "apparently healthy" young patients, is to secure the less recurrence rate with no mortality and quite null morbidity and functional impairment. VATS stapler resection and pleural abrasion is a safe procedure allowing a good management of the disease with low complication rate, short chest-drain duration, hospital stay and recurrence rate quite similar to those referred for other procedures such as pleural poudrage or limited pleurectomy.     

Cathamenial pneumothorax

Cathamenial pneumothorax is a relatively low-frequency pathology (approximately 100 cases cited in the literature) characterized by recurrent pneumothorax episodes during the menstruation period. We report on a 34-year-old female patient who had recurrent pneumothorax that did not respond to chest drainage and whose presentation was directly related to the menstruation period. Our patient also had a significant clinical record for pelvic endometriosis. She underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic exploration (VATS) of the pleural cavity and dystrophic parenchymal blebs of the middle lobe were found. An atypical resection of the bollous tissue was performed and pleurodesis completed the intervention. During VATS no ectopic endometriosis foci or diaphragmatic fenestrations (widely considered as a possible cause of this clinical picture) were evidenced.     

Modified needlescopic video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of modified needlescopic video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for treating primary spontaneous pneumothorax. The efficacy between apical pleurectomy and pleural abrasion through this technique was also compared. Methods Between 2001 and 2003, 65 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax underwent modified needlescopic VATS procedures. The blebs were resected with endoscopic linear staplers. Pleurodesis was achieved by apical pleurectomy before September 2002 (n = 30) and by pleural abrasion for the remainder of the study period (n = 35). Results Mean operation time was 103 min in the pleurectomy group and 78 min in the abrasion group (p = 0.001). Complications developed in four patients (6.2%): prolonged air leaks in three patients and wound infection in one patient. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.8 ± 1.8 days. The two groups had comparable doses of requested analgesics, complication rates, postoperative chest tube and hospital stays, and postoperative pulmonary function test. Ipsilateral recurrence did not occur in any of the pleurectomy group patients after a mean follow-up of 31 months, but it occurred in three patients (8.6%) in the abrasion group after a mean follow-up of 19 months. Conclusions Modified needlescopic VATS provides a feasible and safe procedure for treating primary spontaneous pneumothorax. In terms of efficacy, apical pleurectomy is more effective in preventing ipsilateral recurrence than pleural abrasion.     

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: one-stage treatment by bilateral videothoracoscopy

BACKGROUND: The goal of the study was to report our 7-year experience with single-stage bilateral videothoracoscopy for bleb excision and pleural abrasion in patients suffering primary spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS: From November 1992 through June 1999, 12 men were operated on in our department. Preoperative chest computed tomographic scans were obtained for all patients. Operative indications included simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax (n = 2), contralateral recurrence (n = 1), ipsilateral recurrence with contralateral blebs or bullae, and job restrictions (n = 9). RESULTS: Mean age at operation was 26+/-6 years. All patients had multiple blebs or bullae located in upper lobes, and 4 patients (33%) had pleural adhesions. All blebs or bullae were resected at operation. The mean number of staple cartridges was 5 per patient (range, 3 to 8). All patients had bilateral pleurabrasion. There were no perioperative complications and no conversion to thoracotomy. The mean operative time was 168+/-17 minutes (range, 140 to 190 minutes). The mean drainage time was 5 days (range, 4 to 26 days) and the mean hospital stay was 7.7+/-1.4 days for 11 of 12 patients. Postoperative complications included prolonged air leak (16.5%), incomplete lung reexpansion (25%), and pleural effusion (8.5%). One patient required reoperation on the right side through transaxillary thoracotomy within 1 month of videothoracoscopy for pleurodesis failure. Follow-up was 100% complete. Mean follow-up is 50+/-34 months (range, 9 to 88 months) and no patient has had recurrence of pneumothorax. All patients except one returned to full occupational activity within 5 weeks of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage bilateral videothoracoscopy for bilateral bleb excision and pleurabrasion is a safe procedure that does not result in major complications and provides excellent long-term results. This approach could be considered in young patients with bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax, or in those requiring radical therapy for the prevention of ipsilateral and contralateral recurrences.     

Incidence of string-like adhesion between thoracic wall and bullae observed during video-assisted thoracic surgery( VATS) for spontaneous pneumothorax

It is not rare that string-like adhesion between lung apex and chest wall is observed during videoassisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for spontaneous pneumothorax. This adhesion may cause hemothorax which requires emergency operation, although the precise incidence of such cases is uncertain. We analyzed consecutive 120 spontaneous pneumothorax cases underwent VATS at Suzuka General Hospital from January 2005 to September 2008. Twenty-one out of 120 (17.5%) were such cases receiving partial resection of the lung including the adhesion after dividing it. Pathological study revealed the bullae close to the adhesion in all cases, suggesting that these adhesion caused after possible former pneumothorax. Thus, 21 cases might be recurrent pneumothorax. Even in clinically 1st onset pneumothorax, those cases may be good indication for VATS.     

Limited axillary thoracotomy vs video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been reported to have a higher pneumothorax recurrence rate than limited axillary thoracotomy (LAT). We investigated the cause of pneumothorax recurrence after VATS by comparing surgical results for VATS and LAT. Methods: Ninety-five patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent resection of pulmonary bullae by VATS (n= 51) or LAT (n= 44). Operating duration, bleeding during surgery, number of resected bullae, duration of postoperative chest tube drainage, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complication, and pneumothorax recurrence were analyzed to compare VATS and LAT in a retrospective study. Results: The duration of surgery, postoperative chest tube drainage, and postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in VATS than in LAT cases (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.005). Bleeding during surgery was significantly less in VATS than in LAT cases (p < 0.005). Numbers of resected bullae were significantly lower in VATS (2.7 ± 2.1) than in LAT cases (3.9 ± 2.7) (p < 0.05). Postoperative pneumothorax recurrence was more frequent in VATS (13.7%) than in LAT cases (6.8%), but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: VATS has many advantages over LAT in treating spontaneous pneumothorax, although the pneumothorax recurrence rate in VATS cases was double that in LAT cases. The lower number of resected bullae in VATS than in LAT cases suggests that overlooking bullae in operation could be responsible for the high recurrence rate in VATS cases. We recommend additional pleurodesis in VATS for spontaneous pneumothorax to prevent postoperative pneumothorax recurrence. Received: 13 August 1997/Accepted: 15 December 1997