Combined detection of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9, acetyl heparinase and Cathepsin L in diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Objective:To investigate the clinic values of combining test of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9),acetyl heparinase(Hpa) and Cathepsin L(CL) in diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Methods:Serum levels of MMP-9,Hpa and CL were detected in a total of 418 cases,including 217 cases with ovarian malignant tumor,100 cases with ovarian benign tumor and 101 healthy controls,by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Their correlation with clinicopathologic feature of ovarian malignant tumor was analyzed and their diagnosis performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC).The combined diagnosis model was established by logistic regression analysis.Results:The serum levels of MMP-9,Hpa and CL were significantly higher in patients with ovarian malignant tumor than in benign tumor and healthy control,the serum levels of CL and Hpa were higher in epithelial cancer than in non-epithelial tumor,and MMP-9,Hpa and CL were elevated in low grade and advanced stage compared to high grade and early stage.The sensitivity for diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor from high to low was CL,Hpa and MMP-9,and the specificity was MMP-9,CL and Hpa.The united diagnosis model was established and showed the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were 84.6% and 82.1%,respectively,which were significantly higher than a single tumor marker.Conclusion: Serum MMP‐9, Hpa and CL were correlated with ovarian malignant tumor and the combined detection of which may be valuable for clinical diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor.     

良恶性前列腺疾病肿瘤血管形成的MR灌注加权成像评价

Objective: To explore the application of MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in the benign and malignant prostate diseases, and evaluate the correlations of PWI features with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD). Methods: Seventy-four consecutive patients who were diagnosed clinically for the prostate diseases, including forty-four cases with benign prostate hyperplasia and thirty cases with prostatic cancer proved pathologically, were examined by PWI. MVD and VEGF were stained with immunohistochemical methods. Some parameters of PWI, including the steepest slope of signal intensity-time curve (SSmax) and the change in relaxation rate (△R2* peak) at lesions, were analyzed.Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the results of PWI and immunohistochemistry. Results:(1) In the benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), SSmax and △R2* peak of perfusion curve were 34.2 2.9 and 1.49±0.11,respectively; however, in the prostatic cancer (Pca), they were 58.6±4.8 and 3.18 0.49 respectively; there were statistical differences (t = 2.16 and 2.31, P ＜ 0.05). (2) The VEGF and MVD expressions of thirty Pca patients were significantly higher than those of forty-four BPH patients (X2 = 28.64, P＜0.01; t = 21.2, P＜0.01). MVD expressions of Pca and BPH groups showed positive associations with VEGF expressions (P＜0.01). On MR perfusion-weighted imaging, SSmax and △R2* peak showed associations with MVD and VEGF expressions (P＜0.01). Conclusion: On MR perfusion-weighted imaging, SSmax and △R2* peak can reflect MVD and VEGF expression levels in the benign and malignant prostate diseases and might be implied the tumor angiogenesis so as to distinguish benign from malignant and provide the important information for the surgeon to diagnose and treat the prostatic diseases.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像诊断周围型肺癌及其微血管密度对照研究

Objective： To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of peripheral lung cancer using multi-slice CT （MSCT） perfusion imaging and the relationship with microvessel density （MVD）. Methods： 38 patients with pulmonary masses proved by pathology including 25 cases of peripheral lung cancer and 13 cases of benign masses were studied prospectively with GE Lightspeed Qx/I plus 16-slice helical CT perfusion imaging, and 25 patients with lung cancer were comparative studied with its MVD calculated using LSAB. With the CT perfusion 2-body tumor software, the parameters of CT perfusion including blood value （BV）, blood flow （BF）, mean transit time （MTT） and permeability surface （PS） were analyzed. Results： The four parameter values in lung cancer were all higher than that in pulmonary benign masses, and there were significant differences among BV, MTT and PS （P〈0.05）, especially in BV （P〈0.01）. The MVD value of lung cancer was higher than that of pulmonary benign masses （P〈0.05）, and the MVD of adenocarcinoma was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma （P〈0.05）. In 25 cases with lung cancer, there was positive correlation only between BV and MVD value （r=0.852, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： It is helpful to diagnose the peripheral lung cancer with MSCT perfusion imaging and to differentiate from pulmonary benign masses, its bases are MVD pathologically.     

Expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in benign and malignant tissues of breast

Objective:To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and microvessel density(MVD)count in breast benign affection,breast atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma in situ,and to clarify the relationship between VEGF expression,MVD and the clinicopathological features of these diseases. Methods:The expression of VEGF and MVD count in 115 cases breast benign diseases(including 40 breast fibroid tumor,40 breast cystic hyperplasia and 35 intraductal papilloma,19 breast atypical hyperplasias and 32 breast carcinomas in situ were examined by immunohistochemistry staining(SP-method). Results:The positive rate of VEGF in breast benign diseases,breast atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma in situ were 21.74%(25/115)、31.58.%(6/19)and 53.13%(17/32)respectively.It was the lowest in breast benign affection group,and was the highest breast carcinoma in situ group.The expression of VEGF increased gradually in the three groups(P＜0.05).The MVD count of the three groups were 14.41±2.59,18.89±4.47 and 21.13±4.12 respectively,It was the lowest in breast benign affection group,and was the highest breast carcinoma in situ group.The MVD count of the three groups increased gradually(P＜0.05).In VEGF positive group,MVD count was 19.41±4.78;In VEGF negative group,MVD count was 14.91±3.15.The MVD count was higher in VEGF positive group than that in VEGF negative group(P＜0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study suggested that VEGF could promote microvessel growth in breast tumors.The occurrence and progression of breast cancer might be related with the expression of VEGF.     

声辐射力脉冲超声弹性成像对乳腺实质性病灶的诊断(英文)

Objective:The aim of our study was to make the qualitative and quantitative analysis to breast lesions using acoustic radiation force impulses (ARFI), and assess the diagnostic value of ARFI for differentiation between benign and malignant solid breast masses, meanwhile evaluate the influences of ARFI with breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) of suspicious masses. Methods:Seventy-five women with 86 breast lesions underwent conventional breast ultrasound examination. Then B-mode BI-RADS features and assessments were recorded and standard breast US supplemented by ARFI elastographic examination were repeated. The data were recorded and analyzed as following:area ratio of breast lesion, the shear-wave velocity, the ratio of the shear-wave velocity between lesions and surrounding normal tissues, and according to the elastographic data reconsidered the BI-RADS category, all the results have been correlated with pathological results and make statistical evaluations of ARFI for differentiation between benign and malignant solid breast masses. Meantime our study has correlated the adjusted BI-RADS category of suspicious breast lesions with the pathological results and made assessment. Results:Thirty-eight patients were malignant breast carcinoma (31 invasive ductal carcinoma, 5 intraductal carcinoma in situ, 2 medullary carcinoma, 2 invasive lobular carcinoma), 48 patients were benign breast lesions (23 fibroadenoma, 12 benign nodular hyperplasia, 5 phyllodes tumor, 6 adenosis, 2 intraductal papilloma). Underwent conventional breast ultrasound exam, 42 cases were BI-RADS category 3, 23 cases were BI-RADS category 4. When adding elastographic data, 46 cases were BI-RADS category 3 and 20 cases were BI-RADS category 4. Compared with pathological results showed for both the specificity of BIRADS features and the area under ROC curve has risen. Virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) and virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) data showed the area ratio (AR) between elastographic lesions area and B-mode lesions area, SWV (maximal shear-wave velocity of lesions), R-SWV (shear-wave velocity ratio between lesions and surrounding normal tissues) in benign breast lesions were lower than those in malignant lesions which has statistical significance and the cut-off point were 1.1, 4.65 m/s, 5.18 respectively. Conclusion:The ARFI elastography can provide the reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis about hardness of breast lesions, supply the new BI-RADS category features to suspicious breast masses and serve as an effective diagnostic tool for differentiation between benign and malignant solid masses.     

Correlation of MR perfusion-weighted imaging of prostatic cancer with tumor angiogenesis

Objective:MR perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI)has been widely applied in the research of cerebral tumor,benign and malignant musculoskeletal neoplasms and so on.The aim of this study is to explore the application of MR perfusion-weighted imaging in prostatic cancer(Pca),and evaluate the correlation of PWI features with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and microvessel density(MVD).Methods:Twenty-eight consecutive patients who were diagnosed clinically as prostatic cancer and thirty healthy volunteers were examined by PWI.MVD and VEGF were stained with immunohistochemical methods.Some parameters of PWI,including the steepest slope of signal intensity-time curve(SSmax)and the change in relaxation rate(△R2*peak)at lesions,were analyzed.Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the results of PWI and that of immunohistochemistry.Results:(1)In the healthy volunteers.the steepest slope of signal intensity-time curve(SSmax)and △R2*peak of perfusion curve were;0.430±0.011,2.01±0.7 respectively;however,in the prostatic caucer,they were 57.8±5.0,3.0±0.6 respectively;with significant difference(t=4.11,3.28,P＜0.01).(2)The VEGF and MVD expression of twenty-eight Pca patients were significantly higher.Conclusion:On MR perfusion.weighted imaging,SSmax and △R2*peak Can reflect MVD and VEGF expression levels in prostatic cancer.suggesting information on tumor angiogenesis.Thus they are beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer.     

