异种脱细胞真皮基质作为软组织填充物的生物相容性研究

目的 探讨异种脱细胞真皮基质(Xeno-ADM)作为软组织填充物植入大鼠体内的生物相容性,为临床软组织缺损凹陷修复提供参考依据.方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为3组:异种组、异体组和自体对照组.分别将Xeno-ADM、异体脱细胞真皮基质和自体真皮植入各组大鼠背部皮下.术后2～32周,根据病理组织学和形态学变化,评估Xeno-ADM的生物相容性.结果 移植早期(<16周),异种组移植物炎性反应程度较异体组强烈,外周包膜厚度较异体组更厚,血管化程度低于异体组.16～32周,异种组与异体组炎性反应无明显区别,外周包膜形成不明显.结论 Xeno-ADM具有良好的生物相容性,适合作为一种生物软组织填充材料.     

脱细胞异体(种)真皮基质与自体微粒皮混合移植16例

临床资料 :本组患者 16例 ,其中男 12例 ,女 4例 ,年龄(2 8.70± 9.82 )岁 ,烧伤总面积 (5 7.2 3± 16 .31) % ,其中Ⅲ度(31.2 8± 8.2 3) %TBSA,观察部位 2 7处。大腿、小腿以冷冻异体皮覆盖 8例 13处。上臂、前臂以甘油异体皮覆盖 2例 2处。前臂以戊二醛猪皮覆盖 5例 10处 ,新鲜猪皮覆盖 1例 2处。材料与方法 :(1)脱细胞异体 (种 )真皮基质选用启东市生物制品研究所提供的脱细胞异种 (猪 )真皮和北京杰亚生物公司提供的脱细胞异体真皮 ,其中异种 (猪 )真皮基质有18块 ,异体真皮基质 9块 ,最大面积为 10cm× 12cm,最小面积为 5cm× 7cm。…     

十二烷基硫酸钠制备脱细胞真皮基质的实验研究

目的 探讨十二烷基硫酸钠制备脱细胞真皮基质的最佳浓度及作用时间.方法 取临床截肢患者废弃的皮肤,分成90块,随机分成6组,每块约1 cm×1 cm,分别置于0.1%、0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.5%、5.0%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中脱细胞,每隔8 h取材一次,分别取材15次.取材标本行大体和组织学观察.结果 肉眼观察十二烷基硫酸钠作用8 h后,0.25%组可将表皮与真皮完整分离;光镜检查显示0.25%十二烷基硫酸钠在作用40 h后,能将真皮内的细胞及细胞碎片脱净,形成脱细胞真皮基质.制备的脱细胞真皮基质,主要由胶原纤维网架构成,其他组作用120 h也无法形成真正的脱细胞真皮基质.结论 十二烷基硫酸钠制备脱细胞真皮基质的最佳浓度为0.25%,最佳时间为40 h.与其他方法比较,具有简便、快捷、有效、价廉、宜推广等特点,可为临床急诊的修复争取宝贵的时间.     

十二烷基硫酸钠制备脱细胞真皮基质的实验研究

目的探讨十二烷基硫酸钠制备脱细胞真皮基质的最佳浓度及作用时间。方法取临床截肢患者废弃的皮肤,分成90块,随机分成6组,每块约1cm×1cm,分别置于0.1%、0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.5%、5.0%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中脱细胞,每隔8h取材一次,分别取材15次。取材标本行大体和组织学观察。结果肉眼观察:十二烷基硫酸钠作用8h后,0.25%组可将表皮与真皮完整分离;光镜检查显示:0.25%十二烷基硫酸钠在作用40h后,能将真皮内的细胞及细胞碎片脱净,形成脱细胞真皮基质。制备的脱细胞真皮基质,主要由胶原纤维网架构成,其他组作用120h也无法形成真正的脱细胞真皮基质。结论十二烷基硫酸钠制备脱细胞真皮基质的最佳浓度为0.25%,最佳时间为40h。与其他方法比较,具有简便、快捷、有效、价廉、宜推广等特点,可为临床急诊的修复争取宝贵的时间。     

