The effect of finasteride on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density: a possible mechanism for decreased prostatic bleeding in treated patients

PURPOSE: Several studies have confirmed the benefit of finasteride in limiting hematuria from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, and microvessel density have been independently evaluated in the mechanism of decreased bleeding observed in patients treated with finasteride. We evaluated the expression of VEGF and suburethral prostatic microvessel density in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with finasteride. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 24 patients undergoing prostatic surgery for benign disease, of whom 12 were given finasteride for a minimum of 6 weeks before surgery and the remaining 12 served as controls. Sections from the prostatic urothelium and hyperplastic prostate were individually stained for CD34 specific for nascent blood vessels and VEGF. Analysis of each specimen was performed in a blinded fashion. Microvessel density was calculated by counting the number of positively stained blood vessels on 10 consecutive, nonoverlapping, high power fields within the suburethral and hyperplastic prostate compartments. VEGF expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Student's t test. RESULTS: Prostatic suburethral VEGF expression and microvessel density were significantly lower in the finasteride group compared to controls (p <0.05). Differences in VEGF expression and microvessel density at the level of the hyperplastic prostate were not found to be significantly different between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of VEGF by finasteride inhibits angiogenesis and significantly decreases microvessel density in prostatic suburethral tissue. This sequential relationship provides histochemical insight into the mechanism by which finasteride reduces prostatic urethral bleeding.     

非那甾胺对良性前列腺增生继发血尿的防治作用

目的：探讨5-α还原酶抑制剂非那甾胺对良性前列腺增生患者继发血尿的防治作用。方法：良性前列腺增生继发间歇性血尿患者61例，平均年龄76岁。随机分为非那甾胺治疗组(28例)和对照组(33例)，每周尿常规检查观察血尿复发情况及程度。结果：经过12个月的分组观察，对照组31例中出现反复间歇性血尿20例(64％)，3例因血块堵塞需入院进一步处理，2例因反复血尿行耻骨上前列腺切除术；非那甾胺组28例中出现中、轻度间歇性血尿7例(25％)，无需外科治疗。结论：非那甾胺对良性前列腺增生继发性出血有预防及治疗作用。     

A prospective study of the natural history of hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and the effect of finasteride

PURPOSE: We prospectively studied the effect of finasteride on chronic hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 57 patients with chronic intermittent hematuria who were randomized to a finasteride treated or a control arm. RESULTS: In the untreated control group hematuria recurred in 17 patients (63%) within a year but in only 4 (14%) in the finasteride group, which was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). Surgery was required for bleeding in 7 controls (26%), while no patient on finasteride required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Hematuria secondary to prostatic bleeding may be significant if not treated. Finasteride appears to be effective for suppressing hematuria caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia and should be considered as treatment.     

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biological marker to noninvasively assess the effect of finasteride on prostatic suburethral microcirculation

PURPOSE: We assessed dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biological marker of in vivo changes in microcirculation in the prostatic suburethral region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 male beagle dogs with spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomly allocated to 1 control group and 1 finasteride (Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) treated group. Two baseline dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging examinations and 3 followups were performed to assess prostate microcirculation. Treatment duration was 3 months. The pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated in prostatic suburethral areas were the maximum enhancement ratio in AU, time to maximum signal enhancement in minutes, amplitude in AU and the exchange rate constant in minutes(-1). RESULTS: After completion of the therapeutic regimen time to maximum signal enhancement was significantly longer in the finasteride group than in controls (p < 0.01). Amplitude and the exchange rate constant decreased 39% and 34%, respectively, in the finasteride group at the end of treatment, which significantly differed from results in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is capable of noninvasively assessing the prostatic microcirculation changes induced by finasteride. Pharmacokinetic parameters show considerable promise to be biomarkers for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs such as 5alpha-reductase inhibitors by the in vivo monitoring of microvascular changes. A relevant clinical application could be the pretreatment assessment of finasteride effectiveness to decrease perioperative bleeding at transurethral prostate resection and in treatment for hematuria.     

