急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后不同部位出血转化的影响因素

目的分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后不同部位出血转化的影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院于2010-03—2013-09接受静脉溶栓治疗的300例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,按溶栓治疗后2个疗程内行头颅CT检查,根据脑内有无出血性转化分为HT组及无HT组,根据出血部位的不同HT组分为深部位HT组和浅部位HT组。采用单因素和Logistic回归多因素分析静脉溶栓治疗后出血性转化的危险因素。结果经Logistic回归单因素分析可知,发病到治疗时间/既往糖尿病史、梗死面积大小、TOAST分型、入院时GCS评分与入院时NIHSS评分等均是影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓治疗后出血转化的影响因素;经Logistic回归多因素分析可知,入院时NIHSS评分是影响深部位缺血性脑卒中患者出血转化的最危险因素,其次是既往糖尿病史、心源性栓塞型等,入院时GCS评分影响最小;既往糖尿病史是影响浅部位缺血性脑卒中患着出血转化的最危险因素,其次是入院时NIHSS评分、心源性栓塞型等,入院时GCS评分影响最小。结论既往糖尿病史、入院时NIHSS评分、心源性栓塞型等均是影响深部位和浅部位缺血性脑卒中患着出血转化的独立性因素,为临床诊断治疗提供参考依据。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的研究

目的探讨发病6 h内静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年8月该科收治的151例发病6 h内进行静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,以溶栓后24 h内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)较前增加≥4分作为END标准将患者分为恶化组与非恶化组,应用多因素logistic回归分析溶栓后END的危险因素。结果 151例患者中恶化组26例,非恶化组125例。恶化组患者的年龄、NIHSS评分、房颤患病率高于非恶化组(P 0.05);发病到静脉溶栓时间(OTT)低于非恶化组(P 0.05);两组患者的TOAST分型比较,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,NIHSS评分(OR=1.124,95%CI=1.007～1.254)、房颤(OR=6.425,95%CI=1.230～33.561)、收缩压(OR=1.031,95%CI=1.001～1.063)、冠心病(OR=0.072,95%CI=0.006～0.904)与溶栓后END显著相关(P 0.05)。结论高NIHSS评分、房颤及高收缩压患者静脉溶栓后发生END风险大。     

血清25-羟基维生素D水平与急性缺血性脑卒中严重程度的分析

目的探讨血清25-羟基维生素D(25-Hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D)水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者病情严重程度的关系。方法连续收集2015-05—2015-11于中国医科大学附属盛京医院神经内科住院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者169例,记录人口学特征、危险因素,测定血清25(OH)D水平,入院时完善NIHSS评分。结果轻型脑卒中组(NIHSS评分5分)116例,重型脑卒中组(NIHSS评分≥5分)53例,2组患者血清25(OH)D水平、脑血管病史、空腹血糖、舒张压单因素分析后有明显差异(P0.05),多因素分析显示血清25(OH)D水平是缺血性脑卒中严重程度(NIHSS)独立预测因子且为缺血性脑卒中的保护性因素(OR值=0.908,95%CI:0.859~0.96,P0.01);空腹血糖是缺血性脑卒中严重程度独立预测因子且为缺血性脑卒中的危险因素(OR值=1.213,95%CI:1.019~1.444,P0.05);舒张压是缺血性脑卒中严重程度独立预测因子且为缺血性脑卒中的危险因素(OR值=1.037,95%CI:1.005~1.069,P0.05)。结论血清25(OH)D、空腹血糖、舒张压是急性缺血性脑卒中严重程度的独立预测因子,且25(OH)D是保护性因素,空腹血糖和舒张压是危险因素。     

