结核性支气管狭窄的外科治疗

目的报告３２例结核性支气管狭窄的外科治疗经验及体会。方法３２例中袖状肺叶切除１９例，肺叶切除４例，全肺切除７例，左主支气管节段切除２例。结果无手术死亡。术后出现并发症３例，１例为支气管胸膜瘘，经Ⅱ期手术带蒂大网膜覆盖支气管残端治愈，另２例分别于手术后１２个月及１８个月时出现轻度吻合口狭窄。结论对结核性支气管狭窄应及时采用外科治疗的方法。将狭窄阻塞病变的支气管连同受累肺叶一并切除的袖状肺叶切除术是首选的术式。     

胸壁结核性冷脓肿的外科治疗

目的探讨胸壁结核性冷脓肿的外科治疗价值。方法回顾性分析2008.7~2013.7经病理确诊143例结核性冷脓肿患者,分析手术适应症、手术方法、结果、围手术期并发症和术后治疗。结果年龄范围为12岁~79岁(平均年龄30.4岁),男女比例为1.4∶1(男性83例,女性60例)。临床症状包括明显胸壁包块、胸痛、脓液破溃,3例患者有多个病灶。40例(27.9%)患者行胸壁脓肿病灶清除术,103例患者(72.1%)行胸壁和肋骨切除术。63例患者术前平均抗结核时间6.1月,所有患者术后平均抗结核治疗12月。术后并发症包括出血、脓肿破溃、脓胸、胸腔积液、切口裂开、皮下气肿和结核播散。复发7例(4.9%),均进行二次手术治疗。结论胸壁结核性冷脓肿的外科治疗安全、有效、术后复发率低,提倡围手术期规范化抗结核治疗、术中完整切除胸壁脓肿病灶组织,包括可疑被侵犯肋骨。     

特殊类型阑尾炎患者的腹腔镜阑尾切除术

目的　探讨扩大腹腔镜外科手术的适应证范围。方法　患急性阑尾炎的孕妇３ 例（妊娠２．５～６．５ 个月）,老年患者１２例（６０～７０ 岁）,年幼患者５ 例（１１～１５ 岁）,胆囊旁阑尾２ 例,盆腔位阑尾４ 例,蛔虫性阑尾炎１ 例,作了腹腔镜阑尾切除术。结果　２５ 例均成功完成手术,手术时间平均３０．５分钟。１ 例患者术中漏诊直肠上段癌,术后６ 天确诊。并发戳口感染１ 例。结论　腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有创伤小、恢复快及瘢痕小等优点,对孕妇、老年人、小儿、异位阑尾及蛔虫性等特殊类型的阑尾炎,也能体现其优点,值得进一步探索。     

结核性阑尾炎13例临床分析

目的　探讨结核性阑尾炎的临床特征和治疗方法。方法 对13例结核性阑尾炎病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对术后病检证实的患者进行抗结核治疗。结果 全部病例术前均误诊,术后病检证实,抗结核治疗治愈。结论 结核性阑尾炎是一种少见的疾病,常被误诊。早期诊断,及时手术和术后规律的抗结核治疗非常重要。     

结核性阑尾炎13例临床分析

目的 探讨结核性阑尾炎的临床特征和治疗方法。方法 对13例结核性阑尾炎病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对术后病检证实的患者进行抗结核治疗。结果 全部病例术前均误诊,术后病检证实,抗结核治疗治愈。结论 结核性阑性炎是一种少见的疾病,常被误诊。早期诊断,及时手术和术后规律的抗结核治疗非常重要。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗老年人阑尾炎41例

目的：探讨老年人阑尾炎行腹腔镜阑尾切除术（LA）的疗效。方法：对41例老年阑尾炎患者采用LA,并对其手术指征、手术方法、术后恢复情况、并发症、住院时间及费用等进行回顾性分析。结果：41例阑尾炎均经病理证实,6例术前不能确诊,经腹腔镜探查时证实;5例并存其他疾病;中转开腹2例。术后疼痛轻,无切口感染及院内感染,平均住院时间4d;住院费用比同期同类手术高20％－30％。结论：LA对老年阑尾炎患者损伤较小,术后并发症少、恢复快,可避免误、漏诊,是治疗老年人阑尾炎的一种较为理想的术式。     