Clinical predictors in the use of finasteride for control of gross hematuria due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

PURPOSE: We identify predictors of clinical response as well as response time in patients treated with finasteride for gross hematuria due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was preformed of 53 patients who had been given 5 mg. finasteride daily for the treatment of active bleeding or a recent history of recurrent bleeding. Urological evaluations were negative for tumor in all patients. A history of prostatectomy, anticoagulant status and prostate size was determined. The degree of hematuria was then graded before and after finasteride treatment according to our previously described system. Of the 53 patients who were actively bleeding at initial evaluation 16 were followed to determine time required for complete resolution of hematuria. RESULTS: Hematuria grade improved after finasteride in 50 (94%) patients. Overall 77% of patients (41 of 53) experienced no further bleeding while taking finasteride. Mean followup was 38 months (range 3 to 86). Of the patients 86% (12 of 14) taking coumadin, 77% (10 of 13) taking aspirin and 73% (19 of 26) on no anticoagulants had no further bleeding once on finasteride. Of the patients who had undergone prior transurethral prostatectomy 84% (26 of 31) experienced no further bleeding versus 68% (15 of 22) of those who had not undergone previous surgery. In the 16 patients who began finasteride while actively bleeding the average time to clear urine was 12 days (range 2 to 45). Prostatic volume correlated with the average time needed for resolution of hematuria, which was 2.7 days or longer for small (less than 40 gm.), 10.3 days or longer for large (40 to 100), 19 days or longer for extra large (100 to 150) and 45 days or longer for extra extra large (greater than 150) glands. Hematuria resolved an average of 5.5 days versus 18.6 days in those who had or had not undergone previous prostatectomy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our long-term followup demonstrates finasteride as a useful treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia related gross hematuria, which is effective in patients who are on anticoagulants. In patients with larger prostatic volumes a longer time to response and higher incidence of recurrent but lower grade bleeding should be anticipated compared to those who have undergone prior prostatectomy or have a smaller prostate.     

Comparison of microvessel densities in rat prostate tissues treated with finasteride, bicalutamide and surgical castration: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND: A group of anti-androgens with different mechanisms of action and adverse effects have been investigated in patients with gross hematuria related to benign prostate hyperplasia; however, there is not yet any consensus about the standard management of these patients. The present study aims to identify if any one type of the hormonal intervention is superior in terms of the suppression of microvessel formation in the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 mature, healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 +/- 50 g) were used in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 7 per group). The effects of three different hormonal therapies on angiogenesis and microvascularity in rat ventral prostate were compared. Groups 1 and 2 were treated for 28 days with finasteride and bicalutamide, respectively, and rats from Group 3 underwent surgical castration. Following treatment, all rats included in the study underwent dissection of the ventral prostate and immunohistochemical analysis of microvessel density by factor VIII-related antigen. RESULTS: The mean number of microvessels in the finasteride and bicalutamide groups was 24.5 (+/-8.44 SE) and 27 (+/-9.89 SE) respectively. In contrast, the castration and control groups had microvessel numbers of 12.9 (+/-5.35 SE) and 40.3 (+/-5.03 SE) respectively. Differences were statistically significant between all three treatment groups and the controls (P < 0.005); the number of microvessels in rat prostate tissues of the control group was significantly higher than the treatment groups. Mean microvessel densities in the bicalutamide and finasteride groups were significantly higher than microvessel densities in the castration group (P < 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between mean microvessel number in rat prostate tissue treated with finasteride or bicalutamide (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Even though finasteride was not as effective as castration in reducing microvessel number, its effect was equal to that of bicalutamide in terms of suppressing the angiogenesis in prostatic tissue. Based on the findings of the present study, finasteride might offer a viable option in the management of macroscopic hematuria by inhibition of microvessel formation within the prostatic tissue. Further clinical studies are warranted.     

