急性心肌梗死与再灌注后血浆肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素-6的变化

目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）再灌注治疗患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF－α）、白细胞介素－6（IL－6）浓度的动态变化评价其意义，方法：对发病6h内AMI患者48例进行溶栓治疗。测定患者溶栓前、溶栓后0．5、1、2、4、12、48h及1周血浆TNF－α、IL－6浓度。结果：36例再通，12例未通。溶栓前TNF－α、IL－6浓度都升高。溶栓后未通组TNF－α、IL－6均于48h达高峰。峰值都大于再通组。再通组TNF－α高峰不明显。IL－6于12h达峰后回落。结论：AMI患者血浆TNF－α、IL－6动态变化反映AMI炎性反应。再灌注挽救心肌而减轻的炎症足以抵消再灌注损伤。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗血浆GMP-140的动态变化及临床意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者尿激酶溶栓治疗前后血小板活性的动态变化及其与血管早期再通的关系。方法：接受尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的38例AMI患者在溶栓前及溶栓后2h、6h、12h、24h分别取血测定血浆中α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140），依溶栓前临床间接指标及溶栓后90min冠状动脉造影结果，将患者分为再通组（27例）和未通组（11例），比较两组患者血中GMP-140的动态变化，并设正常对照组。结果：AMI患者溶栓前血浆GMP-140浓度明显高于正常对照组。溶栓后再通组与未通纷呈不同浓度的动态变化，溶栓未通组，GMP-140升高；溶栓再通组，则GMP-140降低，两组溶栓后6h、12h、24h血浆GMP－140浓度差异显著（P＜0．001）。结论：AMI后血小板高度活化，血浆GMP-140与AMI的血栓形成、溶解及再通密切相关，其在溶栓后的迅速下降可望作为临床判断血管再通的新指标。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗LPO和SOD的动态变化及临床意义

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者尿激酶静脉溶栓前后氧自由基 (OFR)浓度的动态变化及其与再灌注损伤的关系。方法 :接受尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的 38例AMI患者在溶栓前及溶栓后 2、 6、 12、 2 4h分别取血测定血清中脂质过氧化物 (LPO)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD) ,依间接指标及溶栓后 90min冠状动脉造影结果 ,将患者分为再通组 ( 2 7例 )和未通组( 11例 ) ,比较两组患者血中上述指标的动态变化 ,并设正常对照组。结果 :AMI患者溶栓前血清LPO、SOD浓度均明显高于对照组 ,溶栓后再通组LPO浓度较溶栓前明显升高 ,SOD则于溶栓早期显著降低 ,6h后逐渐回升至溶栓前水平 ,未通组于溶栓前后无明显变化。结论 :AMI后OFR活性增高 ,早期溶栓再灌注加剧OFR代谢紊乱并导致心肌再灌注损伤 ,溶栓后LPO的异常增高可望成为临床判断血管再通的新指标     

心肌肌钙蛋白I在急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗中的临床意义

目的观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)溶栓后血管再通和未通者与未溶栓者血清肌钙蛋白的动态变化。方法定量测定 93例 AMI患者的心肌肌钙蛋白 I(c Tn I) ,以 >10 0 ng/ L作为阳性判定值。结果溶栓再通者 c Tn I峰值较未通组与未溶栓组显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且峰值增大 ,峰值时间提前 8小时 ,再通组 c Tn I恢复正常时间平均为 (13 0± 3 8)小时 ,较未通者提前 60小时。结论溶栓后动态测定血清c Tn I浓度、峰值时间 ,可作为判断溶栓成功的指标之一。     

