胚胎发育中的编程性细胞死亡与先天畸形

细胞死亡为发育生物学的重要方面 ,发育性细胞死亡通常是程序化的 ,即在特定的时间和部位发生控制性细胞死亡即编程性细胞死亡 (PCD) ,又称为细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)。其形态特征主要表现为细胞收缩变小 ,细胞连接及质膜微绒毛丧失 ,胞膜鼓泡或出芽 ,胞浆浓缩 ,核染色质密度增高并呈颗粒状或半月形凝聚于核膜周边 ;进而细胞膜内陷 ,将胞浆和染色质等成分分割形成凋亡小体 ;最后凋亡小体被周围的上皮细胞、内皮细胞或单核 -巨噬细胞所吞噬、清除 ,或自然脱落离开生物体。在PCD过程中 ,不发生溶酶体、线粒体、细胞膜破裂及细胞内容物外漏 ,故…     

透射电镜观察p21HBHBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝癌细胞凋亡

目的 观察p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝癌细胞凋亡.方法 用透射电镜观察p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝癌细胞凋亡的形态学改变.结果 细胞凋亡早期,细胞核染色体发生边集,核形不规整,核膜表面凹凸;凋亡中期,核内染色质凝聚,趋边呈月牙状,核膜孔消失,核膜呈波纹状皱缩;凋亡晚期,核固缩,细胞膜出芽形成小泡,可见凋亡小体.结论 p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝癌细胞凋亡具有典型性病变特征,是研究HBV感染诱发肝癌发病机理的合适动物模型.     

国产新型光敏剂CDHS801光动力学杀伤膀胱癌机理的实验研究

目的研究光敏剂CDHSS01光动力学治疗膀胱癌机理。方法将膀胱癌T24细胞与CDHSS01共同孵育,采用激光共聚焦显微镜为成像工具,应用线粒体荧光探针MitoTracker RED CMXRose和MitoTracker Green FM进行CDHS801的亚细胞定位分析。MTT法检测光动力学治疗后存活率,激光共聚焦显微镜丫啶橙／溴化乙锭染色观察T24染色情况,电镜检测细胞超微结构的变化以及流式细胞仪判断细胞凋亡情况。结果激光共聚焦显微镜下,CDHSS01和线粒体荧光探针发出的荧光都位于细胞浆内,在核周呈点状散在分布。PDT后实验组细胞存活率明显降低,细胞膜完整性丧失被染成黄色,流式细胞仪PI染色在sub-G1期出现了凋亡峰,透射电镜下细胞染色质于核膜下浓聚边集形成新月体,细胞发生凋亡,对照组则没有这些表现。结论CDHSS01经膀胱癌T24细胞摄取后,分布在细胞浆内,主要在线粒体内,激光照射后膀胱癌细胞发生了凋亡。     

脑缺血再灌注损伤神经细胞凋亡的形态学特征

①目的 观察局灶性脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡的形态学特征。②方法 应用苏木精-伊红染色、甲基绿-派诺宁染色和透射电镜技术观察凋亡神经细胞的形态结构特征。③结果 苏木精-伊红染色：缺血半影区神经细胞数量减少，细胞核染色质凝聚，未见到典型的凋亡细胞。甲基绿-派诺宁染色：缺血半影区细胞数量减少，结构完整，可见到少数胞浆呈紫红色且胞核呈绿色的凋亡细胞。透射电镜：在缺血半影区，神经细胞细胞核固缩、染色质凝聚，胞膜完整、胞质减少，线粒体和内质网结构清晰，可见到不典型的凋亡小体。缺血中心区细胞核染色质溶解、核膜破坏，细胞浆线粒体和内质网等细胞器溶解，细胞轮廓不清。④结论 脑缺血再灌注缺血中心区神经细胞主要表现为坏死特征，缺血半影区主要表现为凋亡特征。     

宫颈癌细胞系Hela经光动力学处理后的形态学研究

目的通过对宫颈癌细胞系Hela经光动力疗法处理后的形态学观察,探讨光动力学治疗在宫颈癌治疗中的作用。方法以激光照射经光敏剂处理过的宫颈癌细胞系Hela后,用倒置显微镜、电子显微镜进行形态学观察。结果实验组细胞经光动力学处理后体积缩小,细胞变形、皱缩,细胞核浓缩、深染,染色质密集成斑块状,细胞间失去彼此连接,透射电镜下可见微绒毛消失,致密的染色质沿核膜下聚集,有凋亡小体形成。对照组无此现象。结论光动力学治疗对体外生长的宫颈癌细胞系Hela有杀伤作用。     