血清D-二聚体与急性缺血性脑卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能改善及预后的关系

目的分析经重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)治疗后的急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清D-二聚体水平与神经功能改善及预后的关系。方法选取2016-01-2018-10泰州市人民医院收治的114例AIS患者,根据rt-PA治疗5 d后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较溶栓前的差值(ΔNIHSS)分为神经功能改善良好组(ΔNIHSS≥4分)和神经功能改善不良组(ΔNIHSS4分),比较2组基础信息、血液生化指标、血压和入院时NIHSS评分等。记录rt-PA治疗后预后不良率,对单因素分析筛选出来可能影响患者早期神经功能改善的因素进一步进行Logistic回归分析,分析血清D-二聚体水平与预后不良的关系。结果 89例患者被归为神经功能改善良好组,25例患者被归为神经功能改善不良组,2组糖尿病患病率、年龄、入院时NIHSS得分、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄较大、入院NIHSS评分较高和D-二聚体水平高是神经功能改善的危险因素(P0.05)。治疗90 d后预后不良者为15例,预后良好者99例,后者的D-二聚体显著低于前者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论年龄较大、入院NIHSS评分较高和D-二聚体水平高是rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后神经功能改善的危险因素,血清D-二聚体水平可能可以作为预测AIS患者预后的一个重要参考指标。     

银杏二萜内酯葡胺治疗动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死临床观察

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性急性脑梗死患者血清胆红素水平的变化及银杏二萜内酯葡胺(diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection,DGMI)的疗效。方法选取2015-05—2017-05入住南通大学第二附属医院神经内科的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者220例,随机分为治疗组107例和对照组113例,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用DGMI。治疗前及治疗后14d应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评估神经功能缺损状况,Barthel指数(BI)评定量表评估日常生活能力,并于治疗前及治疗后14d检测血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素水平,记录治疗过程中的不良反应。结果治疗组治疗14d后NIHSS评分及BI明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组治疗14d后NIHSS评分、BI均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组治疗14d后血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素水平均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组治疗14d后血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清胆红素水平在脑梗死的急性期发挥重要作用。银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液可能通过上调动脉粥样硬化性急性脑梗死患者血清胆红素水平,从而改善脑梗死患者的预后。     

HAT、SEDAN评分及相关脑血管病危险因素预测急性缺血性卒中溶栓后出血性转化临床研究

目的探讨溶栓后出血评分(HAT)、症状性溶栓出血危险因素评分(SEDAN)和相关危险因素预测急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后出血性转化的临床应用价值。方法共143例发病4.50 h内行rt-PA静脉溶栓且临床资料完整的急性缺血性卒中患者,根据溶栓治疗后头部CT所示分为出血性转化组(18例)和非出血性转化组(125例),二分类Logistic回归分析筛选静脉溶栓后发生出血性转化的危险因素、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价HAT和SEDAN评分预测出血性转化的敏感性和特异性。结果单因素Logistic回归分析显示,心房颤动、入院时收缩压和血糖水平、发病早期CT呈低密度征象、溶栓时间窗、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、HAT和SEDAN评分均为静脉溶栓后出血性转化危险因素(P0.05);代入二分类Logistic回归方程后,除发病早期CT呈低密度征象,其余各项均为静脉溶栓后发生出血性转化之危险因素。ROC曲线显示,HAT评分预测出血性转化灵敏度为94.40%、特异度为41.60%、曲线下面积0.70,SEDAN评分则为94.40%、65.62%和0.77。结论心房颤动、入院时收缩压和血糖水平、溶栓时间窗、NIHSS评分、HAT和SEDAN评分均为缺血性卒中静脉溶栓后发生出血性转化的危险因素,但以SEDAN评分预测价值较高。     

