未发现淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫的临床病理分析

目的探讨颈部中央区淋巴结清扫在临床上未发现淋巴结转移（cN0）甲状腺乳头状癌患者中应用的意义。方法收集1998年1月至2006年4月收治的641例cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床病理资料,统计分析中央区淋巴结的转移情况,并分析其与患者的性别、年龄、原发灶大小及数目的关系。同时对治疗5年以上的114例患者进行随访,分析颈侧区淋巴结转移和对侧甲状腺腺叶复发与初治时中央区淋巴结病理隋况的关系。结果cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部中央区淋巴结转移的阳性率为53．0％。中央区淋巴结转移与原发灶的T分期和数目有关,与患者的性别和年龄无关。随访的114例患者中12例发生同侧颈侧区淋巴结转移,其中11例患者第一次手术时中央区淋巴结的转移阳性率较高。5例对侧甲状腺腺叶再发乳头状癌,其初治时中央区淋巴结病理情况差异较大。结论cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者应常规行中央区淋巴结清扫;中央区淋巴结病理情况与肿瘤原发灶的数目有关;中央区淋巴结转移阳性率高者易出现同侧颈侧区淋巴结转移。     

甲状腺转移癌35例的临床特点及诊治分析

目的 探讨甲状腺转移癌的临床特点、诊断、治疗方式及预后.方法 回顾性分析1958至2010年收治的35例甲状腺转移癌患者的临床资料,均经细胞学或组织学病理确诊.结果 35例患者中,除了3例原发肿瘤不明外,其余原发肿瘤依次为肺癌16例、食管癌9例、乳腺癌2例、肾癌2例、下咽癌1例、鼻咽癌1例、软腭腺样囊性癌1例.其中12例以甲状腺转移癌为首发症状,其余23例从诊断原发肿瘤到发现甲状腺转移癌,时间间隔为0～168个月,中位时间为24个月,其中有6例时间间隔＞3年.所有患者均经病理学证实,其中细针吸取细胞学诊断7例,手术标本组织病理学诊断24例,两种手段结合使用诊断4例.发现甲状腺转移癌后,全部患者的中位生存期为11.5个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为43.8%、27.8%和11.9%.有28例患者接受手术治疗,7例接受非手术治疗,手术组整体生存率明显高于非手术组(P＜0.01).在合并颈淋巴结转移患者中,接受甲状腺切除合并颈清扫组的中位生存期与接受单纯甲状腺切除组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 甲状腺转移癌临床少见,细针吸取细胞学可以有效的诊断甲状腺转移癌.甲状腺转移癌是恶性肿瘤的晚期表现,预后较差.     

Prognostic factors in patients who survived more than 10 years after undergoing surgery for metastatic brain tumors: report of 5 cases and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Although the overall prognosis of patients with metastatic brain tumors is dismal, a small number survive longer than 10 years after craniotomy. We report 5 patients who survived for more than 10 years after undergoing treatment for metastatic brain tumor. METHODS: The 5 patients who survived for more than 10 years after undergoing craniotomy were among 56 consecutively treated patients with solitary metastatic brain tumors. We retrospectively examined their clinical course, treatment, and variables associated with their longer survival and compared these 5 patients with other reported cases of metastatic brain tumor. RESULTS: The histologic tumor types and the sites of origin of the primary tumor varied: two were from lung cancer and one each was from colon cancer, renal cell, and cervical carcinoma of the uterus. Common features among the long-term survivors were: systemic disease was absent, the metastatic tumor was located in the non-eloquent area of the non-dominant hemisphere, they were in good neurologic condition before surgery, there was a long interval between the diagnosis and treatment of the primary lesion and the diagnosis of the brain metastasis, and the patients received postoperative irradiation/chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgical treatment may be justified in young patients with a solitary metastatic brain tumor, as long as they are free of active systemic metastases.     

