白细胞介素—11对小鼠骨髓造血的影响

白细胞介素－１１（ＩＬ－１１）是一种新的造血生长因子，于１９９０年基因克隆成功。本文对ＩＬ－１１的造血调节作用进行了初步的研究，探讨了ＩＬ－１１及其与其它造血因子协同对小鼠骨髓造血祖细胞增殖的促进作用。结果表明，ＩＬ－１１单独对骨髓集落的形成无显著的促进作用，但与多系集落刺激因子ＩＬ－３一起则具有很强的协同作用，能明显促进小鼠骨髓Ｍｅｇ－ＣＦＵ和Ｍｉｘ－ＣＦＵ的形成。     

白细胞介素3基因疗法和白细胞介素6基因疗法的联合造血调控作用

研究了成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法，ＩＬ－６基因疗法以两者联合后对造血系统的影响。结果发现，单用ＩＬ－基因疗法的小鼠白细胞总数，中性粒细胞，骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ，ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ等显著上升，但血小板上升程度经，单用ＩＬ－６基因疗法的小鼠血小板，中性粒细胞，骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ，ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ上晚为显著。     

rhGM—CSF／IL—3融合蛋白对人骨髓造血祖细胞体外培养的研究

研究了ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３融合蛋白对人骨髓造血祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ）集落形成的影响，结果表明ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３能显著促进ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落的形成，分别与ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３单独或联合用药比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ＝ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落的形成对融合蛋白均有剂量依赖性，培养体系浓度在５￣１０ｎ     

IL—3基因疗法对化疗造血损伤的恢复作用

白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）是一种具有很强造血调控作用的细胞因子。本实验观察了成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法对大剂量环磷酰胺体内注射后造血功能损伤小鼠的恢复作用。结果表明：接爱ＩＬ－３基因疗法的实验小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板数量降低程度减弱，回升速度加快，其脾脏和骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ、ＣＦＵ－Ｓ水平显著地高于对照小鼠，可见成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法可显著地降低大剂量化疗后造     

应用IL—2和IL—3联合基因疗法对骨髓移植后造血及免疫…

以大剂量化疗后骨髓功能严重损伤再给予同基因骨髓移植的小鼠为实验模型，动态观察了联合应用成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法对同基因骨髓移植后实验小鼠骨髓造血免疫功能重建的影响。结果表明，ＩＬ－２基因疗法对造血重建无明显效果，ＩＬ－３基因疗法对免疫重建无明显作用，但联合应用ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法能显著加快骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ及ＣＦＵ－Ｅ恢复过程及提高骨髓细胞ＮＫ、     

IL－3基因疗法对化疗造血损伤的恢复作用

白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）是一种具有很强造血调控作用的细胞因子，本实验观察了成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法对大剂量环磷酰胺体内注射后造血功能损伤小鼠的恢复作用。结果表明：接受ＩＬ－３基因疗法的实验小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板数量降低程度减弱，回升速度加快，其脾脏和骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ、ＣＦＵ－Ｓ水平显著地高于对照小鼠，可见成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－３基因疗法可显著地降低大剂量化疗后造血损伤程度，并能显著地促进受损的造血功能尽快恢复，提示若将ＩＬ－３基因疗法与大剂量化疗联合应用将提高肿瘤治疗的效果。     

应用IL-2和IL-3联合基因疗法对骨髓移植后造血及免疫功能重建的影响

以大剂量化疗后骨髓功能严重损伤再给予同基因骨髓移植的小鼠为实验模型，动态观察了联合应用成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法对同基因骨髓移植后实验小鼠骨髓造血免疫功能重建的影响。结果表明，ＩＬ－２基因疗法对造血重建无明显效果，ＩＬ－３基因疗法对免疫重建无明显作用，但联合应用ＩＬ－２基因疗法和ＩＬ－３基因疗法能显著加快骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ及ＣＦＵ－Ｅ恢复过程及提高骨髓细胞ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ活性和ＣｏｎＡ刺激的骨髓细胞增殖反应。提示联合应用成纤维细胞介导的ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－３基因疗法能显著加快骨髓移植后造血及免疫重建过程，从而有可能提高骨髓移植成功率。     

