Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) attachment 6. Preclinical and human pharmacokinetic profiling of BMS-663749, a phosphonooxymethyl prodrug of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor 2-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-(4,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoethanone (BMS-488043)

BMS-663749, a phosphonooxymethyl prodrug 4 of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor 2-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-(4,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoethanone (BMS-488043) (2) was prepared and profiled in a variety of preclinical in vitro and in vivo models designed to assess its ability to deliver parent drug following oral administration. The data showed that prodrug 4 had excellent potential to significantly reduce dissolution rate-limited absorption following oral dosing in humans. Clinical studies in normal healthy subjects confirmed the potential of 4, revealing that the prodrug significantly increased both the AUC and C(max) of 2 compared to a solid capsule formulation containing the parent drug upon dose escalation. These data provided guidance for further efforts to obtain an effective HIV-1 attachment inhibitor.     

Discovery of 4-{4-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)benzamide (GW788388): a potent, selective, and orally active transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor inhibitor

Inhibitors of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor (ALK5) offer a novel approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases such as renal, hepatic, and pulmonary fibrosis. The optimization of a novel phenylpyridine pyrazole series (1a) led to the identification of potent, selective, and orally active ALK5 inhibitors. The cellular potency and pharmacokinetics profiles of these derivatives were improved and several compounds presented antifibrotic activity when orally administered to rats in an acute liver model of dimethylnitrosamine- (DMN-) induced expression of collagen IA1 mRNA, a major gene contributing to excessive extra cellular matrix deposit. One of the most potent ALK5 inhibitors identified in this chemical series, compound 13d (GW788388), reduced the expression of collagen IA1 by 80% at a dose of 1 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.). This compound significantly reduced the expression of collagen IA1 mRNA when administered orally at 10 mg/kg once a day (u.i.d.) in a model of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced renal fibrosis.     

4-[4-(吡啶-3-基)咪唑-1-基]丁胺的合成

以3-乙酰基吡啶为起始原料,经肟化、磺酰化、氧化、环合、还原得到3-(咪唑-4-基)吡啶,再经与N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺缩合及肼解等反应制得抗菌剂泰利霉素的特定侧链化合物4-[4-(吡啶-3-基)咪唑-1-基]丁胺,总收率24%.     

Anorectic activity of 2H-4,6-dimethyl-2-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1- yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine

The effect of 2H-4,5-dimethyl-2-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3- oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine on feeding in rats was investigated. The tested compound decreased food intake in food-deprived rats and in rats receiving palatable-diet.     

1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-取代-2-丙醇类化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

目的研究不同取代哌啶和环仲胺侧链的引入对三唑醇类化合物抗真菌活性的影响。方法以氟康唑为先导化合物,设计合成了9个三唑醇类新化合物,化合物的结构均通过核磁、红外光谱确证;选择8种真菌为实验菌株,根据美国国家临床实验室标准委员会(NCCLS)推荐的标准化抗真菌敏感性实验方法,进行体外抑菌活性测试。结果目标化合物对8种真菌特别是深部真菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物4、5对白色念珠菌的MIC80值小于或等于0.125μg.mL-1,是氟康唑活性的4倍以上,与伊曲康唑活性相当。结论立体化学因素的改变对该类化合物体外抑菌活性有较大影响。     

Synthesis of new 1-(amino)-3-[(1,5-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) oxy] propan-2-ol and 1-[(1,5-diphenyl- 1H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) oxy]-3-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl) propan-2-ol derivatives with an expected beta-adrenolytic activity

3-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-l ,5-diphenyl-lH-1,2,4-triazole [I] was obtained in the reaction of 1,5-di-phenyl-IH-1,2,4-triazol-3-ol with 2-(chloromethyl) oxirane. Then I was converted into the corresponding aminoalkanol derivatives of 1,5-diphenyl-IH-1,2,4-triazol-3-ol, IIa,b -VIIa,b. Molecular structure of I was confirmed by an X- ray structure analysis. The receptor affinities for IVa, VIIa were determined.     