原发性甲状腺功能亢进症合并甲状腺癌临床分析

目的 探讨原发性甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)合并甲状腺癌(甲癌)的诊治方法。方法 对1993年7月至2002年3月11例原发性甲亢合并甲癌临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 发病率1．6％。术前术中甲癌漏诊率81．8％。2例首次手术为甲状腺—侧腺叶全切加峡部切除加对侧腺叶次全切除，9例首次手术为甲状腺次全切除术。术后病理均为原发性甲亢合并甲癌，滤泡状腺癌5例，乳头状腺癌4例，混合癌2例，无颈淋巴结转移。7例行二次手术，3例有甲状腺残癌，残癌率42．9％。所有病例术后均长期给予甲状腺素片治疗。10例生存良好，1例死亡。结论 原发性甲亢合并甲癌易漏诊，发现甲状腺结节应警惕合并甲癌可能性。合理的手术治疗，术后服用甲状腺素片，疗效较好。     

Prognostic indicators of outcomes in patients with distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Distant metastasis is uncommon in differentiated thyroid cancer and the prognosis is unclear. This study aims to evaluate outcomes and to define independent variables that are associated with tumor-related mortality in patients with distant metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of the thyroid cancer research database identified 336 patients with distant metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated at a single institution between 1941 and 2000. After excluding patients with local or regional recurrence, distant disease was either the first site of recurrence or was detected at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor in 242 patients (72%). Patient, tumor, and treatment-related factors were analyzed for their relation to disease-specific survival (DSS) using multivariate Cox regression and the log-rank test. RESULTS: Median survival was 4.1 years and 10-year DSS was 26%. Distant disease was synchronous with the primary diagnosis in 97 of 242 (40%) patients. The site of metastasis was lung only in 103 (43%) patients, bone only in 80 (33%), other sites in 14 (6%), and more than one organ system in 45 (19%). Multivariate analysis identified age 45 years or more, symptoms, site other than lung only or bone only, and no radioactive iodine treatment for the metastasis as predictors of poor outcome with 13%, 11%, 16%, and 12% 10-year DSS, respectively. This compares with age less than 45 years, asymptomatic presentation, metastasis only in the lung or bone, and radioactive iodine treatment with 10-year DSS rates of 58%, 45%, 32%, and 33%, respectively (all p < 0.0001). Radioactive iodine treatment was more often given in patients who were less than 45 years of age, asymptomatic, and with metastasis only in the lung or bone only (p = 0.03, 0.11, 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Longterm survival is possible in patients with distant metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancer. This retrospective study found that age of 45 years or more, site other than lung only or bone only, and symptoms at the time of diagnosis are associated with poorer outcomes.     

儿童甲状腺乳头状癌临床分析及肺转移风险因素讨论

目的 探讨分析儿童甲状腺乳头状癌临床特征及肺转移风险因素以指导临床工作.方法 收集2005-2016年郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科收治的14岁以下首次行手术治疗并经过术后常规病理证实为甲状腺乳头状癌患者资料40例,将有关头颈部恶性肿瘤或淋巴瘤病史、继发性甲状腺癌、甲状腺功能亢进合并甲状腺乳头状癌,病例资料不完整的病例排除.40例患儿年龄3 ～ 14岁,其中男12例,女28例.最大肿瘤直径7.5 cm,最小肿瘤直径0.3 cm.肿瘤病灶单发22例,多发18例.肿瘤合并颈部淋巴结转移33例,无颈部淋巴结转移7例.肿瘤合并肺转移10例,无肺转移30例.采用x2检验和Logistic回归分析儿童甲状腺乳头状癌患者年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、病灶数、手术方式、颈部淋巴结转移等临床特征及肺转移相关风险因素.结果 儿童甲状腺乳头状癌肺转移的阳性率为25.0％(10/40),统计分析发现:肿瘤合并肺转移患儿阳性率在多发病灶数(x2=8.620,P=0.003)、肿瘤直径≥2 cm(x2=5.763,P=0.016)中较高且差异有统计学意义,经Logistic回归分析示:多病灶数是儿童甲状腺乳头状癌肺转移的危险因素(OR:13.058,P=0.028).结论 较高的肺转移率为儿童甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特征,对于多病灶的甲状腺乳头状癌患儿,肺转移风险明显增高.     