保列治治疗良性前列腺增生3年疗效观察

目的：临床研究长期服用保列治治疗良性前列腺增生症的有效性和安全性。方法：门诊收集单独服用保列治5mg并超过3年以上前列腺增生症患者152例，回顾性统计分析该组患者前列腺体积、症状评分、剩余尿、尿流率变化，以及尿潴留、血尿的发生率。结果：服用保列治2～3个月见效，3年后观察，与给药1年后的各项指标相仿，前列腺体积缩小12．6％，最大尿流率增加3．5ml／s，国际前列腺症状评分症状评分下降4．5分，剩余尿量下降20ml。本组患者无尿潴留、前列腺源性血尿发生，3年服用保列治安全有效。结论：长期每日服用保列治5mg的前列腺增生症患者，能够稳定前列腺最初的下降体积和改善了的最大尿流率；减少了尿潴留和前列腺源性血尿的发生率。     

非那雄胺治疗良性前列腺增生继发血尿的临床观察

目的:探讨非那雄胺在治疗良性前列腺增生继发血尿的临床应用价值,并评价其疗效。方法:收集良性前列腺增生继发间歇性血尿患者86例,平均年龄73岁。随机分为三组:对照组患者23例,均未使用非那雄胺;常规剂量组患者30例,每日口服非那雄胺5mg(5mg,qd);大剂量组33例,每日口服非那雄胺10mg(5mg,bid)。随访时间12个月,随访期间每个月复查一次尿常规,观察血尿复发情况及程度。结果:经过为期一年的随访观察,对照组出现反复血尿15例(65.2%),其中2例因血块堵塞急诊入院进一步处理,3例因反复血尿行手术治疗;一般剂量组有7例(23.3%)出现间歇性血尿,其中1例因反复血尿行手术治疗;而大剂量组仅5例(15.2%)出现间歇性血尿,无患者需手术干预。结论:非那雄胺对良性前列腺增生继发性出血有显著疗效,大剂量应用非那雄胺可提高其疗效。     

Relationship between prostate specific antigen density, microvessel density and prostatic volume in benign prostatic hyperplasia and advanced prostatic carcinoma

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostate specific antigen density and prostate volume with microvessel density in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and advanced prostatic carcinoma. Sixty-eight patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 11 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma participated in the study. The paraffin blocks of all patients were stained with CD34 by the standard immunohistochemical technique and microvessel density, prostate specific antigen density and prostatic volume were determined. In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia the mean microvessel density, mean prostate specific antigen density and mean prostatic volume were 74±89±22.73, 0.12±0.10 and 59.97±27.0 ml, respectively. There was no correlation between prostate specific antigen density and mean prostatic volume or microvessel density (r=0.079 and −0.095, respectively). In patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma the mean microvessel density, mean prostate specific antigen density and mean prostatic volume were 147.90±47.55, 0.63±0.41 and 54.00±22.42 ml, respectively. In this group, while there was a good correlation between prostate specific antigen density and microvessel density (r=0.785), no significant correlation was found between prostatic volume and microvessel density (r=−0.07). There was significant statistical difference in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma compared to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in terms of mean microvessel density (p<0.0001). The findings that there was no correlation between prostatic volume and MVD either in benign prostatic hyperplasia or in prostatic carcinoma suggest that microvessel development is not correlated with prostatic volume but may be correlated with morphology.     

Finasteride targets prostate vascularity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell adhesion of benign and malignant prostate cells

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of finasteride, a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, clinically used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on prostate tumor vascularity, apoptosis, and cell adhesion in situ and in vitro. METHODS: Prostate specimens from BPH patients treated with finasteride for 1-12 months (n = 13), or without finasteride treatment (n = 14), were evaluated for apoptosis (TUNEL assay), microvessel density (Factor VIII), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) immunoreactivity. In vitro, the effect of finasteride was investigated in benign prostate cells, BPH-1, and its tumorigenic derivatives, CAFTD-01 and CAFTD-03, using Hoechst staining and cell adhesion assays. RESULTS: A significant increase in the apoptotic index, and reduced microvessel density and PSA expression were detected in prostates from finasteride-treated patients, compared to controls (P < 0.01). In vitro finasteride led to a significant decrease in prostate epithelial cell adhesion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Finasteride can induce prostate apoptosis and reduce tissue vascularity by inhibiting epithelial cell adhesion. This evidence supports that finasteride has apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects against benign and malignant prostate.     