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON 3441 CASES OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT ULCERS——The National Cooperative Group for Pathological Study on the Canceration of Gastric Ulcer

Resected specimens of benign and malignant gastric ulcers from 3441 cases were studied and compared clinically and pathologically. Among them, 421 cases of malignant ulcer were found. The malignant ulcers differed notably from the ulcerated gastric carcinoma and showed many similarities to the benign chronic gastric ulcer (CGU). The most distinct feature of malignant ulcer was lack of cancerous infiltration and muscular residue in the scar tissue of ulcer base. The existence of this type of ulcer clinically and pathomophologically supports the viewpoint that CGU can undergo malignant change. The rate of malignant change of CGU in this study was 3. 48%.     

Correlation of VEGF and COX-2 Expression with VM in Malignant Melanomas

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in melanomas and the expressive difference of VEGF and COX-2 between melanomas with and without vasculogenic mimicry(VM).METHODS Sixty cases of malignant melanomas emoeaaea In paraffin were studied. The tumors were divided into a high-grade malignant group and a low-grade malignant group based on their tumor type, atypia and survival time of the patient. Then tissue microarrays were produced from these paraffin-embedded tumor tissues which were stained for VEGF, COX-2 and PAS. The difference in expression between VEGF and COX-2 in the malignant melanomas was compared using a grid-count. In addition, the tumors were also divided into mimicry and non-mimicry groups based on their PAS staining. Then the differences between the PAS positive and negative areas of the 2 groups were compared.RESULTS In malignant melanomas with VM, VEGF and COX-2 expression was less in tumors in which VM was absent, but VEGF, COX-2 expression in high-grade malignant melanomas was higher than that in low-grade grade malignant melanomas. Expression of VEGF was correlated with COX-2 expression.CONCLUSION VM exists in some high-grade malignant melanomas. The differences and relations between VEGF and COX-2 showed that some high-grade malignant melanomas possess a unique molecular-mechanism of tumor metastasis and blood supply.     

彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断乳腺癌和非哺乳期乳腺炎性肿块的价值

Objective: To evaluate the value of identifying and diagnosing mammary carcinoma and non-lactation mastitis lump (NLM) by multicolor Doppler ultrasonography. Methods: We compared and analyzed the examination results of 69 cases of mammary carcinoma proved by surgical pathology and 22 cases of NLM before surgery by multicolor Doppler ultra-sonography. Results: The detection rates of mammary carcinoma and NLM focus by ultrasonic examining were 100%. The shape, envelope, foul line, blood stream between sound and image of two diseases were similar. Of the two diseases, the representation with slight calcification in lump, lower echo in low echo, bloodstream distribution and resistance were different. Conclusion: By analyzing the sound and image representation of mammary lump, we find color Doppler ultrasonography has significant value in identifying and diagnosing mammary carcinoma and non-lactation mastitis lump.     

Role of the texture features of images in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules in different sizes