中医药对脑缺血凋亡相关基因表达的影响

1972年,Kerr等首次根据细胞的超微结构特征将细胞死亡形式分为凋亡和坏死.1980年,Wyllie首次诱导多细胞动物体外细胞发生凋亡.凋亡是指细胞主动死亡方式,与细胞坏死的区别在于发生凋亡的细胞周围无炎性反应.凋亡初期,细胞核内染色体凝缩并沿核膜形成月牙形团块,细胞质开始浓缩,但各种细胞器,如线粒体、内质网等均正常;中期,染色体进一步固缩成形态规则的数个紧密小球,细胞核裂解为碎片,每个碎片由基本完整的核膜包裹着染色体小球组成.细胞质浓缩,内质网解体,线粒体略有肿胀,细胞膜皱缩.末期,细胞通过"出芽"离散为数个"凋亡小体",每个小体中含有部分细胞质,残存细胞器和一定量的核碎片,并由细胞质膜紧紧包裹.细胞在凋亡过程中,细胞内的细胞器不发生裂解,细胞内容物亦不外漏,而是通过启动特定的基因,使原来完整的细胞膜向外皱缩形成凋亡小体,巨噬细胞或邻近的细胞吞噬这些凋亡小体进入体循环.     

电镜下几种凋亡细胞的形态特征

 目的 观察不同种类、不同原因引起的凋亡细胞的基本形态及差异。方法 用透射电镜观察原位组织和培养细胞在生理条件下和外界因素作用下产生的凋亡细胞,其中有卵巢颗粒膜细胞、烷化剂作用的光感受细胞、培养的人膀胱癌T24细胞株和肝癌细胞株。结果 凋亡细胞的基本形态变化有：胞体变小、胞质浓缩、核染色质凝聚,而核膜、质膜及细胞器保存完好。各种凋亡细胞间的形态差异主要表现为核染色质凝聚的形态不同：有的凝聚染色质边移于核膜下,或呈新月形;有的核染色质凝聚成块状,散布于核内;有的呈致密凝聚,占据整个核区。结论 电镜下观察到凋亡细胞的核染色质凝聚除边移外还有其他形态,正常组织中的暗细胞和坏死组织中的凝固性坏死细胞应与凋亡细胞相区别。     

桂枝茯苓丸诱导荷瘤鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡相关检测

目的 探讨桂枝茯苓丸诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡机制,为桂枝茯苓丸(GFW)开发应用提供实验依据.方法 计算抑瘤率,应用二苯胺法检测各组肿瘤细胞DNA断裂率,透射电镜观察肿瘤细胞超微结构.结果 GFW抑瘤率为38.93%.与模型组比较,GFW组、CY组DNA断裂率升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).中药组电镜下可见瘤细胞以凋亡变化为主.内膜结构完好,核膜清晰,细胞核固缩,染色质团块状散布核内或边集核膜下,并可见凋亡小体.结论 GFW的抑瘤作用与其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关.     

细胞凋亡与细胞因子

细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)是一种特殊的细胞死亡类型 ,指细胞在一定的生理或病理条件下 ,遵循自身固有程序结束生命的现象。细胞凋亡现象存在于多种生物体中 ,在胚胎发育、免疫耐受、肿瘤发生及组织更新等过程中起重要调节作用。近年来研究发现 ,细胞凋亡可受多种因素影响 ,其中细胞因子可影响细胞凋亡。1　细胞凋亡细胞凋亡是一种有秩序、受控制并按某种特定程序发展的生理性的自然死亡过程。其形态学特征是 :胞浆首先变圆 ,随即与邻周细胞脱离 ,失去微绒毛 ,胞浆浓缩 ,内质网扩张呈泡状并与细胞膜融合 ,线粒体无大变化 ,核染色质密度增高 ,呈…     

HHT诱导HL—60细胞凋亡的形态学及细胞动力学变化

本文应用细胞培养及电镜等技术，探讨了高三尖杉酯碱对ＨＬ－６０细胞凋亡过程的影响，结果表明ＨＨＴ诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞出现凋亡细胞典型的形态学改变，即细胞浆空泡增多，染色质浓集，且向核膜聚集，或浓集形成境界分明的颗粒块状或新月形小体；且其作用强度和时间及剂量呈一定的依赖关系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.