非那雄胺对抗栓治疗的良性前列腺增生患者继发肉眼血尿治疗的研究

目的:探讨非那雄胺对抗栓治疗的BPH患者继发肉眼血尿的治疗。方法:2006年9月～2007年2月明确诊断为BPH继发肉眼血尿的患者105例,分为抗栓组(81例)和对照组(24例)。抗栓组采用抗栓治疗联合非那雄胺,对照组仅采用非那雄胺治疗,随访6个月比较血尿的治疗结果。结果:抗栓组肉眼血尿完全消失52例(64.2%),血尿消失平均时间3.9周(1～6周);血尿较治疗前减轻者12例(14.8%)。对照组肉眼血尿完全消失16例(66.7%),平均时间3.2周(1～5周);血尿较治疗前减轻者4例(16.7%)。抗栓组肉眼血尿消失的平均时间长于对照组(P<0.05),两组之间在血尿治愈率(血尿消失)和有效率(血尿消失+血尿减轻)方面无显著差异,服用不同种类抗栓药物的患者间血尿治愈率无显著差异。结论:对于使用抗栓药物治疗的BPH患者继发肉眼血尿,口服非那雄胺是一种有效的治疗方法,治愈率和有效率与未抗栓治疗组接近,但治愈血尿所用的时间略长。     

Effects of finasteride on vascular endothelial growth factor

OBJECTIVE: Finasteride has been shown to reduce prostate bleeding in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The mechanisms behind this are not known, but it has been suggested that finasteride reduces bleeding by inhibiting angiogenesis in the prostate. Studies in animals have shown that castration rapidly induces involution of the prostate vasculature, and androgen-stimulated prostate growth may be angiogenesis dependent. The objective of this study was to explore the response to finasteride on the vasculature and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent regulatory factor of angiogenesis in human prostate tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with BPH were randomly assigned to 3 months of treatment either with finasteride (5 mg/day) or placebo before undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Prostate tissue VEGF expression was quantified by Western blot and the vascular density determined in Factor VIII immunostained tissue sections. Serum concentrations of VEGF were measured with ELISA technique. RESULTS: Patients treated with finasteride (n = 15) showed a decrease in prostate tissue VEGF(165) expression compared with placebo (n = 13) treated patients (p < 0.05), but the vascular density and the serum VEGF levels were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that finasteride treatment decreases VEGF expression in the human prostate.     

A systematic review of the effects and mechanisms of preoperative 5α-reductase inhibitors on intraoperative haemorrhage during surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia

5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs), including finasteride and dutasteride, are commonly used medical therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Many studies reported that preoperative 5α-RI had impact on intraoperative haemorrhage during surgery for BPH, but it was still in controversial. So, we conducted a systematic review of the effects and mechanisms of 5α-RIs on intraoperative bleeding for BPH. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trail Register of Controlled Trials and the reference lists of retrieved studies were searched in the analysis. Sixteen publications involving 15 different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a total of 1156 patients were used in the analysis, including 10 RCTs for finasteride and five RCTs for dutasteride. We found that preoperative finasteride treatment decreases microvessel density (MVD) in resected prostate specimens. Total blood loss, blood loss per gram of resected prostate tissue and decreases in haemoglobin were all greatly reduced in the finasteride group as compared to controls. Dutasteride appeared to have no effect on bleeding. This meta-analysis shows that preoperative finasteride treatment could decrease intraoperative haemorrhage during surgery for BPH. Preoperative dutasteride had no effect on intraoperative haemorrhage, but further high-quality prospective studies are still needed to confirm this observation.     