Objective： To explore the role of the texture features of images in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules （SPNs） in different sizes. Materials and methods： A total of 379 patients with pathologically confirmed SPNs were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three groups based on the SPN sizes： ≤10, 11-20, and 〉20 mm. Their texture features were segmented and extracted. The differences in the image features between benign and malignant SPNs were compared. The SPNs in these three groups were determined and analyzed with the texture features of images. Results： These 379 SPNs were successfully segmented using the 2D Otsu threshold method and the self-adaptive threshold segmentation method. The texture features of these SPNs were obtained using the method of grey level co-occurrence matrix （GLCM）. Of these 379 patients, 120 had benign SPNs and 259 had malignant SPNs. The entropy, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and correlation were 3.5597±0.6470, 0.5384±0.2561, 0.1921±0.1256, 0.8281±0.0604, and 0.8748±0.0740 in the benign SPNs and 3.8007±0.6235, 0.6088±0.2961, 0.1673±0.1070, 0.7980±0.0555, and 0.8550±0.0869 in the malignant SPNs （all P〈0.05）. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the texture features of images were 83.3%, 90.0%, and 86.8%, respectively, for SPNs sized 〈10 mm, and were 86.6%, 88.2%, and 87.1%, respectively, for SPNs sized 11-20 mm and 94.7%, 91.8%, and 93.9%, respectively, for SPNs sized 〉20 mm. Conclusions： The entropy and contrast of malignant pulmonary nodules have been demonstrated to be higher in comparison to those of benign pulmonary nodules, while the energy, homogeneity correlation of malignant pulmonary nodules are lower than those of benign pulmonary nodules. The texture features of images can reflect the tissue features and have high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differentiating SPNs. The sensitivity and accuracy increase for larger SPNs.     

乳腺肿块微血管密度与血氧近红外光参数的实验研究

 目的 从组织微血管分布密度初探乳腺肿块血氧近红外光参数的可靠性。方法 用近红外光TBO—I型双波长乳腺肿瘤检测仪，对检测的181例乳腺肿块进行近红外光血氧参数分类和病理切片检查明确肿块性质，并对其中20例恶性肿块和20例良性肿块进行免疫组织化学SP法检测乳腺肿块微血管密度，运用医学统计学方法分析近红外光血氧参数与微血管密度的相关性。结果 （1）28例高血乳腺肿块微血管密度值和血含量值分别为24．56±8．110和1．891±0．850，12例低血乳腺肿块微血管密度值和血含量值分别为17．98±8．729和0．698±0．283，两者比较存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）；（2）40例乳腺肿块的微血管密度值与近红外光血含量值直线相关系数为r=0．4208（P〈0．05）。结论 乳腺良、恶性肿块局部微血管密度与其血含量近红外检测参数存在相关性，说明了近红外光血含量检测参数作为诊断乳腺癌标准的可靠性。     

Primary intracranialRhabdomyosarcoma: Case report and review of the literature

Summary Invasion of the meninges is a relatively common complication of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), while RMS arising primarily within the brain or meninges is rare. We report the case of an 11-year old child with a primary “primitive” frontal lobe tumor, subsequent leptomeningeal spread and fatal intratumoral hemorrhage; the diagnosis of RMS was discovered only at postmortem examination. The literature contains a total of 34 reported cases of primary intracranial RMS. This tumor has been observed to arise in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) locations in patients of all ages, but most commonly within the posterior fossa of children. Leptomeningeal dissemination and spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage are important clinical features. Postoperative chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation may improve the anticipated poor prognosis of patients treated with surgery and radiation alone. The diagnosis of RMS may be missed unless electron microscopic and specific immunohistochemical studies are applied to “undifferentiated” or “primitive” CNS tumors.     

Decreased rate of infection in glioblastoma patients with allelic loss of chromosome 10q

Introduction Chromosome 10q allelic loss commonly occurs in glioblastoma. Disruption of PTEN, one of three known 10q tumor suppressor genes, affects the immune system by increasing tumor expression of immunosuppressive protein B7-H1 and by increasing tumor release of Th2-inducing cytokines. While the former might impair antitumor cellular immunity, a consideration for immunotherapy, the latter could cause 10q-maintaining tumor patients to experience comparatively higher rates of bacterial infections, a source of morbidity and mortality in glioblastoma patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 58 glioblastoma patients whose tumors were designated “normal-10q” (n = 16) or “LOH-10q” (n = 42) using loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assays of microsatellite markers in constitutional/tumor DNA pairs. Records were reviewed for symptomatic, microbiologically or radiographically confirmed infections in the first 2 years after diagnosis. Results Infection occurred more frequently in “normal-10q” than “LOH-10q” patients (56% vs. 14% of patients experiencing infection; P = 0.001). “Normal-10q” patients more commonly developed all four infection types studied (urinary tract = 38% vs. 13%, craniotomy wound = 19% vs. 0%, pneumonia = 19% vs. 5%, sepsis = 6% vs. 3%). “Normal-10q” and “LOH-10q” patients had similar survival, ages, chemotherapy treatment rates, and frequency of patients on dexamethasone 1 month after radiation therapy (P = 0.4–0.98), making these factors unlikely to explain the observed difference in infection rates. Conclusion While tumor mutations may inhibit antitumor immunity, the effects of these mutations on systemic immunity remain undetermined. We found higher infection rates after glioblastoma diagnosis in patients whose tumors maintained chromosome 10q than in patients whose tumors had allelic 10q loss. Differing effects of this genetic alteration on antitumor and systemic immunity may warrant further investigation, potentially providing insight into mechanisms of antitumor immunity and host defenses against local and systemic infections.     