甲状腺癌骨转移的外科治疗及预后因素分析

 目的 探讨甲状腺癌骨转移的临床特点、外科治疗策略及影响预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2011年7月间接受外科治疗且有完整随访资料的46例甲状腺癌骨转移患者的临床资料,男20例,女26例;年龄40~87岁,平均56.87岁。中轴骨转移占91.3%,四肢骨转移占8.7%。分化型甲状腺癌占76.1%,低分化型占23.9%。19例为单发骨转移,27例为多发骨转移。应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和COX回归对性别、年龄、病理类型、骨转移病灶数目、转移部位、内脏转移、骨科并发症、转移时长、首诊时已发生骨转移、原发病灶手术、接受131I治疗、原发病灶接受放化疗、术前一般情况、手术方式、病灶性质、术中出血量、应用预防出血措施、围手术期并发症、远期并发症19项因素进行分析。结果 78.3%的患者接受了切除性手术,平均出血量为2603.26 ml,术后5年生存率为37.3%,10年生存率为12.4%。分化型甲状腺癌、单发骨转移、接受131I治疗、术前一般情况良好为预后良好因素,其中单发骨转移和接受131I治疗为独立影响因素。结论 明确甲状腺骨转移患者的预后因素有助于确定手术适应证,从而进一步提高甲状腺癌骨转移患者的治疗效果和生存期。     

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??Coexisting nodular goiter and thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 262 cases HE Liang, ZHANG Hao??DONG Wen-wu, et al. Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Corresponding author: ZHANG Hao,E-mail: haozhang@mail.cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and the highlight of diagnosis and treatment of nodular goiter in patients with coexistent thyroid carcinoma??Methods A total of 262 nodular goiter coexisting with thyroid carcinoma patients underwent operations from January 1998 to December 2007 at the First Hospital, China Medical University were retrospectively reviewed??Results Two hundreds and sixty-two patients accounted for 33.9% in thyroid carcinoma patients at the same time. The age mainly ranged from 40 to 59 years. The sex ratio was 1:5.2 (male:female). The clinical characteristics were manifested as nodular goiter. In addition to 25 patients who received secondary operation had a clear diagnosis before surgery. 70.0% of tumors were suspected as malignant lesions by preoperative ultrasound examination, in which 39.2% exhibited as microcalcification. The accuracy rate of intra-operative fast frozen section pathological examination was 93.2%. Tumor nodules less than 2.0 cm in diameter accounted for 62.9%, and microcarcinomas accounted for 40.1%. Clinical phase I cases accounted for 74%. The main pathological type was papillary carcinoma??93.1%??. The various styles of thyroidectomy were performed according to the different pathological results?? Neck dissection was performed in 122 patients, and 46 of them had cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Most patients with coexisting thyroid carcinomas and nodular goiter have small tumor size and lower incidence of lymph node metastasis. The coexistent thyroid carcinoma was often well differentiated papillary cancer??The preoperative ultrasonography and the intra-operative fast frozen section examination are helpful for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma in nodular goiter?? Regular follow-up in patients with nodular goiter could improve the early diagnostic rate of coexisting thyroid carcinoma.     

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目的 探讨甲状腺癌的临床诊治新特点.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院头颈外科 2006年收治的572例甲状腺癌的临床资料.结果 在该组样本中,乳头状癌531例(占92.8%).中央区淋巴结转移301例(占52.6%),侧颈区淋巴结转移117例(占20.5%),远处转移共8例.超声对甲状腺癌原发灶诊断的准确率为88.2%.甲状腺微癌204例(占35.7%),其中167例为普查时超声发现.结论 颈部淋巴结转移率与原发灶直径呈正相关.甲状腺微癌逐渐增多,这可能是甲状腺癌发病率增高的主要原因.     

Clinical value, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid differentiated microcarcinoma

Results of surgical treatment of 240 patients with thyroid differentiated microcarcinoma (less 1 cm in diameter) are analyzed. Papillary and follicular tumor was diagnosed at 212 (88.3%) and 28 (11.7%) respectively. Microcarcinoma had no clinical symptoms in majority cases. In some cases microcarcinoma had aggressive clinical course: at 10.8% patients the tumor was extended beyond the bounds of thyroid capsule (T3), at 2.1% patients the primary symptoms of disease were metastases into cervical nodes. Long-term results of surgical treatment were followed-up until 25 years after surgery, 5-year survival rate and recurrence-free period were 99.5 and 99% respectively. Recurrence of tumor occurred at 2 (0.8%) patients with initial III and IVA stages of disease despite previous radical operation, one of them died in 4 years after surgery. Microcarcinoma is regarded as early stage of thyroid gland cancer. Ultrasonic examination and fine-needle biopsy permit to diagnose timely this malignant tumor.     