rhIL－6、rhGM－CSF和rhEPO对人骨髓造血干细胞的调节作用

重组人白细胞介素６（ｒｈＩＬ－６）和重组人粒—单细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）与正常人造血干细胞培养１周后，ｒｈＩＬ－６组干细胞数增至４．７±０．７倍；ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组增至９．３±１．０倍；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ—ＣＳＦ组增至１３．４±３．３倍。与对照组比较，Ｐ均＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组未见ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＥＰＯ组则ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落明显高于ｒｈＥＰＯ组，ｐ＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组和ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组可见ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ浆落，无ＣＦＵ＋Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组有ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｂＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＋ＥＰＯ联合应用，有ＣＦＵ－ｎ，ｍ，Ｍ，Ｅ混合集落数增多。实验结果提示ｒｈＩＬ－６对造血干细胞有直接的刺激作用，主要刺激粒—单系组细胞增殖。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＥＰＯ有协同作用，能促进ｒｈＥＰＯ刺激红系祖细胞的作用。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ亦有协同作用，可以刺激多能干细胞形成混合集落。     

重组人IL－6对大鼠急性白血病细胞体外增殖的抑制

我们已报道重组大鼠ＩＬ－３和小鼠ＧＭ－ＣｓＦ对ＬＴ１２白血病细胞的增殖有不同程度的抑制活性。本研究发现重组人ＩＬ－６在１０００～５０００Ｕ／ｍｌ呈剂量依赖性抑制ＬＴＩ２白血病祖细胞集落形成及ＤＮＡ合成。５０００Ｕ／ｍｌ对ＣＦＵ－Ｌ的抑制率达５２．９％，而对ＤＮＡ合成则为４１．３％，此外，ＩＬ－６还明显增加ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ对ＬＴ１２细胞的抑制活性，对ＣＦＵ－Ｌ的抑制强弱依次为ＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、及ＩＬ－６＋ＩＬ－３，ＩＬ－６＋ＩＬ－３＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ三因子的结合并不能增加抑制效应；对ＤＮＡ合成的抑制作用为ＩＬ－６＋ＩＬ－３＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＞ＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＞ＩＬ－３＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＞ＩＬ－６＋ＩＬ－３。提示上述造血因子除刺激正常造血外，在白血病的治疗中可能具有一定意义。     

成纤维细胞介导白细胞介素6基因疗法对化疗导致的造血损伤的恢复作用

研究了成纤维细胞介导的人白细胞介素６（Ｉｎｔｅｔｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－６，ＩＬ－６）基因疗法对预先体内注射１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ５－氟尿嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）所造成的造血损伤小鼠模型的治疗作用。结果发现，外周血血小板数量在移殖高分泌ＩＬ－６成纤维细胞后第１０天开始持续上升，第２２天血小板数量恢复到化疗前水平，中性粒细胞数量也显著增高，但对白细胞恢复没有明显的促进作用。骨髓和脾脏ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ及ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ在体内移殖高分泌ＩＬ－６成纤维细胞后，体外动态观察发现：骨髓和脾脏ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ在第４～７天左右数量为０，在第１０天左右数量开始上升，于第１６天左右数量显著增高，对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ具有明显的恢复作用，ＣＦＵ－Ｓ数量也显著增高。表明成纤维细胞介导的白细胞介素６基因疗法能显著治疗化疗导致的造血损伤，可望为肿瘤放、化疗导致的机体造血损伤提供新的治疗途径。     

Treatment of old mice with IL-2 corrects dysregulated IL-2 and IL-4 production

Splenic T cells from old BALB/c mice, activated in vitro withantibody to CD3e, secrete more IL-4 but less IL-2 than splenicT cells from young mice. The age-associated increase in IL-4secretion is associated with a significantly increased concentrationof intracellular IL-4 and its mRNA, although there is no increasein the number of activated T cells with intracellular IL-4.In contrast, the age-associated decrease in IL-2 secretion isassociated with a significant decrease in the number of activatedT cells with intracellular IL-2. In vivo there is a similarage-associated change in the number of activated T cells withdetectable cytokine. The number of activated T cells with intracellularIL-4 is comparable in old and young mice, while the number ofactivated T cells with intracellular IL-2 is significantly decreasedin old compared with young mice. Of great interest is the factthat old mice continuously exposed to IL-2 In vivo followingthe transplantation of J558 cells expressing the transfectedIL-2 gene product have an increased number of splenic T cellswith intracellular IL-2 that equals the level of such cellsobserved in young mice. Most important, the effect of continuousIL-2 administration in vitro was stable as spleen cells fromold, IL-2-treated mice when stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3ehad a young-like pattern of both intracellular IL-2 and IL-4expression as well as IL-2 and IL-4 secretion following in vitroactivation. Thus, it appears that exposure of old mice to exogenousIL-2 can redress the age-associated imbalance in cytokine expressionin vivo and cytokine secretion in vitro.     