糖尿病对腹部外科手术的影响

１９９８年～２０００年,我们以５６例接受腹部手术的糖尿病患者为研究对象,并根据外科病种、术前合并症、术式及患者性别、年龄等选择５６例与之匹配的非糖尿病患者为对照,重点探讨糖尿病对腹部外科手术并发症的影响及其围手术期的处理。现报告如下。１资料与方法 糖尿病组５６例中,男３１例,女２５例,平均年龄６０． ２± １． ９岁。其中胰岛素依赖型（１型） １例,非胰岛素依赖型（２型）５５例。术前已确诊糖尿病者４９例,余７例（占１２．５％）均因急症手术而术前未能确诊。术前已确诊糖尿病而择期手术的患者,无论既往采取…     

腺瘤性息肉的癌变及治疗

为探讨已癌变的结肠腺瘤性息肉的最佳治疗选择，回顾性总结了内镜诊断和治疗的３１４例腺瘤性息肉中３７例癌变息肉的结果。３７例中为管状腺瘤癌变者２５例（占８．９％），绒毛状腺瘤癌变者１１例（占３６．３％），混合性腺瘤癌变１例。１８例仅行内镜下电切，电切后又追加手术８例，手术切除１１例。分期为原位癌１２例，早期浸润癌１３例，浸润癌１２例。１９例手术及术后病理证实的淋巴结转移者３例（１５．７％），包括１例绒毛状腺瘤恶变的早期浸润癌和２例浸润癌。认为除原位癌外，对电切后病理证实的早期浸润癌或浸润性癌，只要无手术禁忌，应追加外科手术治疗为妥。     

肠系膜淋巴结结核的诊断和外科治疗

目的评价肠系膜淋巴结结核的诊断，手术治疗指征和效果。方法回顾性分析１９７６年７月～１９９７年７月两个医院手术治疗的肠系膜淋巴结结核５９例。结果术前确诊１４例，手术治疗并发症少，无手术死亡，效果良好。结论因肠系膜淋巴结结核患者临床表现无特异性，应结合实验室（如聚合酶链反应）、腹腔镜、ＣＴ和Ｂ超检查等结果综合分析。因肠系膜淋巴结结核引起急、慢性肠梗阻不能缓解、消化道出血，肠穿孔或肠瘘，腹腔巨大结核性脓肿不能控制或脓肿穿破腹壁形成窦道等需外科治疗。因有腹部包块诊断不明或不能除外肿瘤时亦需行剖腹术。术后应继续抗结核治疗     

耐多药肺结核188例的外科治疗

目的总结耐多药肺结核（MDR—PTB）的外科治疗经验。方法上海市肺科医院胸外科自1990年1月至2005年11月共行肺结核手术906例，其中MDR—PTB188例（20．8％），手术200例次，2次手术12例；肺叶切除85例次，肺叶切除并袖式及气管、支气管成形16例次，全肺切除48例次，余肺切除术3例次，支气管胸膜瘘（BPF）瘘管修补术5例次，胸廓成形并BPF修补22例次，脓胸剥脱并BPF修补6例次，开窗引流9例次，肋床引流5例次，右总支气管节段切除1例次。术前均行有效个体化抗结核治疗2—3个月。结果术中死亡率为0．5％（1／200）。术后1年内死亡率为3．2％（6／187），其中呼吸衰竭和心肌梗死各2例，肾衰竭和大咯血各1例。并发症率为13．9％（26／187），BPF11例，占并发症的42．3％（12／26）。所有患者术前痰菌均为阳性，术后阳性2例。随访时间6．7年（3个月至15年）。术后继续术前的抗结核方案治疗3—18个月。结论对持续痰菌阳性、病灶已局限的耐多药肺结核患者，应在有效抗结核治疗的基础上手术治疗。     

Experience with Laparoscopic Appendectomy —The Technique and Our Views of its Indications—