An optimal follow-up protocol for renal cell carcinoma based on the occurrence of recurrences after surgery

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The tumor biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains poorly understood and the prognosis of which is unpredictable. To define an optimal follow-up protocol in nonmetastatic RCC, tumor recurrences and the clinical course were assessed in the patients who had undergone nephrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 1972 to July 1999, 265 patients with PT1-3N0 (Nx) M 0 RCC underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. Clinicopathological variables were compares with the time of the first recurrence, site of metastasis and reason for diagnosis. RESULTS: In July 1999, the median (range) follow-up for the surviving patients was 50 (1-244) months. Metastases were diagnosed in 45 of the 265 patients (17%). Sixty percent of the patients had their metastases diagnosed within 3 years and 87% by 6 years. The incidence and the mean time to first diagnosis of recurrence were 9.0% and 43.6 months for pT1, 32.4% and 39.6 months for pT2, and 32.7% and 25.0 months for pT3. Metastatic sites and the mean time of diagnosis were 40.6 months in lung (46.7%), 26.1 months in bone (17.8%), 18.6 months in retroperitoneal organs (11.1%), 38.0 months in liver (6.7%), 51.0 months in thyroid gland (4.4%) and 31.0 months in brain (2.2%). Most recurrence in lung, retroperitoneal organs and liver were incidentally diagnosed, whereas recurrences in bone, thyroid gland and brain had some symptoms associated with metastases. Incidence of lung metastasis in pT1 (9 patients, 56%) and pT2 (6, 55%) was greater than that in PT3 (6, 33%). In contrast, incidence of abdominal metastasis (retroperitoneal organs and the liver) in pT3 (4 patients, 33%) was grater than pT1 (2, 12%) and PT2 (1, 16%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the risk of tumor progression and site of metastasis seemed to depend on original TNM stage. Therefore stage specific postoperative follow-up protocol should be considered. The yearly follow-up may suffice for pT1a patients after surgery. For pT1b and pT2 patients, the follow-up should be intense during the first 3 years by a routine chest X-ray. For pT3 patients, the follow-up during the first 2 years may be important. Particularly, considering the high incidence of abdominal metastasis in these patients, examination by CT scan is recommended every 6 months in the first 2 years. No need for bone scintigraphy and brain CT was indicated for asymptomatic patients.     

大肠癌肝转移的临床病理学研究

目的 探讨大肠癌肝转移的临床病理学特点.方法 回顾分析2003年3月至2007年11月间经临床病理学确诊的大肠癌肝转移80例的临床资料.对发病情况、肿瘤部位、病理分期、组织分型等方面进行分析,并与随机抽样同期收治的无肝转移的大肠癌45例病人的临床资料进行比较.结果 转移组年龄24～83岁.平均63.36岁,男女比1.58:1;无转移组年龄27～82岁,平均65.22岁,男女比1.14:1.统计学分析:年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤病理组织学类型、肿瘤分化程度两组差异无统计学意义;肿瘤浸润程度、肿瘤大体病理类型、肿瘤直径大小、有无淋巴结转移两组差异具有统计学意义.结论 大肠癌的肝转移与肿瘤的病情发展进程(浸润深度、肿瘤大体病理类型、肿瘤直径大小、有无淋巴结转移)有关,早期诊断、治疗对减少大肠癌肝转移至关重要.     