低钾血症和低钠血症对急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓患者短期预后的影响

目的研究低钾血症和低钠血症对急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓患者短期预后的影响。方法选取2018年11月～2019年5月于抚顺市中心医院收治的住院并且接受静脉溶栓治疗的患者共108例,其中急性缺血性脑卒中患者(45例),急性缺血性脑卒中伴低钠血症患者(36例),急性缺血性脑卒中伴低钾血症(27例),比较三组患者溶栓前,溶栓后24 h、3d的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,溶栓后14 d改良Rankin量表(mRs)评分及出血转化率是否有差异。再将低钾血症组分为A组(轻度低钾)、B组(中度低钾)、C组(重度低钾),低钠血症组分为a组(轻度低钠)、b组(中度低钠)、c组(重度低钠),分别比较各组间溶栓前,溶栓后24 h、3d的NIHSS评分,溶栓后14 d mRs评分是否有差异。结果三组患者溶栓前NIHSS评分不存在显著差异(P>0.05),三组患者溶栓后24 h、3d的NIHSS评分及14 d后mRs评分均有所下降,其中伴有低钠血症的溶栓患者下降幅度不如其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血转化率三组不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。A、B、C三组在溶栓前,溶栓后24 h,3d的NIHSS评分,溶栓后14 d mRs评分上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。a、b、c三组比较,溶栓后24 h、3d的NIHSS评分,溶栓后14 d mRs评分差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低钠血症对急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓患者短期预后存在不良影响,且血钠浓度越低,影响越大。     

急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后的影响因素分析

目的研究急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后的影响因素。方法选择96例接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,观察年龄、性别、体质量、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、溶栓前收缩压、溶栓前血糖、起病-溶栓时间、溶栓前NIHSS评分等指标与预后的关系。结果预后不良组与预后良好组年龄、性别、体质量、高血压史、吸烟史无显著差异(P0.05)。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组糖尿病史比例更高,溶栓前收缩压更高,溶栓前血糖更高,起病-溶栓时间更长,溶栓前NIHSS评分更高(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析示,糖尿病史(OR=4,P=0.032)、溶栓前收缩压(OR=11,P=0.001)、溶栓前血糖(OR=10,P=0.028)、起病-溶栓时间(OR=1.01,P=0.013)、溶栓前NIHSS评分(OR=1.28,P=0.001)与溶栓预后不良显著相关。结论糖尿病史、溶栓前收缩压、溶栓前血糖、起病-溶栓时间、溶栓前NIHSS评分与预后不良密切相关,是预后不良的独立危险因素。     

血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者病情及预后的关系

目的探讨血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者病情及预后的关系。方法收集120例急性缺血性脑卒中者和92例健康体检者的一般资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清LpPLA2水平,于患者入院时采用NIHSS量表评估病情严重程度,于患者出院后3个月采用mRS量表评估预后,分析血清Lp-PLA2水平与患者病情严重程度的相关性,并分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果急性缺血性脑卒中组患者的高血压比例、血清Lp-PLA2水平明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。120例急性缺血性脑卒中患者中轻度47例、中度38例、重度35例,3组患者的血清Lp-PLA2水平相比差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,血清Lp-PLA2水平与患者NIHSS评分呈正相关(P 0. 05)。120例急性缺血性脑卒中患者中预后良好81例、预后不良39例,预后不良组患者的年龄显著大于预后良好组(P 0. 05)、发病至入院时间显著长于预后良好组(P 0. 05),血清Lp-PLA2水平显著高于预后良好组(P 0. 05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、Lp-PLA2是急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的危险因素(P 0. 05)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清Lp-PLA2水平越高,则患者的病情严重程度越重,Lp-PLA2是急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的危险因素。     

缺血性脑卒中患者早期神经功能恶化相关危险因素分析

目的探讨导致缺血性脑卒中患者出现早期神经功能恶化的相关危险因素。方法选择我院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者134例,按照是否发生END分为END组46例和对照组88例,对2组性别、年龄、发病至就诊时间、体质量、吸烟史、饮酒史、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、冠心病、心房颤动、粥样硬化斑块、颈动脉狭窄等病史,白细胞计数、血糖、C反应蛋白、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体等指标以及NIHSS评分等危险因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 134例缺血性脑卒中患者中共46例患者出现END;单因素回归分析发现糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、心房颤动等病史,颈动脉狭窄程度、粥样硬化斑块稳定程度、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白含量、D-二聚体含量、凝血酶原时间以及NIHSS评分等显著相关(P0.05);而多因素回归分析后得到糖尿病、高血压、心房颤动病史、颈动脉狭窄超过50%、NIHSS高评分是导致缺血性脑卒中患者出现END的相关危险因素(P0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中患者出现END会增加患者死亡的风险,且预后较差,因此应该积极地对糖尿病、高血压、心房颤动病史、颈动脉狭窄超过50%、NIHSS高评分等END的相关危险因素进行干预,帮助患者改善预后。     