Post-coital gross hematuria： an unusual presentation of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Aim： To describe an unusual symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A patient presented to our urology clinic having experienced post-coital gross hematuria for 2 years. He had not experienced lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS）. A series of examinations were performed to determine the source of bleeding. Results： The prostate was defined as the active bleeding source responsible for the patient＇s post-coital hematuria. Endoscopic fulguration did not alleviate the symptom. The use of dutasteride, a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase, solved the problem. Conclusion： This study reports for the first time that post-coital gross hematuria is one of the clinical presentations of BPH, which can be successfully treated with 5α-reductase inhibitor.     

Photoselective vaporization of the prostate: a volume reduction analysis in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate

PURPOSE: In this study preoperative and postoperative transrectal ultrasound prostate volume was evaluated in patients undergoing photoselective vaporization of prostate using an 80 W potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser (Greenlight PV Laser System, Laserscope, San Jose, California) for obstructive uropathy secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia or carcinoma of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (8) and carcinoma of the prostate (10) were treated with an 80 W quasicontinuous KTP laser. Preoperative and immediate postoperative treatment prostate volume measurements were recorded by transrectal ultrasound. The end point of treatment was complete vaporization of the obstructive adenoma to the level of the capsular fibers and the creation of an adequate transurethral resection-like prostatic cavity. KTP/532 laser energy was delivered by a side firing glass fiber through a 27Fr continuous flow resectoscope. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate using sterile water irrigation was performed with all patients under spinal anesthesia. Mean lasting time +/- SEM was 33.5 +/- 12 minutes (range 11 to 53). RESULTS: Mean preoperative prostate volume +/- SEM was 53.2 +/- 24.7 ml (range 23.6 to 110), while mean postoperative prostate volume was decreased to 26.2 +/- 14.8 ml (range 8 to 58) during a mean followup of 2.8 +/- 2.3 months (range 1 to 10), resulting in a 51% mean decrease in prostate volume, as measured by transrectal ultrasound. There was no significant intraoperative bleeding and no change in serum sodium postoperatively. One patient sustained a small capsular perforation with persistent venous bleeding, which could not be controlled with KTP laser. Because of poor vision, the procedure was completed with electroresection. Complications included mild dysuria in 2 patients (11%) and mild hematuria longer than 2 weeks in duration in 4 (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Photoselective prostate vaporization can effectively vaporize obstructive benign and malignant prostatic tissue, leading to a significant decrease in the total volume of the treated prostate (p = 0.000).     

Pre-surgical finasteride therapy in patients treated endoscopically for benign prostatic hyperplasia

INTRODUCTION: Transurethral resection of the prostate is considered the standard technique for patients with moderate or severe lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Pathologically BPH is characterized by an increased proliferation of stromal and acinar cells, sustained by increased vascularization (neoangiogenesis). Recent studies have also shown that finasteride reduces angiogenesis and prostatic bleeding associated with BPH. Reducing the volume as a final step in reducing neoangiogenesis could thus represent a fundamental advance in limiting intra- and postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 60 patients undergoing TURP between January 2001 and January 2002. Of the patients, 30 received pretreatment with finasteride while 30 did not undergo any pretreatment (control group). In all the patients we evaluated the degree of peri-surgical bleeding, intended as a reduction in hemoglobin values in the 24 h following surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In the group of patients pretreated with finasteride, blood loss, evaluated as a reduction in hemoglobin values, was minimal, and none of the patients required blood transfusion. The average hemoglobin loss in the 24 h following surgery was 0.9%. In the control group (average age 67 years), 4 patients (12%) required blood transfusion. The loss of hemoglobin was 2.36%. Finasteride, therefore, seems to play a fundamental role in the pretreatment of TURP patients, since by reducing dihydrotestosterone synthesis, it interacts with endothelial growth factors, thus reducing angiogenesis and preventing bleeding.     