Intratumoral concentrations of imatinib after oral administration in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

Imatinib, an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor of PDGF receptor, c-abl and c-kit, is currently in clinical trials to assess its efficacy in malignant gliomas. Although imatinib does not readily penetrate an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB), the extent to which it distributes into regions of high grade gliomas where the BBB is compromised has not been determined. Patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas for whom repeat surgical tumor debulking was clinically indicated received imatinib mesylate 600 mg orally once a day for seven days prior to surgery. Tissue samples were collected from different regions of the tumor and the approximate location of these samples was determined using frameless stereotactic neuronavigation. Plasma samples were obtained immediately before and after the resection. The concentration of imatinib in the plasma and tumor samples was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Eleven tumor samples were obtained from three patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. The median concentration of imatinib in these 11 tumor specimens was 1.34 μg/g (range 0.21–4.31 μg/g) and the median tumor-to-plasma ratio was 0.71 (range 0.28–3.03). These findings suggest that imatinib can reach intratumoral concentrations similar to those or higher than in plasma in regions of glioblastoma where the BBB is disrupted as indicated by contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human breast cancer: Correlation with disease-free survival

Studies have shown that microvessel density influences breast-cancer prognosis. Since tumor angiogenesis is considered to be substantially affected by the excretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from tumor cells, we examined whether VEGF concentration is different in malignant and in non-malignant breast tissue. It was also of interest to discover whether intratumoral VEGF concentration influences disease-free survival (DFS) of breast-cancer patients. Analysis is based on 120 tissue specimens taken from breast fibromas (n = 23), normal epithelial breast tissue adjacent to fibromas (n = 8) and invasive breast cancer (n = 89). VEGF concentration was quantified by using an immunoassay. Microvessel density was determined by immunostaining for factor-VIII-related antigen. Median VEGF concentration is given in pg/mg protein (25%-quantile—75%-quantile) and it was 0 (0–1.8) in normal breast tissue, 9.8 (0.52–43.0) in fibromas and 130.4 (50.8–362.2) in invasive carcinomas. A univariate Cox model revealed that node status, tumor size, estrogen-receptor concentration, histological grading and microvessel density were prognostic factors for disease-free survival in breast cancer. We found a significant correlation between VEGF concentration and microvessel count, but VEGF concentration did not significantly influence disease-free survival. Although VEGF protein was found at a significantly higher concentration in malignant than in non-malignant tissue, determination of intratumoral VEGF protein by an enzyme immunoassay was not prognostically relevant in our patient population. Int. J. Cancer 74:455–458, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Patterns of failure after stereotactic radiotherapy of intracranial meningioma

The aim of this work is to evaluate patterns of failure in patients with recurrent meningioma after stereotactic radiotherapy. Of 411 patients with intracranial meningioma treated with radiotherapy at our institution, 22 patients with local tumor progression diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after radiotherapy (RT) were identified and further investigated. The histologic grade of the meningiomas was World Health Organization (WHO) grade I in 54.5%, WHO grade II in 27.3%, and WHO grade III in 9.1% of cases. Fourteen patients had received fractionated stereotactic RT; five patients underwent intensity-modulated RT. The median total dose was 57.6 Gy at 1.8 Gy/fraction, five times weekly. Local recurrences were divided into the dosimetric categories “central” (“in-field”) and “marginal” (“out-field”). Median follow-up was 59.5 months. Eleven local failures were found to be central, and 11 were marginal. Recurrence-free survival (P < 0.05) and site of local recurrence (P < 0.05) depended statistically significantly on histology. Median recurrence-free survival was 46 months for patients with benign meningioma (WHO grade I) and 31.5 months for patients with higher-grade meningioma (WHO grade II/III). In the WHO grade I group, three recurrences were central and nine were marginal, whereas in the WHO grade II/III group seven recurrences were central and one was marginal. Median time to local tumor progression and site of local recurrence significantly depended on histological grade of meningioma. Regarding site of failure, improvement of dose coverage for benign meningiomas and dose escalation for high-grade tumors might further improve therapy outcome.     