Satisfaction with quality of life varies with temperament types of patients with schizophrenia

We sought to explore the relationships of three temperament factors with domain-specific subjective quality of life (QOL) of patients with schizophrenia. Ninety patients with schizophrenia were evaluated using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale, the Distress Scale for Adverse Symptoms, the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire, the Insight Self-Report Scale, and standardized questionnaires for self-reported emotional distress and stress process-related variables. Predictors of domain-specific QOL were identified using multiple regression techniques. Temperament factors explain 6% to 16% of variability in QOL domain scores among patients with schizophrenia after controlling for the remaining variables (emotional distress, social support, self-esteem, avoidance coping, age, side effects, and depression). We found that higher levels of novelty seeking are associated with better general QOL, physical health, and more positive subjective feelings, whereas higher levels of reward dependence are related to better satisfaction from social relationships. Higher levels of harm avoidance are associated with poorer satisfaction with general activities, and medication. Thus, temperament factors, as assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, substantially influence satisfaction with life quality in schizophrenia. Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and harm avoidance are associated with different domains of QOL.     

Compliance with health regimens of adolescents with epilepsy

The purpose of this paper was to describe the compliance of adolescents with epilepsy and some factors connected to it. Altogether 300 individuals with epilepsy aged 13-17 years were randomly selected from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's register. Every fifth person on the list was included in the sample. Seventy-seven per cent (n= 232) of the selected adolescents with epilepsy returned a questionnaire sent to them relating to compliance. The data were analysed using the SPSS software. Twenty-two per cent of the adolescents with epilepsy felt that they complied fully with their suggested health regimens, while 44% placed themselves in the category of "satisfactory compliance", and the remaining 34% reported poor compliance. Compliance with their recommended life-style was poorest, while the highest degree of compliance was recorded for medication. Background variables, such as the duration of the disease, exercise, smoking, alcohol-intake and the number of seizures, were statistically significantly related to compliance (P< 0.001). Good motivation, a strong sense of normality, experience of results, subjective outcome, energy and will-power, support from parents, physicians and nurses, and a positive attitude towards to the disease and its treatment, no threat to social and emotional well-being and no fears of complications and no fear of seizures explained good compliance (P< 0.001).     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。     

Treatment of patients with tardive dystonia with olanzapine

Tardive dystonia represents a complication of long-term use of neuroleptics and its treatment is often unsatisfactory. Atypical neuroleptics appear to improve tardive dystonia, and cases of tardive dystonia successfully managed with clozapine have been reported. The aim of this open-label video-blinded study was to evaluate the antidystonic efficacy of olanzapine, a new atypical neuroleptic with a low risk of agranulocytosis, in a group of four patients (one man and three women) with tardive cervical dystonia. They developed severe dystonia after several years of neuroleptic treatment. Extensive laboratory evaluations, as well as neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic investigations, were negative. Olanzapine was started at a dose of 5 mg/d and increased up to 7.5 mg/d. All patients were evaluated at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, and videotaped. At the end of the trial, the videotapes were reviewed and scored by a blind observer. A self-rating visual analog scale completed the disability evaluation.A moderate to marked improvement in dystonia was observed in all patients, and significant differences were observed in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale scores and videotape ratings after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment compared with the basal values (p < 0.05). The average percentage of improvement in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale score and visual analog scale was 26.4% and 42.6%, respectively. No serious side effects were reported at the maximum dosage reached (7.5 mg/d). This study warrants a larger controlled study to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of olanzapine in tardive dystonia.