白介素8在冠心病急性心肌梗死患者中的变化及临床意义

目的 :本实验通过对冠心病急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者及AMI溶栓治疗前后白细胞介素 8(IL 8)变化的研究 ,为AMI的早期诊断及溶栓治疗提供可供参考的依据。方法 :AMI患者 ,依据治疗情况分为 :(1)溶栓组 ,于溶栓即刻、溶栓后 2、 4、 6、 8、 10、 12h测定血清中IL 8浓度 ,并依据溶栓结果分为 :溶栓再通组 (A组 )、溶栓未通组 (B组 )。 (2 )未溶栓组 ,于症状出现后 2、 4、 6、 8、 10、 12、 14h测定血清中IL 8浓度。IL 8浓度应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定。同时测定血清心肌酶CK MB的浓度。结果 :(1)IL 8在AMI患者症状出现后4 47± 1 5 0h升高 ,水平明显高于正常对照组 ,时间早于CK MB升高的时间 (P <0 0 1) ,并可在 9 6 9± 3 5 4h时达到高峰 ;(2 )A组IL 8浓度在溶栓后 4、 6、 8h显著高于B组 (P <0 0 1、P<0 0 1、P <0 0 5 ) ,B组IL 8浓度与未溶栓组之间无显著区别。 (3)正常对照组IL 8浓度 <10pg/ml。结论 :(1)AMI患者血清中很早即可测得IL 8浓度 ,水平明显高于正常对照组 ,时间早于CK MB升高的时间 ,故认为IL 8可作为AMI早期诊断的参考指标之一 ;(2 )溶栓再通组可于溶栓后 4、 6、 8h检测到明显升高的IL 8浓度 ,故认为IL 8可以作为判定AMI溶栓治疗是否再通的指标之一     

急性心肌梗死再灌注损伤的临床观察及意义

目的：观察急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗过程中再灌注损伤的心电图及心肌酶（CK、CK－MB）的变化,从而进一步探讨心肌再灌注损伤的临床意义,方法：对27例急性心肌梗死发病时间在12h以内的患者给予链激酶150万U/h溶栓治疗,每30min行心电图检查,每2h查心肌酶,并严密观察患者的临床表现,结果：21世纪患者于溶栓治疗后2h出现胸痛减轻和各种心律失常,CK－MB峰值出现于8h;4例患者在4h出现胸痛减轻及各种心律失常,CK－MB峰值出现于12h;2例患者则于6h后仍无任何改变,为溶栓治疗无效者,结论：AMI溶栓治疗后发生再灌注性心律失常,结合CK－MB的变化和临床表现,可作为判断冠状动脉再通及必要的药物治疗的重要参照指标。     

不同戒烟时间与正在吸烟AMI患者溶栓再通前后炎症因子表达的差异

目的：探讨不同戒烟时间AMI和正在吸烟AMI患者溶栓再通前、后IL-1、TNF—α和IL-10表达的差异。方法：AMI患者80例,根据患者吸烟状态将患者分为不吸烟AMI组、吸烟〈5年AMI组、戒烟≤5年AMI组和戒烟〉5年AMI组,每组均20例．采用重组链激酶静脉溶栓,分别于溶栓治疗前、溶栓治疗再通后12h和24h采集静脉血,观察IL-1、IL-10和TNF-α的变化。结果：各组IL-1、TNF—Q和IL-10溶栓治疗前后在不同时间点的变化均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。吸烟〈5年AMI组和戒烟≤5年AMI组溶栓治疗后,随时间延长,3种炎症因子逐渐升高,但不吸烟组和戒烟〉5年组溶栓后12h和24hIL-1、TNF—α和IL-10的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。溶栓治疗前、溶栓后12h和溶栓后24h,3种炎症因子表达水平吸烟〈5年AMI组和戒烟〉5年AMI组均高于不吸烟组,吸烟〈5年AMI组高于戒烟〉5年AMI组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）;但不吸烟AMI组和和戒烟〉5年AMI组,吸烟〈5年AMI组和戒烟≤5年AMI组的差异无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：吸烟可上调AMI患者溶栓再通后炎症因子的表达,加重和延长缺血再灌注损伤,损伤时间可达24h,戒烟〉5年可下调3种炎症因子的表达,减轻缺血再灌注损伤。     