脱细胞真皮基质的研究进展

烧伤或皮肤组织缺损的创面修复多采用自体中厚或全厚皮片移植 ,供皮区损伤较重易形成疤痕 ,影响外观及功能。而早期自体薄厚皮片 (autologeus thin split- thickness skin,auto- TTS)或刃厚皮移植 ,则往往由于皮片薄、缺少有效的真皮成分和引导性组织再生的作用 ,皮片成活后常形成不同程度的瘢痕增生和挛缩畸形 ;在关节等功能部位更易造成功能障碍 ,影响患者生活质量。近年来脱细胞真皮基质(acellular dermal matrix,ADM)作为一种新型真皮替代物不但受到烧伤与整形外科界的重视 ,也引起了整个美容医学的兴趣。本文对其综述如下 :1　 ADM…     

自体口腔黏膜微粒联合脱细胞异体真皮基质再造阴道

目的 介绍自体口腔黏膜微粒联合脱细胞异体真皮基质游离移植再造阴道的方法,并对手术效果进行评价.方法 2010年9月至2013年4月,对17例先天性无阴道患者,行自体口腔黏膜微粒及脱细胞异体真皮基质复合游离移植再造阴道,术后观察再造阴道上皮化的时间、脱离模具的时间,术后12个月时测量再造阴道深度、周径、容积,并进行记录分析.对有性生活者应用FSFI调查表进行性生活质量评估.结果 17例患者手术均成功,术后均获得随访,时间为12 ～ 24个月,平均15个月,再造阴道外形良好,外阴形态正常,体表无明显瘢痕.口腔供区恢复良好,无继发畸形.再造阴道上皮化时间为12～15 d,平均13d.完全脱离模具时间为9～ 15个月,平均(11.7±1.64)个月.再造阴道深7～11 cm,平均(9±0.94) cm,周径10.0～14.5 cm,平均(12.3±1.36) cm,容积85～120 ml,平均(105±10) ml.再造阴道红润、光滑、弹性好,有淡黄色分泌物.其中有12例已有性生活,平均FSFI得分为(29.5±2.6)分,性生活时均未出现疼痛、出血,无需应用外源性润滑剂,配偶未述不适.结论 应用自体口腔黏膜微粒及脱细胞异体真皮基质复合游离移植再造阴道,结合了2种材料的优势,操作简单、创伤小、阴道上皮化时间短,体表无瘢痕,再造阴道有分泌功能,但脱细胞异体真皮基质的价格昂贵,且有潜在的传染性疾病的风险.     

一种新型无细胞真皮基质生物相容性的实验研究

检测一种新型的无细胞真皮基质(acellular dermal matrix ADM)的生物相容性。方法：用高渗盐-NaOH消蚀法除去皮肤中的所有细胞，利用体外细胞培养法和皮下植入试验检测其生物相容性。结果：表皮全层和真皮中所有细胞成分都被消除，胶原纤维稍松散，结构正常；ADM无细胞毒性，培养的NIH3T3细胞能在其上贴附、增殖；且ADM能诱导宿主的细胞浸入生长，并可以血管化。结论：经高渗盐-NaOH消蚀法制备的ADM有良好的生物相容性。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质微粒注射填充研究

目的：探讨一种新型的注射填充材料，方法：将异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质微粒（简称ADM微粒）注入兔耳背皮下并形成皮丘，定时对植入物进行测量，光镜及电镜观察，临床应用于4例面部凹陷畸形整复。结果：ADM微粒注射后从外围向中央细胞化及血管化，12周左右体积基本稳定，48周时吸收率为26．93％左右，临床应用结果满意。结论：ADM微粒安全性好，吸收率低、使用方便，微创。     

一种脱细胞真皮基质制备方法的研究

目的:研究脱细胞真皮基质(acel lular dermal matrix,ADM)的一种新的制备方法.方法:取大鼠背部皮肤制成厚度0.8m的脱毛皮片,置入1mol/L NaCl溶液中24h,揭去表皮层,再浸入0.5%Triton X-100溶液中室温震荡48h,得到ADM.取标本行组织学观察,并行异体移植实验.结果:NaCl-Triton法制作的ADM,细胞成分脱除彻底,胶原纤维排列规则,没有明显的免疫原性,生物相容性好.结论:采用NaCl-Triton法制备ADM,价廉而有效,利于推广应用.     