Expression of VEGF and microvessel density in patients with multiple myeloma: clinical and prognostic significance

The conflicting data are reported on the clinical significance of VEGF deregulation and intensity of angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) in multiple myeloma, as well as the relationship of their expression with selected clinical data, histological features, and proliferative activity of myeloma cells. We analyzed bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained from 59 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Expression of VEGF and MVD was analyzed using standard immunohistochemical method (antibodies against VEGF and CD34, respectively) on B5-fixed and routinely processed paraffin-embedded bone marrow specimens. MVD was estimated by counting the number of microvessels in three “hot spots” at 400× magnification. VEGF immunoreactivity was estimated on the basis of intensity and percentage of positive plasma cells. VEGF was expressed in 47/59 (79.7%) specimens. There was no significant correlation between VEGF overexpression and age, clinical stage, the extent of osteolytic lesions, type of monoclonal protein, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, serum concentration of creatinine, calcium, and albumins, the extent of bone marrow infiltration, histological grade, and proliferative activity index (measured with Ki-67 immunoreactivity). No significant difference was observed regarding the overall survival between VEGF-positive and VEGF-negative patients (29 vs. 34 months, P = 0.8). Median MVD was 15, ranging from 1 to 89 microvessels per three “hot spots”. There was significant correlation between MVD and histological grade, the extent of bone marrow infiltration, and proliferative activity. Significant difference was observed regarding the overall survival between patients with low MVD (<15) and patients with high MVD (≥15) (46 vs. 22 months, P = 0.009; univariate analysis). The results of this study did not reveal clinical significance of VEGF overexpression in multiple myeloma. On the contrary, the extent of bone marrow angiogenesis is an indicator of biological potency of malignant clone and a predictor of poor survival in newly diagnosed myeloma.     

Induction of mammary tumors in female Sprague--Dawley rats by the food-derived carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyliniidazo [4,5-b]pyridine and effect of dietary fat

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a carcinogenfound in cooked meat, was determined to be a mammary carcinogenin female Sprague—Dawley rats on a high fat diet. Forty-three-day-oldfemale Sprague—Dawley rats received 10 doses of PhIP (75mg/kg, p.o., days 1–5 and 8–12). Two days afterthe last dose of PhIP, animals were placed on a high polyunsaturatedfat diet (23.5% corn oil) or a standard low fat diet (5% cornoil). After 25 weeks on the defined diet, mammary tumor incidence(average tumor mass ± SE) was 53% (5.7 ± 1.3 g)and 16% (2.4 ± 0.9 g) in rats on a high fat and standardlow fat diet, respectively. The histological differences inmammary gland tumors found in animals on the standard low fatdiet and the high fat diet were striking. Mammary gland tumorsfound in PhIP-treated rats on the low fat diet were all histologicallybenign. The histopathological changes in these tumors includedhypertrophic changes resembling the normal mammary gland, fibrocysticchanges, and selerosing adenosis. How ever, 80% of the mammarygland tumors found in PhIP treated rats on a high fat diet werehistologically malignant. These tumors had several malignantphenotypes including intraductal carcinoma (papillary, cribriform,and comedo type), tubular adenocarcinoma, and infiltrating ductcarcinoma. The data indicate that a high fat diet in combinationwith a heterocydic amine carcinogen derived from cooked meatmay enhance the incidence and severity of mammary gland cancer.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1在乳腺癌组织中的表达

Objective  We investigated the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) so as to explore its relationship with carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer. Methods  IGF-1 mRNA levels in tissues of breast cancer, adjacent breast cancer in 70 cases breast cancer patients were analyzed by RT-PCR with the normal breast tissues of paired breast as the control. Results  The level of IGF-1 mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the paired adjacent to breast cancer tissues, normal mammary gland tissues. The ration of IGF-1/β-actin were 0.679 ± 0.075, 0.463 ± 0.085, 0.305 ± 0.031, respectively. There was significant difference between different groups (P < 0.005). Expression of IGF-1 was associated with lymph node metastasis, pathological staging and estrogen receptor status of breast cancer and no significant relationship with tumor pathological grouping (P > 0.005). Conclusion  The high-level expression of IGF-1 in breast cancer tissues is correlated with carcinogenesis, development and metastasis of breast cancer.