Interleukin-35: odd one out or part of the family?

Summary: Advances in cytokine biology have helped us understand the complex communication that takes place between antigen-presenting cells and cells of the adaptive immune system, such as T cells, which collectively mediate an appropriate immune response to a plethora of pathogens while maintaining tolerance to self-antigens. The interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine family remains one of the most important and includes IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and the recently identified IL-35. All four are heterodimeric cytokines, composed of an α chain (p19, p28, or p35) and a β chain (p40 or Ebi3), and signal through unique pairings of five receptor chains (IL-12Rβ1, IL-12Rβ2, IL-23R, gp130, and WSX-1). Despite the interrelationship between the cytokines themselves and their receptors, their source, activity, and kinetics of expression are quite different. Studies using genetically deficient mice have greatly enhanced our understanding of the biology of these cytokines. However, interpretation of these data has been complicated by the recent realization that p40^−/−, p35^−/−, and Ebi3^−/− mice all lack more than one cytokine (IL-12/IL-23, IL-12/IL-35, and IL-27/IL-35, respectively). In this review, we compare and contrast the biology of this expanded IL-12 family and re-evaluate data derived from the analysis of these dual cytokine-deficient mice. We also discuss how the opposing characteristics of the IL-12 family siblings may help to promote a balanced immune response.     

应用7TD1细胞系建立重组人白细胞介素11的检测方法

白细胞介素１１（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－１１，ＩＬ－１１）是一种具有广泛生物学活性的细胞因子。本文应用ＩＬ－６依赖的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系７ＴＤ１建立了检测重组人白细胞介素１１（ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔｈｕｍａｎＩＬ－１１，ｒｈＩＬ－１１）的方法。实验结果表明，７ＴＤ１细胞系对ＩＬ－１１具有良好的反应性和剂量依赖关系。我们将这种方法应用于本实验室对ｒｈＩＬ－１１的检测，取得了良好的效果。     

T辅助细胞因子在特发性泪腺炎小鼠MRL/lpr中的表达研究

目的 利用MRL/lpr小鼠建立特发性泪腺炎模型,观察其泪腺及颌下淋巴结中IL-4、IL-17、IFN-γ的表达,从而对Th细胞因子在该病中的免疫作用进行探讨.方法 观察3月龄MRL/lpr小鼠泪腺淋巴病变并以BALB/c小鼠为正常对照.分别对两组小鼠的泪腺及颌下淋巴结行IL-4、IL一17、IFN-γ免疫组化染色,计算淋巴细胞阳性表达量并对结果进行统计学分析,同时对MRL/lpr小鼠颌下淋巴结行IL-4、IL-17、IFN-Y与CD4荧光双标染色观察.结果 MRL/lpr小鼠泪腺浸润淋巴细胞中以IL-4表达为主,IL-17及IFN-γ仅少量表达,三者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).MRL/lpr小鼠颌下淋巴结中IL-4、IL-17阳性细胞数明显多于IFN-γ阳性细胞(P<0.05),且IL-4、IL-17、IFN-γ表达均较BALB/c小鼠明显增高(P<0.05).MRL/lpr小鼠颌下淋巴结中IL-4、IL-17、IFN-γ与CD4细胞存在共表达.结论 MRL/lpr小鼠是一种理想的特发性泪腺炎动物模型,IL-4介导的Th2免疫应答在病变中起到主导作用,IL-17与该病发生有关并可能在局部及全身发挥不同的免疫调节作用.     