异体脱细胞真皮基质的研究与应用

脱细胞真皮基质 (ａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｄｅｒｍａｌｍａｔｒｉｘ ,ＡＤＭ)是异体皮经特殊处理 ,去除其细胞成分后得到的一种真皮替代品。由Ｌｉｖｅｓｅｙ[1] 开发研制 ,Ｌｉｆｅｃｅｌｌ公司生产 ,商品名为ＡｌｌｏＤｅｒｍ ,已获美国ＦＤＡ批准应用于临床 ,近几年在烧伤和整形外科领域中得到了广泛的应用和发展。1　脱细胞真皮基质的制备方法ＡＤＭ的制备包含去表皮、脱真皮细胞及冷冻干燥处理 3个基本步骤 ,有两种方法。一是尸体皮经高渗盐水和 12烷基硫酸钠 (ＳＤＳ)处理 ,形成ＮａＣｌ ＳＤＳＡＤＭ[1,2 ] ;二是经ＤｉｓｐａｓｅⅡ处理…     

Comparison of histological structure and biocompatibility between human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and porcine ADM

The present study was to compare the difference of histological structure and biocompatibility between human ADM and porcine ADM. The scaffold structure, collagen arrangement and collagen structure of human ADM and those of porcine ADM were very similar except for a slight difference in their black and white bands assessed by both light microscopy and electron microscopy. The positive immunohistochemical staining results of porcine ADM using human antibodies of collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin and vimentin and the result of SDS-PAGE implied a strong homology between the main proteins of human ADM and porcine ADM. In addition, statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between the biocompatibility of the two ADMs. Based on these results, we conclude that porcine ADM bears a strong similarity to human ADM, and might be a substitute for human ADM in the future.     

混合接种法构建组织工程皮肤

目的 探讨混合接种法体外构建复合皮的可行性.方法 在异种猪脱细胞真皮的真皮面接种人成纤维细胞7 d后,将其分两组进行实验.实验组:将表皮细胞按5×105/cm2与成纤维细胞0.2 ×105/cm2混合后接种于表皮面,培养液用K-SFM与成纤维细胞上清的1:1混合液.对照组:仅接种表皮细胞5×105/cm2,培养液用K-SFM.培养1、3周后取材观察其形态变化,并行免疫组化鉴定.结果 培养3周后,实验组可见表皮层连续,细胞层数3～4层,与真皮连接紧密,有表皮突形成;对照组表皮细胞层仅1～2层,且与真皮分离.实验组Laminin强阳性提示基底膜形成充分,并经透射电镜也可观察到完整的基底膜.结论 将表皮细胞与少量成纤维细胞混合接种,可促进表皮细胞在脱细胞真皮上黏附增殖,并有助于基底膜充分形成.     

牛去细胞骨基质的生物相容性研究

目的 研究新型骨修复材料牛去细胞基质骨的生物相容性,为其在骨缺损修复领域中的临床应用提供实验依据.方法 对牛去细胞骨基质进行急性毒性实验、热源实验、溶血实验、兔肌肉内种植实验和兔桡骨骨缺损修复实验研究.结果 牛去细胞骨基质无毒性、无热源性、不引起溶血反应,植入兔肌肉后逐渐发生生物降解并被纤维组织取代,兔骨缺损区植入后可被骨组织取代.结论 牛去细胞骨基质具有良好的生物相容性,是理想的骨支架材料.     