Hematuria Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Retrospective Analysis of 166 Men Identified in a Single One Stop Hematuria Clinic

Introduction

Hematuria secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can occur due to a vascular primary gland itself or due to the vascular re-growth of the prostate following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). We aim to evaluate the clinical presentation and management in patients within both these groups.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively archived the data of 166 men diagnosed with hematuria secondary to BPH from our hematuria clinic database from March 2003 and March 2006. The 166 patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (n = 94) hematuria with no previous TURP; Group II (n = 72) hematuria with previous TURP. The clinical management in both groups included reassurance, commencement of a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (finasteride) or a primary TURP in Group I or re-do TURP in Group II.

Results

The median age was 73 years (range 45–94 years) for both groups. Outcomes combined for both groups included: reassurance alone in 26% (n = 43), finasteride in 51% (n = 84) and TURP in 12% (n = 19). Patients managed with reassurance alone or TURP had no further episodes of hematuria. At a mean follow-up was 18 months (range 7–22 months), 2 patients treated with finasteride re-bled but did require further intervention. A further 2 men elected to stop finasteride due to erectile dysfunction and gynecomastia respectively.

Conclusion

BPH can present with hematuria. Following re-evaluation in a hematuria clinic, the lack of any subsequent cancer diagnosis in these patients suggests that repeat hematuria investigations should be carefully re-considered.Key Words: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Hematuria     

Finasteride: a long-term follow-up in the treatment of recurrent hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and long-term results after finasteride treatment of recurrent hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 patients, aged 62-86 (mean 74) years, of whom 50 received finasteride 5 mg once daily for 4 years and 30 were used as controls. Patients with malignancy, severe hepatic or renal failure and hematologic disorders were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of hematuria (minor, moderate, severe). All patients were followed up at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months. RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 (mean 22) months in the finasteride group and 3-42 (mean 23) months in the control group. Hematuria recurrence rates were 6/50 (12%) and 23/30 (77%) in the finasteride and control groups, respectively. Surgical treatment was needed in 6 patients of the finasteride group and 19 of the control group. Patients with minor hematuria experienced no recurrence of symptoms in the finasteride group in contrast to 13 of 17 patients in the control group. For the patients with moderate hematuria, recurrence of symptoms was observed in 3 of 13 in the finasteride group and 3 of 5 in the control group. Three of six patients with severe hematuria had a recurrence of symptoms after finasteride treatment in contrast to 7 of 8 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Finasteride has proved to be a safe, well tolerable and effective medication in reducing or preventing recurrent hematuria related to BPH.     

良性前列腺增生患者经尿道电切术后再次手术的病理组织学特征分析

目的分析再次TURP患者前列腺组织VEGF、AR的表达,探讨其在再次TURP发生中的作用及意义。方珐选取有再次TURP手术史（再次TURP组）和仅有一次手术史（对照组）的BPH患者各50例。采用免疫组织化学sP法检测前列腺组织中CD34、VEGF、AR的表达,计算MVD值及VEGF、AR指数,并对再次TURP组首次标本和对照组标本、再次TURP组两次手术标本分别进行比较及统计学分析。结果再次TURP组首次标本、再次标本及对照组中MVD值分别为：35．83±20．92、32．16±16．65、20．56±6．99;VEGF指数分别为：7．55±2．72、7．06±2．36、4．28±2．62;AR指数分别为：6．17±1．86、6．99±2．44、4．16±1．34。再次TURP组首次标本MVD值、AR、VEGF指数均高于对照组,两组差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而再次TURP组前后两次手术标本间各指标差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。相关分析发现,AR指数和VEGF指数、VEGF指数和MVD值、AR指数和MVD值之间均存在正相关。结论BPH患者前列腺组织中高MVD值及AR、VEGF的高表达是导致其TURP术后复发及再次手术的重要原因之一,可作为判断术后复发的危险因素及采取针对性预防措施的指标。