叔丁基三唑衍生物的合成及抗真菌活性研究

目的研究具有叔丁基结构的三唑醇类化合物的抗真菌活性以及各种4-(4-烷氧基苯基)哌嗪侧链的引入对抗真菌活性的影响.方法以一氯频那酮、三氮唑为原料,经多步反应合成目标化合物,化合物结构经IR、1H-NMR谱确证;选择8种真菌为实验菌株,按国际标准抗真菌敏感性实验方法测定其体外抗真菌活性.结果设计合成了10个新化合物.10个目标化合物对8种真菌均具有一定的抑制活性,其中,有4个化合物对白色念珠菌的MIC80值小于或等于0.125 mg·L-1,是氟康唑的4倍以上,与伊曲康唑相当.结论可以通过引入更多的疏水基团设计三唑醇类化合物,立体化学因素对该类化合物的体外抑菌活性有较大影响.     

叔丁基三唑醇类衍生物的合成及其抗真菌活性

目的设计合成具有叔丁基结构的三唑醇类化合物并研究其体外抗真菌活性。方法以一氯频那酮、三氮唑为原料,经多步反应合成目标化合物,化合物结构经IR、^1H-NMR谱确证;选择8种真菌为实验菌株,按国际标准抗真菌敏感性实验方法测定其体外抗真菌活性。结果设计合成了10个新化合物,所有化合物对8种真菌均有一定的抑制活性。结论立体化学因素对该类化合物的体外抑菌活性有较大影响。     

1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-[(4-取代)-哌嗪-1-基]-2-丙醇的合成及其抗真菌活性

目的研究不同取代哌嗪侧链的引入对三唑醇类化合物抗真菌活性的影响.方法设计合成了13个三唑醇类新化合物;选择8种真菌为实验菌株,进行体外抑菌活性测试.结果目标化合物对8种真菌特别是深部真菌均有一定的抑制活性,其中有8个化合物对白色念珠菌的MIC80值小于或等于0.125μg/mL,是氟康唑活性的4倍以上,与酮康唑活性相当.结论脂水分配系数和立体化学因素的改变对该类化合物体外抑菌活性有较大影响.     

Potent, orally bioavailable calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists for the treatment of migraine: discovery of N-[(3R,6S)-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azepan-3-yl]-4- (2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin- 1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (MK-0974)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. Herein we describe optimization of CGRP receptor antagonists based on an earlier lead structure containing a (3R)-amino-(6S)-phenylcaprolactam core. Replacement of the phenylimidazolinone with an azabenzimidazolone gave stable derivatives with lowered serum shifts. Extensive SAR studies of the C-6 aryl moiety revealed the potency-enhancing effect of the 2,3-difluorophenyl group, and trifluoroethylation of the N-1 amide position resulted in improved oral bioavailabilities, ultimately leading to clinical candidate 38 (MK-0974).     

1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-叔丁基-3-[(4-取代苄基)-哌嗪-1-基]-2-丙醇的合成及其抗真菌活性的研究

目的研究具有叔丁基结构的三唑醇类化合物的抗真菌活性以及各种4-（取代苄基）哌嗪侧链的引入对该类化合物抗真菌活性的影响。方法设计合成了13个未见文献报道的目标化合物，所有化合物结构均经^1H-NMR谱确证，部分经过IR、MS确证；选择8种真菌为实验菌株，测定其体外抗真菌活性。结果所有化合物对8种真菌均有一定的抑制作用。其中，Ⅲ7的抑菌活性优于氟康唑。结论引入叔丁基和哌嗪侧链设计的目标化合物都具有抗真菌活性，侧链取代基的电性效应和立体化学特征的改变对该类化合物的抑菌活性有一定的影响。     

Discovery and evaluation of 4-(2-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethylamino)-3-(6-(1-(3-fluoropropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (BMS-695735), an orally efficacious inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor kinase with broad spectrum in vivo antitumor activity

We previously reported that 1 (BMS-536924), a benzimidazole inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, had demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity. This lead compound was found to have potent CYP3A4 inhibition, CYP3A4 induction mediated by PXR transactivation, poor aqueous solubility, and high plasma protein binding. Herein we disclose the evolution of this chemotype to address these issues. This effort led to 10 (BMS-695735), which exhibits improved ADME properties, a low risk for drug-drug interactions, and in vivo efficacy in multiple xenograft models.     