Preparation of laser micropore porcine acellular dermal matrix for skin graft: an experimental study

In our previous study, we used composite grafts consisting of meshed porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) and thin split-thickness autologous epidermis to cover full thickness burn wounds in clinical practice. However, a certain degree of contraction might occur because the distribution of dermal matrix was not uniform in burn wound. In this study, we prepare a composite skin graft consisting of PADM with the aid of laser to improve the quality of healing of burn wound. METHODS: PADM was prepared by the trypsin/Triton X-100 method. Micropores were produced on the PADM with a laser punch. The distance between micropores varied from 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 to 1.5mm. Full thickness defect wounds were created on the back of 144 SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: micropore groups I-IV in which the wound were grafted with PADM with micropores, in four different distances, respectively and split-thickness autograft; mesh group rats received meshed PADM graft and split-thickness autograft; control group received simple split-thickness autografting. The status of wound healing was histologically observed at regular time points after surgery. The wound healing rate and contraction rate were calculated. RESULTS: The wound healing rate in micropore groups I and II was not statistically different from that in control group, but was significantly higher than that in mesh group 6 weeks after grafting. The wound healing rate in micropore groups III and IV was lower than that in mesh and control groups 4 and 6 weeks after grafting. The wound contraction rate in micropore groups I and II was remarkably lower than that in control group 4 and 6 weeks after surgery and it was significantly much lower than that in mesh group 6 weeks after surgery. Histological examination revealed good epithelization, regularly arranged collagenous fibers and integral structure of basement membrane. CONCLUSION: Laser micropore PADM (0.8 or 1.0mm in distance) grafting in combination with split-thickness autografting can improve wound healing. The PADM with laser micropores in 1.0mm distance is the better choice.     

Control of hypertrophic scar from inception by using xenogenic (porcine) acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to cover deep second degree burn

OBJECTIVE: We have spent 7 years to investigate the method of applying porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on deep partial thickness burn wound until the wound heals without dressing change. Known as "Feng's pig skin method" by our hospital, the method appears to encourage rapid re-epithilization with minimum scarring. METHOD: The deep partial thickness burn wound was rinsed cleanly under anesthesia when the patient admitted. ADM was applied on the wound after the detached epidermis was thoroughly removed, wrapped and fixed by sterile gauze and bandages. The dressing was removed within two weeks and the wound completely healed. The outcome of the treatment was analyzed by using the modified Vancouver Burn Scar Assessment Scale. RESULT: All the wounds healed with one dressing within 2 weeks, and the time of wound re-epithelialization shortened to 7-12 days. Scar hyperplasia did not occur, or it was greatly ameliorated compared with traditional treatment after a followed-up period of 3 months to 2 years. The Scar Index was significant lower than that of the traditional exposure method. CONCLUSION: Using ADM to cover deep second degree burn can preserve maximally residual dermal tissue and epithelium, help accelerate the regeneration of epithelial and stem cells, thus shorten the healing time, remodel the skin structure, and consequently has the effect of controlling hypertrophic scar at inception.     

猪骨膜去细胞支架的制备及其生物相容性

目的探索猪骨膜去细胞支架的制备及检测,并观察其生物相容性。方法从猪扇骨上获得骨膜去细胞支架。通过扫描电镜观察、HE染色、DNA提取测定、Masson染色和羟脯氨酸测定法进行定性定量检测,并与培养至第3代HFLS滑膜成纤维细胞共培养48 h。结果骨膜组织经去细胞处理后,组织表面的连续性并未中断、无残留细胞、胶原成分被保留,具有良好的生物相容性。结论所获取的猪骨膜去细胞支架细胞去除彻底,细胞外基质的结构及主要成分保留完好,生物相容性良好。     

聚己内酯／丝素蛋白／胶原电纺纤维的制备及其细胞相容性研究

目的：制备聚己内酯j丝素蛋白／胶原电纺纳米纤维支架,检测其对口腔黏膜j：皮细胞生长和增殖的影响。方法：将冉生丝素膜、水溶性胶原蛋白粉末及聚已内酯按质量比1：1：4;1：l：8;1：1：10共同溶于六氟异丙醇中。采用静电纺丝法制备制备聚己内酯/胶原／丝素蛋白电纺纳米纤维支架。将体外培养的口腔黏膜上皮细胞接种至材料表面,采用MTT法和扫描电镜研究口腔黏膜上皮细胞在材料表面的生长和增殖情况,评价聚己内酯／丝素蛋白/胶原电纺纳米纤维的细胞相容性。结果：MTT结果表明,口腔黏膜上皮细胞在聚己内酯/丝素蛋门／胶原电纺纳米纤维支架生长良好。电镜观察显示所制备的电纺纤维直径均一,呈相互连通的多孔网状结构。口腔黏膜上皮细胞在改性后的材料表面具有良好的生长形态。结论：聚己内酯/丝素蛋白/胶原电纺纳米纤维支架,具备合适的孔径和孔隙率,适合口腔黏膜。上皮细胞生长,细胞相容性良好,是一种组织工程尿道重建良好的支架载体。     