Abstract: Since June, 1991 a laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) was performed on eleven patients with suspected appendicitis which could not be confirmed by the conventional diagnostic methods. The patients included 7 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 27, 9, ranging from 16 to 46 years. No postoperative complications were encountered. The laparoscopic diagnoses included gangrenous appendicitis in 2, suppurative appendicitis in 2, catarrhal appendicitis in 4, salpingitis in 2 and an appendiceal mass in one patient (Case 7). Histopathological diagnoses were phlegmonous appendicitis in 3, mucinous cystadenoma in one and catarrhal appendicitis in 7 patients. Two cases of salpingitis and a case with ovarian bleeding were treated conservatively after incidental laparoscopic removal of the appendix. Case 7 was histopathologically diagnosed as having mucinous cystadenoma. The patients’postoperative hospital stay was from 5 to 8 days, with an average of 6.9 days. All patients had been given the permission to be discharged by the third POD but they stayed longer because of benefits given by the health insurance system very specific to Japan. LA in our clinic has so far been limited to selected patients in whom the diagnosis of appendicitis could not been confirmed and laparoscopic examination was indicated, mainly due to manpower problems involving surgeons, anesthetists and operating room nurses. However, LA provides not only benefits for patients but also several merits for surgeons including better exposure of the operating field in most cases when compared with an open appendectomy. We feel, therefore, that the indications for LA might be extended more widely, probably to most cases of appendicitis.     

结核性肛周脓肿延误诊断临床分析(附5例报告)

2015年12月至2017年12月,航空总医院普外科收治的320例肛周脓肿患者中5例患者术后30d内切口未愈合,最终诊断为结核性肛周脓肿;其中3例并发肺结核,给予2R-H-E-Z/4R-H-E抗结核药物化疗方案治疗后,切口均愈合,平均愈合时间(25.5±3.6)d,无复发。分析延误诊断原因主要为:结核性肛周脓肿临床较少见,临床表现缺乏特异性,医务人员对此病的认识不足,未对患者病史进行详细分析,未进行脓液抗酸杆菌检查及肛周病变组织病理学检查。对于肛周脓肿的患者,应仔细询问患者病史,常规进行脓液分泌物抗酸杆菌检查、组织病理学检查。确诊为结核性肛周脓肿后应给予规范抗结核药物化疗方案治疗6个月至1年。     

Neurogenic appendicopathy: a clinical disease entity?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study compared two histopathological examinations for the diagnosis of neurogenic appendicopathy (NA), assessed the frequency of NA, and evaluated whether it is a clinical disease entity distinct from acute appendicitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective observational multicenter study (surgical departments of five hospitals with one reference pathology) we evaluated 282 patients who underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis; we examined the frequency of NA in acute appendicitis and in the negative appendectomy group. For the diagnosis two staining methods were compared. We also attempted to determine clinical features of NA. RESULTS: We observed 93% accuracy for hematoxylin-eosin staining compared with S-100 staining (reference standard) in the diagnosis of NA. There was NA in 3.8% of patients with acute appendicitis and in 47% of those with negative appendectomy. We observed significant differences between the three groups (NA without appendicitis, acute appendicitis, and negative appendectomy without neurogenic appendicopathy) only for sex, age, vomiting, similar previous complaints, rebound tenderness, guarding, rigidity, leukocytes (univariate analysis) and sex (multivariate analysis). CONCLUSION: Neurogenic appendicopathy is a histopathological entity that can be identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining. History and clinical examination do not enable us preoperatively to differentiate between acute appendicitis, NA, and negative appendectomy.     

Unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis

AIM: To investigate the prevalence and implications of unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis. METHODS: The demographic and histopathological data of 1621 patients (≥ 16 years-old) who underwent appendectomy to treat an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 1999 and November 2011 were retrospectively assessed. Microscopic findings were used to classify the patients under six categories: appendix vermiformis, phlegmonous appendicitis, gan- grenous appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, supurative appendicitis, and unusual histopathologic findings. The demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with unusual histopathologic findings were evaluated in detail, and re-analysis of archived resected appendix specimens was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 912 males and 709 females, from16 to 94 years old, were included in the study and comprised 789 cases of suppurative appendicitis, 370 cases of appendix vermiformis, 243 cases of perforated gangrenous appendicitis, 53 cases of flegmaneous appendicitis, 32 cases of gangrenous appendicitis, and 134 (8.3%) cases of unusual histopathological findings. The unusual histopathological findings included fibrous obliteration (n = 62), enterobius vermicularis (n = 31), eosinophilic infiltration (n = 10), mucinous cystadenoma (n = 8), carcinoid tumor (n = 6), granulomatous inflammation (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 4; one of them mucinous), and mucocele (n = 3), adenomatous polyp (n = 1), taenia sup (n = 1), ascaris lumbricoides (n = 1), appendiceal diverticula (n = 1), and B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1). None of the 11 patients with subsequent diagnosis of tumor were suspected of cancer prior to the appendectomy. CONCLUSION: Even when the macroscopic appearance of appendectomy specimens is normal, histopathological assessment will allow early diagnosis of many unusual diseases.     

Stump appendicitis is a rare delayed complication of appendectomy： A case report

INTRODUCTIONStump appendicitis is an acute in? ammation of the residual appendix and a rare complication after appendectomy[1]. Although the signs and symptoms do not differ from those of acute appendicitis, the diagnosis is often not considered because o…     

综合医院以不明原因发热为表现的结核病100例临床分析

目的 探讨以不明原因发热(FUO)为表现的结核病的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析100例北京协和医院确诊的以FUO为表现的结核病患者的临床资料.结果 (1)结核累及部位:单纯肺结核39例,单纯肺外结核28例,肺结核合并肺外结核33例.(2)临床表现:由于累及部位的不同,伴随症状各异.实验室检查多为ESR增快和C反应蛋白升高以及不同程度的消耗表现即贫血和低白蛋白血症.(3)诊断方法:抗酸杆菌阳性的34例,组织病理符合结核病的8例,临床诊断并经抗结核治疗有效的49例,诊断性抗结核治疗有效的9例.从发病至确诊的时间为3～77周,中位确诊时间14周.(4)治疗反应:73例随访的患者中仅有2例(2.7%)死亡,其余均好转或治愈.正规抗结核治疗4周以内显效率为77.5%.37例(52.1%)出现药物不良反应,经调整治疗方案和对症处理后均好转.结论 以FUO为表现的结核病诊断比较困难,应对该病临床表现进行综合分析,认真阅读胸部影像学资料,尽可能寻找病原学和病理学的证据,必要时可给予诊断性抗结核治疗.     

超声支气管镜下穿刺活检对成人纵隔淋巴结结核的早期诊断价值（附87例临床报告）

目的 探讨超声支气管镜下穿刺活检（EBUS-TBNA）对于纵隔淋巴结结核的早期诊断价值。方法 选取上海市肺科医院2010年1月至2012年12月期间,影像学及临床诊断为纵隔淋巴结结核但气管镜检查无异常的患者共87例;其中男51例,女36例,年龄21～70岁,平均（48.5±11.5）岁。所有患者行EBUS-TBNA,标本送检病理、抗酸杆菌涂片、培养和体外聚合酶链反应检测,根据检测结果进行诊断性治疗并随访3个月,治疗无效者进行纵隔镜检查,最终统计EBUS-TBNA在纵隔淋巴结结核诊断中的诊断率。应用统计软件SPSS 13.0进行数据分析和计算。 结果 66例患者通过EBUS-TBNA直接确诊结核病,1例确诊为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）感染（菌型鉴定为鸟-胞内分枝杆菌,MAC）;5例确诊肺癌,2例确诊结节病,13例未得到任何阳性证据;13例中6例通过诊断性抗结核治疗确诊结核病,7例行纵隔镜检查,其中3例确诊淋巴瘤,3例肺癌,1例结核病。因此87例患者中最终确诊结核病73例,其中通过EBUS-TBNA确诊66例（90.41%,66/73）。经过EBUS-TBNA确诊结核病的66例中21例（31.82%,21/66）为结核分枝杆菌涂片和（或）培养阳性（3例结核分枝杆菌药敏试验提示耐药）;40例（60.61%,40/66）结核分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应检测阳性,38例（57.58%,38/66）病理检测结果为干酪样坏死或者结核性肉芽肿。 结论 EBUS-TBNA在纵隔淋巴结结核特别是耐药纵隔淋巴结结核的早期诊断上可能具有一定的价值。     