3-(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one: a potent and selective serotonin (5-HT1B) agonist and rotationally restricted phenolic analogue of 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)indole

The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo characteristics of 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one (1, CP-93,129) are described. This rotationally restricted phenolic analogue of RU-24,969 is a potent (15 nM) and selective (200x vs the 5-HT1A receptor, 150x vs the 5HT1D receptor) functional agonist for the 5-HT1B receptor. Direct infusion of 1 into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats significantly inhibits food intake, implicating the role of 5-HT1B receptors in regulating feeding behavior in rodents. 3-(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one (1) has also been shown to be biochemically discriminatory in its ability to selectively inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity only at the 5-HT1B receptor. The source of the selectivity of 1 appears to lie in the ability of a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one to act as a rotationally restricted bioisosteric replacement for 5-hydroxyindole.     

Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide formation by 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-4), an inhibitor of protein kinase-C

Superoxide formation of human neutrophils stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, or calcium ionophore A23187 was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), an inhibitor of protein kinase-C, but was not inhibited by N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide which has a less inhibitory effect on the protein kinase-C. H-7 also inhibited superoxide formation of PMA-activated cytoplasts, which lack nuclei and granules. The phosphorylation of proteins induced by PMA in the cytoplasts as well as the intact neutrophils was also inhibited by preincubation with H-7. Among several phosphoproteins affected by H-7, one protein with a molecular weight of 19,000 (pI= 4.9) was inhibited markedly. N-(2-Guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide did not inhibit the phosphorylation of proteins induced by PMA. These findings support the possibility that the protein kinase-C is involved in the activation process of superoxide formation.     

Synthesis and antiviral activity of new 4-(phenylamino)/4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acids derivatives

The synthesis of new 4-(phenylamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3a-l) derivatives and the new 4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5a–c) derivatives was achieved with an efficient synthetic route. Ethyl 4-chloro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1) on fusion with appropriate substituted anilines or aminopicolines gave the required new ethyl 4-(phenylamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates (2a–l) (52–82%) or new ethyl 4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates (4a–c) (50–60%), respectively. Subsequent hydrolysis of the esters afforded the corresponding carboxylic acids (3a–l) (86–93%) and (5a–c) in high yield (80–93%). Inhibitory effects of 4-(phenylamino)/4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acids. Derivatives on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Mayaro virus (MAY) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were investigated. Compounds 2d, 3f, 3a, and 3c exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1, MAY, and VSV virus with EC₅₀ values of 6.8, 2.2, 4.8, 0.52, 2.5, and 1.0. None of these compounds showed toxicity for Vero cells.     

Neuropharmacological profile of a novel potential atypical antipsychotic drug Y-931 (8-fluoro-12-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)- 6H-[1]benzothieno[2,3-b][1,5] benzodiazepine maleate).

The neuropharmacological profile of Y-931, 8-fluoro-12- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)- 6H-[1]benzothieno [2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine maleate, was investigated in comparison with those of typical and claimed atypical antipsychotic drugs. Similar to clozapine and olanzapine, Y-931 interacted with multiple neurotransmitter receptors such as dopaminergic, serotonergic, alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic and histaminergic receptors. Y-931, as well as the other antipsychotics, was active in a dose-dependent manner in established tests which are indicative of potential antipsychotic activity such as inhibition of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity and suppression of conditioned avoidance responses, however, only Y-931 and clozapine were devoid of cataleptogenic potential. In models of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction, Y-931 demonstrated the most potent protective action against the dizocilpine-induced neurotoxicity (neuronal vacuolization) in the rat retrosplenial cortex ([Y-931 (ED(50); 0.20 mg/kg, p.o.), olanzapine (1.1), clozapine (5.7), risperidone (6.9), haloperidol (19)). Furthermore, Y-931 and clozapine, unlike the other antipsychotics used, reversed the dizocilpine-induced social deficits at the same doses at which their neuroprotective action was exhibited. The present results suggest that Y-931 may be a novel potential atypical antipsychotic drug with a low risk of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) and the property to ameliorate NMDA receptor hypofunction.