The effect of acellular dermal matrix on drain secretions after immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction

Abstract

In recent years the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has gained popularity in prosthetic breast reconstruction. These procedures involve placement of a closed suction drain in the reconstructed breast. Although it is now widely accepted that ADM has an overall positive effect on the outcome of breast reconstruction, data regarding its effect on postoperative drain secretions is lacking. This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of ADM on postoperative drain secretions in the setting of immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction (IPBR). This is a prospective, comparative controlled study. Two groups of 16 patients each underwent skin sparing mastectomies (SSM) and IPBR with or without ADM. Closed suction drains were left in all the reconstructed breasts and daily secretion volumes were recorded and compared. Postoperative complications were also noted. Patients in the ADM group showed higher daily and overall secretion volumes compared with patients in the control group (p = 0.014) and the time for removal of the drains was higher by an average of 5 days (13 compared with 8 days, respectively; p = 0.004). There was no correlation between ADM and infection. This study provides the first objective evidence that ADM contributes to elevated and prolonged drain secretions when used for IPBR. This might affect possible prosthesis-related complications (e.g., rotation and malposition, capsular contraction, seroma formation, and infection). This study also noted erythema of the post-mastectomy skin flaps in selected patients, which may be attributable to a local inflammatory reaction to the ADM rather than infection.     

Benefits and risks with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and mesh support in immediate breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In modern implant-based immediate breast reconstruction, it has become common to use biological acellular dermal and synthetic matrices in combination with a tissue expander or an implant. The aim of this systematic review was to examine differences in recurrence of cancer, impact on oncological treatment, health related quality of life, complications and aesthetic outcome between matrix and no matrix in immediate breast reconstruction. Systematic searches, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed according to predetermined criteria. Fifty-one studies were eligible and included in the review. The certainty of evidence for overall complication rate and implant loss is low (GRADE ⊕⊕□?□). The certainty of evidence for delay of adjuvant treatment, implant loss, infection, capsular contraction and aesthetic outcome is very low (GRADE ⊕□?□?□). No study reported data on recurrence of cancer or health related quality of life. In conclusion, there is a lack of high quality studies that compare the use of matrix with no matrix in immediate breast reconstruction. Specifically, there are no data on risk of recurrence of cancer, delay of adjuvant treatment and Health related quality of life (HRQoL). In addition, there is a risk of bias in many studies. It is often unclear what complications have been included and how they have been diagnosed, and how and when capsular contracture and aesthetic outcome have been evaluated. Controlled trials that further analyse the impact of radiotherapy, type of matrix and type of procedure (one or two stages) are necessary.     

骨髓间充质干细胞复合组织工程化脱细胞真皮基质构建组织工程皮肤

目的：体外培养扩增SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs），复合组织工程化脱细胞真皮基质构建组织工程皮肤，为进一步临床应用奠定基础。方法：将SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞进行体外培养扩增后，以生长状态良好的骨髓间充质干细胞接种于制备好的组织工程化脱细胞真皮支架上，进行体外联合培养，构建组织工程皮肤。观察细胞生长情况及组织工程皮肤结构。结果：体外培养的SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生长良好，传代扩增容易，组织工程化脱细胞真皮基质去细胞完全，骨髓间充质干细胞在脱细胞真皮基质中生长良好，可体外构建组织工程皮肤。结论：利用体外扩增培养的骨髓间充质干细胞及制备的组织工程化脱细胞真皮基质可以体外联合构建组织工程皮肤。