内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术对不典型急性阑尾炎的诊断与治疗价值

目的 探讨内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术（ERAT）对不典型急性阑尾炎的诊断与治疗价值。方法 2015年1月至2016年12月于江苏省人民医院就诊的所有疑诊为不典型急性阑尾炎的48例患者,按照治疗方法不同分为ERAT组和保守治疗组,比较两组患者最终阑尾切除率。结果 因病情复杂或个人意愿等原因,ERAT组的24例患者中仅17例接受了内镜下治疗,其中16例被诊断为急性阑尾炎,经ERAT治疗后5例因疾病复发行外科阑尾切除,切除率31.3%（5/16）;保守治疗组的24例患者均接受抗生素治疗,20例因再发阑尾炎行外科阑尾切除,其中1例出现阑尾穿孔,切除率83.3%（20/24）。ERAT组的外科切除率较保守治疗组低（?2=11.111,P<0.05）。结论 ERAT对不典型急性阑尾炎具有较高的诊断与治疗价值。     

欠发达地区结核性腹膜炎40例

目的:总结结核性腹膜炎(tuberculous peritonitis,TBP)临床特点,进一步提高临床医生对TBP的认识水平.方法:收集40例TBP患者的病例资料,对其发病情况、临床表现、实验室和辅助检查、诊疗经过等方面进行回顾性分析并复习文献.结果:本组TBP患者年龄以20-40岁为高发(57.5%),仅22.5%的病例既往有结核病史或慢性疾病史.发病以慢性起病多见(85.0%),症状以腹胀(85.0%)、食欲减退(67.5%)、发热(52.5%)、腹痛(47.5%)常见.体征以腹水(67.5%)、腹痛(65.0%)多见,腹壁柔韧感少见(35.0%).血清学检查特异性低,腹水多呈渗出液的特点,但腹水ADA>33U/L,单核细胞占优势等有助于诊断TBP的特点较少见(16.0%-34.0%).腹水抗酸杆菌涂片和结核菌培养阳性率低(4.75%,0%).PPD实验和胸部X线的阳性率均为37.5%.CT和B超检查多数表现为腹水、腹膜增厚、粘连等(78%),女性患者子宫、附件受累常见(72.7%).本组TBP患者误诊5例,误诊率为12.5%,最常见是误诊为妇科肿瘤(n=3).仅4例患者(10%)获病原学或病理确诊,其余90%依靠试验性抗结核治疗获得诊断.结论:在欠发达地区,目前依靠腹腔镜、B超引导下活检等手段获得病理标本,确诊TBP的比例仍很低.绝大部分TBP病例诊断主要依靠试验性抗结核治疗及对疗效的动态观察.临床医生能够怀疑到TBP的可能并积极试验性抗结核治疗是TBP诊断的关键.对2wk试验性抗结核治疗效果不好的病例,要动员患者接受更积极的腹腔镜检查,以免贻误病情.     

Application of videolaparoscopy methods in the diagnostics and treatment of acute appendicitis]

The article describes an experience of the diagnostics and treatment of 550 patients who were hospitalized with acute appendicitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed for 200 patients with acute appendicitis as a presumptive diagnosis. 350 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. It was possible to avoid ineffective laparotomy in the course of diagnostic laparoscopy in 88% of patients with unclear symptoms of acute appendicitis, and to establish other acute diseases of the abdominal cavity in 12% of cases. Laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed practically at any form of appendix inflammation. It is better to carry out laparoscopic appendectomy using the clip method, and to treat the mesoappendix by monocoagulation.