眶内电针治疗外伤性单侧外展神经麻痹 临床疗效分析

目的:回顾眶内电针治疗外伤性单侧展神经麻痹的临床疗效,分析影响疗效的相关因素。方法:选择接受眶内电针治疗的外伤性单侧展神经麻痹患者,分析性别、年龄、病程、患眼、昏迷、眶壁骨折、颅内出血、眼位评分、完全性麻痹及治疗次数等对痊愈的影响。结果:共收集103例患者,男76例,女27例;左眼患病66例;右眼患病37例;平均年龄(37.17±15.23)岁;眶内电针治疗后痊愈38例(36.89%),有效47例(45.63%),无效18例(17.48%),总有效率82.52%。组间比较结果显示,痊愈与未痊愈患者在年龄、病程、眼位评分、昏迷及颅内出血等方面差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);二元多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响痊愈的因素包括病程、眼位评分及治疗次数,其中病程、眼位评分为痊愈的危险因素(β=-0.013,P=0.043;β=-1.124,P=0.002);治疗次数为痊愈的保护因素(β=0.029,P=0.002)。结论:眶内电针是治疗外伤性单侧外展神经麻痹的有效方法,患者病程越短、眼位评分越低、治疗次数越多痊愈的可能性越大。     

针康法对缺血性脑卒中患者同型半胱氨酸及认知功能的影响

目的探讨针康法对缺血性脑卒中后认知障碍患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和认知功能的影响。方法 2017年7月至2018年6月,88例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为A组(n=29,头穴丛刺)、B组(n=30,认知训练)和C组(n=29,针康法)。治疗前和治疗30 d后行血清Hcy测定,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行评定。结果治疗后,血清Hcy含量C组最低(F=6.570, P 0.01);MoCA评分C组最高,A组最低(F=31.526, P 0.001)。结论针康法对缺血性脑卒中后认知障碍疗效优于单纯头穴丛刺和认知训练。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症和颈动脉狭窄的关系探讨

选择缺血性脑血管病患者202例,通过头颈部CTA或全脑DSA检查,测定血管狭笮程度,同时测定学同型半胱氨酸浓度,分析其中关系。结果颈动脉狭窄组Hcy水平均高于非狭窄组,颈动脉轻度狭窄患者Hcy水平低于中度和重度狭窄患者,颈动脉中度狭窄Hcy水平低于重度狭窄Hcy水平(P0.05)。高同型半胱氨酸血症是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,HHcy水平反映了颈动脉狭窄程度。     

老年高血压并缺血性卒中患者同型半胱氨酸的表达及临床意义

目的探讨老年高血压并缺血性卒中患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的表达及临床意义。方法选取2012年3月至2014年5月老年高血压并发缺血性卒中患者48例为卒中组,其中首次发病28例,复发20例,另选同期单纯老年高血压患者48例为非卒中组,对所有患者血清Hcy及相关指标进行测定。结果卒中组患者Hcy水平高于非卒中组,维生素B12与叶酸水平低于非卒中组(P0.05);卒中患者中,复发者Hcy水平高于首次发病者,维生素B12与叶酸水平低于首次发病者(P0.05)。结论对于老年高血压患者,其Hcy表达与缺血性卒中相关,监测Hcy对高血压患者缺血性卒中的预防与治疗具有重要意义。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术后再发症状性脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)与颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术后再发症状性脑梗死的关系。方法选择120脑梗死患者,均行颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术,根据血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平分为HHcy组62例(血Hcy≥15μmol/L)和非HHcy组58例(血Hcy15μmol/L),并在术后给予抗血小板治疗。随访1.5年,比较2组脑梗死复发率和死亡率,分析影响脑梗死复发的危险因素。结果 HHcy组脑梗死复发率和死亡率均显著高于非HHcy组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,脑梗死复发与HHcy有显著相关性(P0.05,OR=1.112,95%CI为1.084~1.211)。结论高同型半胱氨酸血症可显著增加颅内动脉狭窄支架植入术后患者脑梗死再发的风险。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性卒中的关系探讨

目的：探讨高同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）血症与脑梗死的关系。方法：测定84例急性缺血性卒中患者与70例健康体检者血液同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平比较,并对脑卒中传统危险因素进行相关分析。结果：急性缺血性卒中组Hcy明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。病例组中Hcy水平与血压、血脂、血糖高低及脑梗死病灶的大小无明显相关性,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性卒中发生成正相关,是脑梗死发生的一个独立危险因素。     