动态观察心肌梗死溶栓后细胞因子变化的意义

目的　探讨心肌梗死病人溶栓后血清细胞因子的变化。方法　 6 0例急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病人溶栓治疗。于发病后 2d～ 6个月进行超声心动仪测定LVRM发生情况。健康对照组 6 0例。测定血清白细胞介素 8(IL - 8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF -α)。结果　 6 0例AMI病人LVRM总发生率 48 3%。溶栓再通组LVRM发生率显著低于非再通组 (P <0 0 5 )。IL - 8和TNF -α显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。IL - 8溶栓后 9 6h达到高峰 ,13 5h迅速下降 ;TNF -α于溶栓后 11 9h达高峰 ,2 4 4h后迅速下降。LVRM组IL - 8和TNF -α再度升高。结论　IL - 8和TNF -α参与心肌缺血再灌注损伤过程。冠脉再通可明显降低IL - 8和TNF -α的水平和减少LVRM的发生。IL - 8和TNF -α水平再度增高是LVRM发生的一个标志。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗对血浆C—反应蛋白（CRP）水平的影响

目的：研究溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血浆C－反应蛋白（CRP）水平的影响,方法：42例确诊的AMI患者,经静脉溶栓或一般治疗,测定入院时即刻和胸痛发作后2,4,6,10,14,24小时及第2至第9天的血浆CRP,CK－MB浓度。结果：（1）AMI患者血浆CRP与CK－MB水平呈正相关,（2）溶栓治疗成功者血浆CRP峰值水平明显下降（P＜0．05）。结论：溶栓治疗可明显降低AMI患者血浆CRP水平,这种降低可能与溶栓治疗减轻了急性炎症反应有关。     

急性心肌梗死患者血浆GMP-140的动态变化及临床意义

血小板功能异常与急性心肌梗死(AMI)的血栓形成密切相关、早期溶栓后有部分患者血管不能再通及再通后发生再闭塞,与血小板持续激活有关[1].本文采用以125Ⅰ标记的特异性单克隆抗体测定了38例AMI患者口服阿司匹林及尿激酶静脉溶栓前后血浆α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)浓度,探讨了AMI溶栓及抗血小板治疗GMP-140的动态变化及临床意义.……     

Plasma iron status and lipid peroxidation following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction

Summary— Free radical species have been implicated as important agents involved in myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injuries. Superoxide is capable of mobilizing iron from ferritin and the released iron can cause hydroxyl formation from H₂O₂. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation assessed by plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the relationship between lipid-peroxidation and the iron status. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from 17 men with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) before thrombolytic treatment (T0***) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 48 hours after commencing fibrinolytic treatment. The concentration of TBARS, the parameters of iron metabolism, serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB were measured. Early reperfusion was judged by regression of sinus tachycardia (ST) elevation and reduction of chest pain. Recanalization of coronary artery was evaluated by a late coronary angiography 24–96 hours after thrombolysis. After thrombolytic therapy, the TBARS level was raised from 2.98 ± 0.80 (T0***) to 4.57 ± 1.24 (peak), and decreased to 2.96 ± 0.40 nmol/mL plasma at T48 (T0 vs peak: P < 0.001, peak vs T48: P < 0.001, TO vs T48: NS). The mean time of the peak was observed at 9.7 ± 7.5 hours. The iron increased significantly from 0.67 ± 0.34 (T0) to 1.15 ± 0.52 mg/L (peak), and returned to the pre-reperfusion to levels: 0.53 ± 0.28 UI/L at T48 (T0 vs peak: P < 0.001, peak vs T48: P < 0.001, TO vs T48: NS). The mean time of the peak was observed at 9.4 ± 7.3 hours. In return, no correlation was found between the increase of plasma creatine-kinase activity, myoglobin and iron or between the biochemical markers and time of fibrinolytic therapy. The results confirmed the importance of the temporal relationship between lipid peroxidation and iron status after thrombolytic therapy. Our results are in agreement with the concept that antioxidant agents used in association with thrombolytic therapy might be useful.     