Colon cancer metastatic to the lung and the thyroid gland

The clinical diagnosis of primary thyroid cancer is uncommon, constituting 1.5% of all cancers in the United States. Clinically diagnosed metastatic cancer to the thyroid gland is rare. Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, with a high propensity to metastasize; 30% to 40% of patients have metastatic disease at the initial diagnosis. The most common sites of metastasis from colon cancer are the regional lymph nodes, the liver, the lung, and the peritoneum. Colon cancer metastasis to the thyroid gland is rare, with only a few reported cases, mainly in the pathology literature. These cases describe metastasis from colon cancer to the thyroid gland that became apparent years after the initial diagnosis of colon cancer and were usually associated with dissemination to the liver, the lung, or both. We report a case of colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland and lung without involvement of the liver. A review of the literature is also included.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结跳跃性转移因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨影响甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结跳跃性转移的相关危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2018年1月161例甲状腺癌患者行甲状腺切除术的临床资料,根据是否发生淋巴结跳跃性转移分为两组,运用SPSS 24.2软件进行统计分析。分类及等比数据采用频数、构成比进行统计描述,比较采用χ²检验。对单因素分析有意义的变量进行Logistic回归分析;以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果161例患者中共有25例患者发生淋巴结跳跃性转移,淋巴结跳跃性转移发生率为15.5%;单因素分析显示年龄、肿瘤大小及肿瘤位置则与跳跃性转移的发生密切相关(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,原发灶直径≤1 cm(OR＝0.182, 95%CI＝0.070～0.472, P＝0.000)与肿瘤累位于甲状腺上极(OR＝0.218, 95%CI＝0.082～0.574, P＝0.002)均为跳跃性颈侧区淋巴转移的独立危险因素。 结论甲状腺乳头状癌患者肿瘤位置位于上极、直径≤ 1 cm与跳跃转移密切相关;对于此类患者必要时需行患侧颈侧区淋巴结清扫,以降低临床甲状腺乳头状癌术后淋巴结转移风险。     

Thyroid cancer in the renal transplant population: epidemiological study

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of thyroid neoplasms in the renal transplant population has not been widely published. The present study compares the behaviour of thyroid cancer in the transplant cohort with that of the general population. It also documents the transplantation outcomes of patients with thyroid and non-thyroid cancers. METHODS: All recipients of renal grafts are registered with the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry. Data were obtained from this institution and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Stata statistical software. Risk ratio, attributable risk, Mann-Whitney test, and the Kaplan-Meier survival probability were calculated. RESULTS: Between 1963 and 31 March 2002, 23 (0.22%) patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer from a cohort of 10,689 renal transplant recipients. The median age in the renal-transplant thyroid cancer group was 48.2 years (range: 23-67 years), and there were 11 (48%) male patients, compared to 26% of thyroid cancer patients in the general population (P = 0.02). The median time to thyroid cancer diagnosis after transplantation was 68 months (range: 3-253 months) compared to 102 months (range: 3-363 months; P = 0.004) in non-thyroid cancers. Ten patients (43%) were found to have lymphatic metastasis, eight of whom presented at the time of primary diagnosis. The risk ratio (RR) was 5.2 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-16.6), with an attributable risk of 17.4 cases per 10,000. There were two cancer-related deaths resulting in a survival probability of 89% at 5, 10 and 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher incidence of thyroid cancer and an altered sex distribution in the renal transplant population. A significant proportion presents with lymphatic metastasis requiring lymph node dissection and radioactive iodine treatment.     

Thyroid metastases]

STUDY AIM: The aim of this retrospective study was to report a short series of thyroid metastases and to emphasize their unusual occurrence and their poor prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From January 1990 to December 1999, among 619 patients operated for a thyroid malignancy, 14 patients had a thyroid metastasis (2.2%). Mean age of the patients was 66 years (range: 35-81). The thyroid metastasis revealed the primitive tumor (n = 8) or occurred in the follow-up of a cancer already treated (n = 6). The primitive tumor was renal (n = 3), breast (n = 3), lung carcinoma (n = 4) and melanoma (n = 1). In the 3 other patients, the primitive tumor was not detected. The thyroid metastasis was apparently isolated in 13 patients. The surgical procedure was a total (n = 3) or partial (n = 7) thyroidectomy and a cervicotomy with biopsy (n = 4). RESULTS: Eleven patients died less than one year after the diagnosis of the metastasis. One patient survived 1 year, another 2 years. One patient only was alive 22 years after the diagnosis of his renal tumor and 10 years after total thyroidectomy. CONCLUSION: Thyroid metastases are clinically very rare and much more frequent at post-mortem examination. They may reveal the primitive cancer but are often detected during the follow-up after treatment of the primitive tumor. When thyroid metastasis is isolated, a total thyroidectomy is justified especially in renal carcinoma, as long-term survivals have been reported.     