伴高同型半胱氨酸血症的缺血性脑卒中患者的危险因素研究

目的:分析伴高同型半胱氨酸(HHcy)的缺血性卒中患者的危险因素。方法:缺血性卒中患者124例,分为HHcy组(Hcy>20μg/mL)与非HHcy组,记录及检测相关指标,进行Logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析表明,与非HHcy组相比,HHcy组纤维蛋白原、肌酐水平升高,叶酸、维生素B12水平降低(P<0.05);多因素分析表明,纤维蛋白原、肌酐、叶酸、维生素B12是影响伴HHcy血症的缺血性卒中患者的相关因素。结论:叶酸、维生素B12缺乏及纤维蛋白原、肌酐水平升高是伴HHcy血症的缺血性卒中患者的独立危险因素。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症对急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗效果的影响

[摘要]目的 探究高同型半胱氨酸血症对急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗效果的影响。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年5月于江西省樟树市人民医院就诊的60例急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象,依据同型半胱氨酸血浓度分为HHcy组（30例）与非HHcy组（30例）。两组均给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗。比较两组临床疗效、溶栓前后NIHSS评分、MRS评分改善情况。结果 溶栓后,非HHcy组治疗总有效率为86.67%（26/30）,高于HHcy组的53.33%（16/30）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 溶栓前,两组NIHSS评分对比,无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而溶栓后12h、48h及7d,非HHcy组NIHSS评分低于HHcy组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。溶栓后,非HHcy组MRS评分改善人数百分比高于HHcy组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 高同型半胱氨酸血症与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓的有效性密切相关,静脉溶栓时,非HHcy患者的治疗效果优于HHcy患者,对于AIS患者,应及时检测和控制血浆Hcy浓度,以提高治疗效果和预后。     

血浆NO水平与高同型半胱氨酸中毒患者颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系

目的探讨血浆一氧化氮(NO)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与高同型半胱氨酸中毒(HHcy)患者颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系。方法选取含有颈动脉斑块HHcy患者163例,根据颈动脉超声结果分为稳定斑块组和不稳定斑块组。观察2组患者血浆NO和Hcy水平。结果不稳定斑块组Hcy水平(24.92±2.01)mol/L显著高于稳定斑块组(18.14±2.98)mol/L(P=0.021);而不稳定斑块组血浆NO水平(45.19±8.59)μmol/L显著低于稳定斑块组(58.24±6.54)μmol/L(P=0.002)。相关分析显示,HHcy患者Hcy水平与颈动脉斑块不稳定性呈正相关(回归系数为0.071;P=0.006),血浆NO水平与颈动脉斑块不稳定性呈负相关(回归系数为-0.014;P=0.001)。结论 HHcy患者中,血浆Hcy升高可增加发生不稳定性颈动脉斑块风险,可能与Hcy所导致的NO水平减少有密切关系。     

缺血性脑卒中后血管性认知功能障碍患者相关因素分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中后血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)发生的相关因素。方法收集2011年6月至2014年6月入住我院的208例缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,其中并发VCI患者82例,非VCI(NVCI)患者126例。分别采用Pearson单因素与多元Logistic回归分析的方法对缺血性脑卒中后并发VCI的相关因素加以确定。结果 (1)经Pearson单因素分析,VCI组与NVCI组在高血压、房颤、血脂异常、NIHSS评分、高糖化血红蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白及关键部位病灶差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);(2)经多元Logistic回归分析,影响缺血性脑卒中后VCI的相关因素包括:高糖化血红蛋白(β=1.928,SE=0.382,Wald=6.928,P<0.05,OR值=2.559,95%CI为1.544~5.782)、高血压(β=2.024,SE=0.195,Wald=7.125,P<0.01,OR值=2.135,95%CI为1.672~3.225)、高同型半胱氨酸(β=2.359,SE=0.297,Wald=8.567,P<0.01,OR值=2.687,95%CI为1.938~4.253)、关键部位病灶(β=2.346,SE=0.597,Wald=7.259,P<0.05,OR值=2.187,95%CI为1.692~3.876)及高超敏C反应蛋白(β=1.856,SE=0.118,Wald=5.358,P<0.05,OR值=2.102,95%CI为1.432~3.870)。结论 影响缺血性脑卒中后并发VCI的因素较多,应对这些危险因素进行早期干预,降低缺血性脑卒中后VCI的发病率。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.