急性心肌梗死患者溶栓前后QT离散度的变化

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者溶栓前后QT离散度(QTdispersion,QTd)的变化及早期再灌注对QTd的影响。方法:对61例AMI患者给予尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗,予溶栓前及溶栓2h后同步记录18导联心电图,分别测量成功组及失败组的QTd,并进行前后比较。结果:溶栓后再通41例,溶栓后未通20例。血管未通组其QTd较前减少,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),溶栓后再通组其QTd较血管未通组降低程度更大,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:QTd可作为评价AMI患者溶栓后判断溶栓成功与否的一项临床早期参考指标。     

急性心肌梗死患者血清肌红蛋白水平在早期冠脉再灌流中的意义

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死患者尿激酶溶栓治疗过程中血清肌红蛋白 (Mb)的变化 ,判断其是否可以作为早期、非侵入性判断冠脉再灌流的指标。方法　对 2 2例尿激酶溶栓治疗和2 2例保守治疗的AMI患者治疗前后的 1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、14h、15h、18h和 2 4h的血清Mb进行测定 ,同时测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB) ,比较再灌流组和未再灌流组血清Mb的峰浓度和达峰时间 ,并同CK MB进行比较。结果　再灌流组血清Mb和CK MB的峰浓度分别为 6 19 5 9±198 5 5ng/ml和 15 7 10± 36 19u/L ,均显著高于未再灌流组 (487 31± 6 0 87ng/ml和 141 80± 2 2 18u/L) ;再灌流组较未再灌流组血清Mb达峰时间明显提前 (192min对 480min ,P <0 0 1) ,再灌流组血清Mb达峰时间显著早于血清CK MB达峰时间 (192min对 72 0min ,P <0 0 1) ,而且Mb的 2h出现率 (Mb2 /Mb0 )较未再灌流组也显著增高 (4 2 4对 2 12 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　血清Mb值早期上升、快速达峰是一种可靠、简便的非侵入性判断AMI再灌流治疗成功与否的指标。     

床旁超声心动图对急性心肌梗死后左室舒张功能的评价

目的　应用床旁超声心动图动态观察心肌梗死急性期左室舒张功能 (LVDF)的变化 ,评价溶栓治疗对其的影响。方法　对 61例首发急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者行系列床旁超声心动图检查。检测指标包括 :舒张早晚期最大充盈速率比值 (VE/VA)及其时间流速积分比值 (ETVI/ATVI)和等容舒张时间 (IVRT )。结果　AMI患者IVRT均延长 ,前壁心肌梗死溶栓组和下壁心肌梗死组VE/VA下降 ,前壁心肌梗死未溶栓组VE/VA正常。溶栓再通组第 3dIVRT、ETVI/ATVI明显改善 ,第 7d、3周末持续改善。溶栓未通组、未溶栓组各指标无显著变化。前壁溶栓再通组与溶栓未通组及未溶栓组同期比较IVRT有显著性差异。结论　AMI患者急性期LVDF减退 ,溶栓再通后LVDF明显改善 ,但存在舒张顿抑。床旁超声心动图评价AMI后LVDF的变化有良好的临床应用价值。     

Reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction

During the past decade, the general acceptance of the primary role of thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has led to intense interest in the potential efficacy of reperfusion therapy, particularly thrombolytic therapy, in AMI. Accumulating evidence indicates that systemic thrombolytic therapy administered early after the onset of symptoms of AMI can restore infarct-related artery patency, salvage myocardium, and reduce mortality. Recommendations about the proper use of thrombolytic therapy, contraindications, and concomitant therapies (such as aspirin, heparin, nitrates, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and calcium channel blockers) are reviewed. Although percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is useful for subsets of patients with AMI (for example, patients with anterior infarctions with persistent occlusion of the infarct-related artery after thrombolytic therapy and those with cardiogenic shock), a conservative strategy, including angiography and PTCA only for postinfarction ischemia, is indicated for most patients with AMI in whom initial thrombolytic therapy is apparently successful. The use of PTCA after failed thrombolysis or as direct therapy for AMI seems promising, although further comparisons of PTCA and intravenous thrombolytic therapy are needed. Ongoing studies should help further define the risk-to-benefit ratio of various reperfusion strategies in different subsets of patients, define time limitations for reperfusion therapy, and provide data on therapeutic modalities that will limit reperfusion injury and therefore enhance salvage of myocardium.     

用心肌钙蛋白T判断急性心肌梗塞溶栓疗效的观察

目的动态观察急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者溶栓治疗后肌酸激酶（CK）,肌酸激酶MB同功酶（CK－MB）活性及心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）浓度变化规律,探讨cTnT对判断冠脉再通的临床价值。方法选择AMI并接受溶栓治疗患者37例,将其分为再灌注组与未再灌注组,于溶栓前和发病后间隔一定时间分别采血。同时检测CK、CK－MB、cTnT,并绘制曲线加以分析比较。结果再灌注组CK、CK－MB、cTnT峰值出现时间提前,与未再灌注组之间有显著性差异。AMI发病12小时（h）以内再灌注组的CK、CK－MB、cTnT浓度分别大于未再灌注组,尤以发病后10h,12h为著。cTnT峰值浓度的升高明显高于CK、CK－MB者。结论动态观察cTnT浓度曲线变化显示与CK、CK－MB浓度曲线变化相似,且更特异、更灵敏,可作为判断溶栓再灌注的又一重要参考指标。     

Impact of Community Intervention to Reduce Patient Delay Time on Use of Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) Trial

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a time-dependent intervention that can reduce infarct-related morbidity and mortality. Out-of-hospital patient delay from symptom onset until emergency department (ED) presentation may reduce the expected benefit of reperfusion therapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a community educational intervention to reduce patient delay time on the use of reperfusion therapy for AMI. METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled community-based trial to enhance patient recognition of AMI symptoms and encourage early ED presentation with resultant increased reperfusion therapy rates for AMI. The study took place in 44 hospitals in 20 pair-matched communities in five U.S. geographic regions. Eligible study subjects were non-institutionalized patients without chest injury (aged > or =30 years) who were admitted to participating hospitals and who received a hospital discharge diagnosis of AMI (ICD 410); n = 4,885. For outcome assessment, patients were excluded if they were without survival data (n = 402), enrolled in thrombolytic trials (n = 61), receiving reperfusion therapy >12 hours after ED arrival (n = 628), or missing symptom onset or reperfusion times (n = 781). The applied intervention was an educational program targeting community organizations and the general public, high-risk patients, and health professionals in target communities. The primary outcome was a change in the proportion of AMI patients receiving early reperfusion therapy (i.e., within one hour of ED arrival or within six hours of symptom onset). Trends in reperfusion therapy rates were determined after adjustment for patient demographics, presenting blood pressure, cardiac history, and insurance status. Four-month baseline was compared with the 18-month intervention period. RESULTS: Of 3,013 selected AMI patients, 40% received reperfusion therapy. Eighteen percent received therapy within one hour of ED arrival (46% of treated patients), and 32% within six hours of symptom onset (80% of treated patients). No significant difference in the trends in reperfusion therapy rates was attributable to the intervention, although increases in early reperfusion therapy rates were noted during the first six months of the intervention. A significant association of early reperfusion therapy use with ambulance use was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Community-wide educational efforts to enhance patient response to AMI symptoms may not translate into sustained changes in reperfusion practices. However, an increased odds for early reperfusion therapy use during the initiation of the intervention and the association of early therapy with ambulance use suggest that reperfusion therapy rates can be enhanced.