Brain and skull metastases of hepatic or pancreatic cancer--report of six cases.

Brain and skull metastases from primary hepatic or pancreatic cancer are very rare. The authors describe six cases of metastatic tumors. These are skull (three cases) and brain (one) metastasis of hepatic cancer and brain metastasis (two) of pancreatic cancer. In three hepatic cancer patients, the metastatic lesions were diagnosed before the diagnosis of primary cancer. In these patients, plain skull x-ray showed osteolytic lesions and vascular enlargement. A postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) scan showed an enhanced high-density epidural mass. Angiograms showed a tumor stain fed by abnormal vessels from the external carotid artery. In one patient with a metastatic brain tumor from hepatic cancer, a CT scan showed a high-density mass with hematoma. In one of the brain metastases from pancreatic cancer, a CT scan revealed a cystic, ring-like enhanced lesion in the thalamus. In the other case, a CT scan showed an isodensity mass in the vermis and hydrocephalus. Metastatic tumors from primary hepatic cancer were soft and hemorrhagic, but they were clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue. In the case of thalamic metastasis, the cyst content was aspirated and an anticancer agent was administered into the cystic cavity. In the other cases, the tumors were totally removed. The outcome was very poor in all cases.     

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目的探讨男性乳腺癌的特点、治疗及预后。方法回顾性总结14例男性乳腺癌的临床特点及治疗方法。结果男性乳腺癌发病年龄偏晚(平均58岁),病程长,腋窝淋巴结转移发生率为43%,肿块大小及淋巴结的转移程度与预后关系密切。结论男性乳腺癌的手术治疗应注重彻底清扫腋窝淋巴结,术后须辅以放化疗及内分泌治疗。     

Solitary thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer: Case report

Introduction and importanceThyroid metastasis of colorectal cancer is rare and the patient with thyroid metastasis has no symptoms early in the disease course. On the other hand, evaluation of thyroid is not generally included in the routine follow-up of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the diagnosis of thyroid metastasis of colorectal cancer may be delayed.Presentation of caseChest computed tomography revealed a nodule on the right lobe of the thyroid in 53-year-old woman diagnosed with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma. This nodule was identified having as increased metabolic activity by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography and confirmed to be consisted of cystic and solid portions by ultrasonography. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodule revealed metastasis of colon cancer. The patient underwent laparoscopic anterior resection and a total thyroidectomy. The size of the thyroid tumor was 1.2 cm with free resection margin.DiscussionThe clinical features of thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer are not typical. In addition, follow-up examinations of patients with colorectal cancer do not include imaging studies of the neck, so the diagnosis of thyroid metastases is delayed. The management strategies for thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer include a total thyroidectomy without prophylactic neck lymph node dissection and chemotherapy. However, as the penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into the thyroid is difficult, the effect on the thyroid is considered insignificant.ConclusionSurgical treatment should be considered for treatment of thyroid metastasis.     

Surgical treatment of metastases from thyroid cancer in the axial skeleton. A retrospective study of 18 cases

Between 1990 and 1997, 18 patients with a mean age of 55.5 years (11 females, 7 males) underwent surgical treatment for a metastasis from thyroid cancer involving the axial skeleton. At the time of surgery all patients had a poor prognosis: 7 metastases revealed the thyroid cancer, all 18 patients had a neurological or mechanical complication, 9 had multiple metastases, all were over 40 years of age. After arteriography with embolization, the surgical procedure consisted of curettage of the tumor and reconstruction, followed by treatment with iodine 131. The survival rate 3 years after surgery was 50%. At the last review, the functional outcome was good and 17 patients had total neurological recovery. Four complications occurred: 1 operative hemorrhage, 3 postoperative infections. Four patients had local recurrence of the metastasis with a one-year survival rate of 20%. When the thyroid cancer was revealed by the axial metastasis, the 3-year-survival rate was 42%. In cases with huge metastases, the 3-year-survival rate was 71%. It appears from these data that surgical treatment of metastases from thyroid cancer in the axial skeleton still achieves a good functional outcome even in cases where neurological or mechanical complications had occurred before surgery.