IL-25与免疫相关疾病关系的研究进展

IL-25又称为IL-17E,是细胞因子IL-17家族的成员之一,主要由活化的Th细胞和肥大细胞所分泌。与其他家族成员不同,IL-25能够诱导Th2型细胞因子如IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的产生,介导Th2类免疫应答,还能够影响Th17细胞的分化并调节自身免疫性疾病的发生发展。总之,IL-25在多种免疫性疾病的发生发展中都发挥着重要的作用。     

IL-21 and IL-21 receptor

Interleukin (IL)-21 is a new member of the type I cytokine superfamily. Although it is most homologous to IL-15, it has a unique receptor chain, IL-21R, that pairs with the γ-common cytokine receptor chain. The first experiments examining the biology of the IL-21 pathway reveal that it is a cytokine with effects on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells. Mice deficient in the IL-21 R have also been made, and are being examined for the effects of the IL-21/IL-21R pathway in vivo. Here we summarize our current knowledge of this new cytokine pathway, and its role in innate and adaptive immunity.     

人外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的分离、鉴定和功能特征

目的： 分离人外周血CD4＋ CD25＋ Treg细胞, 并检测其功能.方法： RT-PCR技术检测CD4＋ CD25＋ Treg细胞中Foxp3的mRNA表达;与CD8＋ T细胞和CD4＋ CD25- T细胞共同培养, 或加入外源性IL-2及IL- 4, 检测其抑制功能;流式细胞术检测IFN-γ、 IL- 4和IL-10.结果： CD4＋ CD25＋ Treg细胞高表达Foxp3, 主要分泌IL-10, 能够抑制CD8＋ T细胞和CD4＋ CD25- T细胞的增殖, 高浓度IL-2能够阻断CD4＋ CD25＋ Treg细胞的抑制功能.结论： CD4＋ CD25＋ Treg细胞是一群具有免疫抑制功能的调节性T细胞, 这种抑制作用能够被高浓度IL-2阻断.     

Increased IL-6 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with sarcoidosis: correlation with the clinical parameters

A variety of cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, but the exact roles of IL-6 and IL-8 are not yet clear. We studied these cytokine levels in BALF from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), systemic screlosis (SSc) with interstitial lung disease and control subjects. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly elevated in sarcoidosis, IPF and SSc with interstitial lung disease compared with control subjects. Subjects with sarcoidosis had significantly increased levels of both cytokines compared with controls when the cytokine values were corrected by the total albumin content and the two cytokine levels correlated with each other (r=0.876). BALF IL-6 levels correlated with percent lymphocytes and percent CD3⁺ cells. Moreover, when sarcoidosis patients were divided into three groups, those who needed steroid therapy or had progressive disease showed increased cytokine levels in BALF over stable or improved patients. These observations suggest that locally derived IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in sarcoidosis and correlated with activity of this granulomatous lung disease.     

Kinetics of Lymphokine Production in HIV+ Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Interleukin 2

This study presents the kinetics of CD4/CD25 cell numbers, serum sCD25 levels, and intracellular production and release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-16 (IL-16) in 11 HIV+ patients treated with six cycles of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) plus six MUI of subcutaneous IL-2 compared to 10 HIV+ patients treated with HAART alone. IL-2 therapy induced moderate effects on CD4 T cell recovery and increased CD4/CD25+ cells and sCD25 levels after 2 weeks, while intracellular and secreted IL-2 was reduced and IL-16 was increased at the same time point. After 24 weeks, while HAART-treated patients had increased IL-2 production, in IL-2 treated patients, cytokine production was unaltered compared to pretreatment values. Decreased in vitro IL-2 production may depend on a feedback inhibition by IL-2 infusion. Because of its known antiviral effects, the increased IL-16 production seen after 2 weeks in IL-2-treated individuals may produce beneficial effects on HIV disease. The kinetics of cytokine production may serve to define better the use IL-2 in clinical trials.     

Regulation of multiple cytokine signalling pathways by SOCS3 is independent of SOCS2

Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 3 is an essential regulator of cytokine signalling, and in turn its expression is tightly regulated. Data from overexpression studies in cell lines suggest that SOCS2 regulates SOCS3 protein degradation, by forming a molecular bridge to an E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. Whether this regulation is relevant in primary cells is unknown. In this study, we utilized Socs2 ^{? / ?} mice to examine the role of SOCS2 in modulating SOCS3 expression and degradation, and its impact on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 signalling in primary haemopoietic cells. Both biochemical and biological analyses demonstrated unperturbed SOCS3 expression and cytokine signalling in the absence of SOCS2. Our results suggest that SOCS2 is not a physiological regulator of SOCS3 expression and action in primary haemopoietic cells.